脉冲沉积制备Cu_2O/TiO_2纳米管异质结的可见光光催化性能

在用阳极氧化法制备有序排列TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜的基础上,引入脉冲沉积工艺,成功实现了均匀、弥散分布的Cu2O纳米颗粒修饰改性TiO2纳米管阵列,形成Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结复合材料.利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、场发射透射电镜(FETEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行表征,重点研究了Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结的光电化学特性和对甲基橙(MO)的可见光催化降解性能.结果表明,Cu2O纳米颗粒均匀附着在TiO2纳米管阵列的管口和中部位置,所制备的Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结具有高效的可见光光催化性能;在浓度为0.01 mol?L-1的CuSO4溶液中制得的Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结表现出最好的电化学特性和光催化性能;另外,对Cu2O纳米颗粒影响光催化活性的机理进行了讨论.     

TiO2纳米管阵列负载不同形貌Cu2O薄膜的制备及光电性能研究

本论文采用阳极氧化法在金属钛基底上制备高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜,然后采用脉冲电流法在TiO2纳米管阵列上沉积Cu2O,从而制备出Cu2O-TiO2纳米管阵列异质结复合薄膜。借助X射线衍射仪(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征手段,详细探讨了Cu2O沉积过程中电解液的不同扰动方式(静止、磁力搅拌和超声搅拌)对复合薄膜物相和形貌的影响。实验结果表明电解液的扰动方式会影响Cu2O沉积过程中的离子扩散和微区化学环境,从而影响Cu2O的形貌。通过漫反射紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和光电流性能测试可知所制备的负载Cu2O型TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜具有显著的可见光响应效应。     

ZnFe2O4/TiO2纳米管阵列电极的制备及光电催化降解苯酚的研究

采用阳极氧化法和电沉积法制备出具有可见光响应的ZnFe2O4/TiO2纳米管阵列电极.用环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备的ZnFe2O4/TiO2纳米管阵列电极的表面形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,该方法成功地将ZnFe2O4纳米颗粒均匀分散在TiO2纳米管中,分布在管口处的较少.同时,详细讨论了反应物浓度、沉积时间、循环次数、沉积电压对ZnFe2O4/TiO2纳米管阵列电极性能的影响.通过在可见光下降解苯酚评价了复合电极的光催化活性,实验结果表明:由于ZnFe2O4和TiO2之间的协同效应,复合电极的光响应范围扩展到了可见光区域,光电催化活性提高1.5～2倍.     

金属氧化物(Fe2O3, CuO,NiO)改性对TiO2纳米管阵列光电催化活性的增强效应

采用阳极氧化法和阴极电沉积法制备了Fe2O3,CuO和NiO纳米粒子改性的高度有序的TiO2纳米管(TiO2-NT)阵列.运用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对Fe2O3/TiO2-NT、CuO/TiO2-NT和NiO/TiO2-NT复合电极进行表征.以苯酚为模拟污染物,考察复合电极的光电性能.结果表明,金属氧化物(Fe2O3,CuO,NiO)纳米粒子成功沉积在TiO2-NTs的管口、内壁和管底.金属氧化物改性复合电极的光电催化活性比未改性的TiO2-NTs提高了2倍以上.Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs在可见光区显示出最高的吸收强度.以Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs为阳极处理苯酚废水,光照120min后苯酚去除率达到96%,而未改性的TiO2-NTs的苯酚去除率只有41%.此外,Fe2O3/TiO2-NTs在生成低毒中间产物方面表现出良好的性能.较高的复合电极光电催化活性主要是由于TiO2纳米管和过渡金属氧化物纳米粒子间构筑的高界面面积异质纳米结构,有效地促进了电子转移,抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合.     

聚3-甲基噻吩修饰量子点硫化铅连接TiO2纳米结构膜的光电化学研究

采用原位化学法在纳米结构TiO2电极上制备了量子点PbS(Q-PbS), 并用电化学方法在TiO2/Q-PbS表面聚合3-甲基噻吩[poly(3-Methylthiophene), PMeT]. 研究结果表明, PMeT和Q-PbS单独修饰纳米结构TiO2电极和PMeT修饰Q-PbS连接纳米结构TiO2电极的光电流产生的起始波长都向长波方向移动; 在可见光区光电转换效率均比纳米结构TiO2的光电转换效率提高显著; PMeT与Q-PbS修饰的纳米结构TiO2之间存在p-n异质结. 在一定条件下p-n异质结的存在有利于光生电子/空穴的分离, 提高了光电转换效率.     

