计及配电网灵活性的多园区综合能源系统分布式优化调度

多园区综合能源系统与配电网的交互方式决定多能潮流分布和能量传输损耗,进而将直接影响整个系统的优化运行.本文提出了一种计及多园区综合能源系统与配电网之间接入影响的分布式协同优化调度方案.首先,提出一种包含综合能源系统及配电网的双层分布式优化系统架构.然后,以各园区综合能源系统用能成本最低、配电网网损最小为目标,以能源园区接入配电网的位置及配电网网络拓扑为调控手段给出协同优化模型,并通过改进自适应步长交替方向乘子法实现问题分布式求解,实现了系统的整体高效调度,提升了配电网灵活性及园区综合能源系统运行经济性.最后,通过仿真算例验证了本文所提方法的准确性及有效性.     

基于云边协同的车间能源管理系统

本文提出了基于云边协同的能源管理系统。此系统面向车间生产制造过程,可以实现各类能源信息连接、互通,可以打破信息隔离,帮助管理者监控能源消耗情况、分析能源使用特征,从而更好地实现“双碳达标”的目标。此系统采用云边协同架构,分为边缘端和云端两部分：边缘端使用自研的边缘控制器组成集群,云端搭建边缘云（私有云）平台;同时,此系统按照功能划分为三层：采集层、分析层、应用层。最后,此系统方案在中国航空制造技术研究院的生产现场进行了应用验证。结果表明,该架构能够降低能源设备接入和管理难度,能够提升数据处理速度和应用响应速度,能够减轻网络传输的负担和边缘存储的压力。通过应用本能源管理系统,提高了车间能源利用率,减少了资源浪费,保证了生产用能安全。     

风电介入下的多区域互联电力系统分布式经济模型预测负荷频率控制

针对风电介入下的多区域互联电力系统,提出一种分布式经济模型预测负荷频率控制策略.通过将大规模互联电力系统分解成若干个动态耦合的子系统,这些子系统能够利用网络交流并共享信息,使得各区域的控制器实现各自优化问题的求解.同时,在满足状态约束和控制输入约束的前提下,遵循传统火力发电优先、风力发电配合的原则,通过在线求解优化问题,实现风电介入下的多区域互联电力系统的负荷频率控制.为了提高系统整体运行经济性,所提出的分布式经济模型预测控制器将负荷调频成本、燃料消耗成本以及风力发电成本等经济性指标考虑在内.仿真结果表明,在阶跃负荷扰动下,所设计的控制器不仅可以满足调频要求,在降低计算负担和提高经济性能方面也具有一定优势.     

计及混合潮流约束的热-电互联综合能源系统 多目标优化调度

为满足多样化能源需求并提高能源网络的可靠性,研究多能源系统优化管理和混合潮流问题.针对多能源的网络约束及其耦合特性,构建整合分布式发电、热电联产、电力网络和区域供热网络的热-电互联综合能源系统模型.基于梯形模糊隶属函数构建模糊化软约束,量化电力网络节点电压和区域供热网络节点供给温度的技术不满意度.考虑系统的经济运行和网络节点的能源供给质量,提出一种计及混合潮流约束的热-电互联综合能源系统多目标优化调度策略,以最小化运行成本和网络节点状态变量的技术不满意度.采用epsilon约束算法精确求解该多目标优化问题的Pareto前沿.算例分析结果表明,所构建的模型和提出的算法可以有效提高系统能源供给质量和优化决策的准确性.研究成果进一步体现了所提出的多目标优化方案在兼顾经济性、能源供给质量以及复杂的运行约束,保证系统经济稳定运行等方面的效益.     

面向海洋节能边缘计算的任务卸载研究

针对海洋通信网络能源不稳定、时延较长的问题,提出一种混合能量供应的边缘计算卸载方案。对于能量供应问题,移动边缘计算(MEC)服务器集成混合电源和混合接入点,混合电源利用可再生能源为MEC服务器供应能量,采用电力电网作为其补充能源,保证边缘计算系统的可靠运行,船舶用户通过混合接入点广播的射频(RF)信号收集能量。针对任务卸载优化问题,以能耗-时延权衡优化为目标,联合能量收集方法制定任务卸载比例、本地计算能力和发射功率的优化方案,最后利用降维优化算法,将目标函数简化为关于任务卸载比例的一维多约束问题,并利用改进的鲸鱼优化算法获得最优的执行总代价。利用边缘云模拟器EdgeCloudSim仿真的结果表明,所提方案较具有能量收集的资源分配方案和基本海上通信网络优化的方案执行成本分别降低了13.4%和9.6%。     