Fe-Ni/TiO2纳米管阵列电极的制备、表征及光电催化还原五氯酚活性

采用阳极氧化法和浸渍电沉积联用法制备了不同负载量的Fe-Ni/TiO2纳米管阵列电极. 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测量等手段对样品的微观形貌、 晶体结构和光电响应等特性进行分析. 考察了在0.6 V偏压下, 所制备的电极对五氯酚的光电催化还原性能. 结果表明, 适量的Fe和Ni纳米颗粒的负载, 降低了TiO2纳米管阵列光生电子-空穴对的复合几率; 浸渍电沉积5次的Fe-Ni/TiO2纳米管阵列电极光电催化还原降解五氯酚的效率为91.35%, 明显高于TiO2纳米管阵列电极.     

取向纳米ZnO/Cu_2O异质结阵列的制备及光电特性

以水热合成法制备的一维取向n型ZnO纳米线阵列为衬底,采用电化学沉积法在其上沉积生长一层p型Cu2O半导体包覆层,制备出了新型ZnO/Cu2O异质结纳米线阵列光敏器件.利用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、PL及光响应特性等测试方法对样品的形貌、晶体结构、化学成分及光电特性进行了分析表征.研究了生长条件对ZnO/Cu2O异质结纳米线阵列各种特性的影响.研究发现,适宜的沉积电压和沉积时间是保证ZnO/Cu2O异质结光敏器件具有适宜厚度核壳包覆层及较好光响应特性的关键因素.研究结果为ZnO及Cu2O半导体材料在光敏器件中的应用提供了实验基础.     

CuS/TiO2纳米管异质结阵列的制备及光电性能

利用水热反应制备了CuS/TiO2纳米管异质结阵列,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射谱(XRD)等手段表征了异质结阵列的表面形貌和晶体结构.电流-电压曲线结果表明,CuS/TiO2纳米管异质结阵列具有明显的整流效应.根据表面光电压谱和相位谱,在376～600 nm之间,CuS/TiO2纳米管异质结阵列表现为p型半导体特征,电子在表面聚集;在300～376 nm之间表现为n型半导体特征,空穴在表面聚集;在376 nm处异质结阵列的表面光伏响应为零.CuS/TiO2和CuS/ITO之间界面电场的不同导致异质结在不同波长范围内表面电荷聚集的差异.光电化学性能测试发现,以CuS/TiO2纳米管异质结阵列为光阳极组成的光化学太阳电池,在大气质量AM 1.5G,100 mW/cm2标准光强作用下具有0.4%的光电转换能力.     

偏压控制Cu2O和Cu在TiO2表面的生长及其光电化学性质

基于TiO2/Ti电极在含Cu2+溶液中的循环伏安图,调节电沉积的沉积电压,我们在TiO2平整表面制备出Cu2O和/或Cu颗粒.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征,发现Cu2O和Cu有不同的生长机制:Cu2O颗粒在TiO2表面分散结晶,而Cu颗粒是在已生长的颗粒上成核,从而形成堆积颗粒结构.这是由于在Cu2O/TiO2界面和Cu/TiO2界面形成不同的能带结构,使得电子的转移方式不同.与纯TiO2光阳极比较,可以观察到Cu2O/TiO2和Cu/TiO2异质结构的光电流均有显著增强.特别地,存在一个电压区间使得Cu2O和Cu同时生长在TiO2表面,此时对应的光电流比较稳定并且能达到最大.紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和光电流-电压特性曲线均显示,Cu2O和Cu明显有助于光的可见光吸收,同时Cu/TiO2在光电转换过程中显示更宽波段的可见光利用率.此外,开路电压的增加、有效的电荷分离和电极/电解质界面上载流子的快速迁移也增强了材料的光电化学性质.     

纳米结构TiO2/聚3-己基噻吩多孔膜电极光电性能研究

用光电流作用谱、光电流-电势图等光电化学方法研究了ITO/聚3-己基噻吩(ITO/ P3HT)膜和纳米结构TiO2/聚3-己基噻吩(TiO2/P3HT)复合膜的光电转换性质. 结果表明, P3HT膜的禁带宽度为1.89 eV, 价带位置为－5.4 eV. 在ITO/TiO2/ P3HT复合膜电极中存在p-n异质结, 在一定条件下异质结的存在有利于光生电子-空穴对的分离. P3HT修饰ITO/TiO2电极可使光电流发生明显的红移, 从而提高了宽禁带半导体的光电转换效率.     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.