考虑能量梯级高效利用的多微网综合能源系统优化调度策略

围绕“碳达峰”“碳中和”双碳目标的工作正在逐渐实施。综合能源微网增加,将形成微网集群,即多微网综合能源系统。多微网综合能源系统相较于单一综合能源微网可大幅度改善用能成本。如何进一步提高整体的能源利用效率仍然是研究的一个关键点。针对含电能交互且考虑能量梯级高效利用的多微网综合能源系统,本文建立了优化调度模型。首先,对多微网综合能源系统的架构以及能质系数法进行了详述,并详细比对了■效率计算方法与热效率计算方法的不同之处。随后,构建了考虑能量梯级高效利用以经济性和■效率为目标的多微网综合能源系统优化调度模型,采用Matalb和Yalmip进行最优化建模,并采用Gurobi求解器进行求解,有效避免了启发式算法计算时间过长的问题。通过算例分析论证了所提方案的合理性和有效性,不仅大幅提高了能源效率,同时也保证了较高的经济性,使得多微网综合能源系统的运行更加符合双碳目标的要求。     

基于滑模控制的含风储多域电力系统负荷频率控制

建立含风储多域互联电力系统负荷频率控制(LFC)模型,同时考虑系统参数不确定性、储能系统和传统机组控制信道延时问题.为提高系统鲁棒性,降低储能系统的容量配置,针对含风储的LFC模型,设计滑模负荷频率控制器,并提出滑模负荷频率控制器和储能协调的控制策略.算例分析表明,所提出的协调控制策略在新能源大规模渗透和系统负荷波动情况下能够有效减小系统频率偏差和区域控制偏差,同时降低储能系统的配置容量,提高电力系统安全稳定运行的经济性.     

基于软件定义网络的边缘控制部署机制

针对软件定义网络（software-defined Networking,SDN）中单一控制器容易发生过载导致较长时延的问题,提出一种基于SDN的边缘控制模型,该模型采取分层部署方式将边缘计算集成到SDN中,每个边缘控制器控制其覆盖范围内部署的所有子边缘控制器和交换机,负责区域内网络设备的通信量。为了方便管理边缘控制器之间的交互,该模型引入一个控制器代理模块,将设备请求转发给父控制器或将路由信息发送给子控制器来协调控制器之间的工作。实验结果表明,与基于SDN的传统网络相比,该方法依托部署在网络设备边缘的计算和存储服务,减轻了SDN主控制器上的负载,降低了转发平面和控制平面之间的延时,显著地改善了总处理延时和带宽使用情况。     

多区域互联综合能源系统的双层博弈优化运行

为保障用户日益增长的能源消费需求、提高能源利用率,本文面向多区域综合能源系统,考虑综合需求响应,提出基于聚合商和用户双层博弈的优化运行方法.在包含聚合商、用户、综合能源系统和能源互联网络的多园区综合能源系统架构的基础上,建立了包括下层用户间非合作博弈和上层聚合商联盟合作博弈的双层博弈优化模型.其中,上层聚合商以多区域综...     

可再生能源接入下配电网协同调度策略研究

可再生能源接入配电物联网(IoT)后，由于调度策略较复杂，使得配电网运行的网损较高、弃风弃光率结果不够理想。因此，提出一种可再生能源接入下配电网协同调度策略。通过电力IoT获取配电网的电力数据，并构建目标函数。设置储能运行约束条件和双向潮流约束条件。通过构建含可再生能源的配电网协同调度目标函数，采用交叉熵随机抽样算法获取目标函数的最优解，完成含可再生能源的配电网协同调度。试验结果表明，所提策略的网损值在680 MWh以内、弃风弃光率在30%以内、配电网的灵活性不足率均低于10%、系统综合安全性指数接近1。所提策略降低了配电网的功率波动。该结果验证了所提策略的整体有效性。     

Grasshopper optimization algorithm for optimal load frequency control considering Predictive Functional Modified PID controller in restructured multi-resource multi-area power system with Redox Flow Battery units

Load frequency control (LFC) is a well-established issue in design and operation of power systems considering to the extension, restructuring, and complexity of the interconnected power systems and also the emergence utilization of renewable energy resources. This paper studies the frequency control of multi-area multi-source power system based on the importance of the LFC in the stability of the power system which includes various generation units of thermal, hydroelectric, wind, natural gas and diesel under the restructured environment. In this system, non-linear physical constraints, governor dead band (GDB) and generation rate constraint (GRC) are considered. In this paper, a new Predictive Functional Modified PID (PFMPID) controller is proposed that the effectiveness of this controller is verified compared to the traditional one. In order to optimize and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed control method, Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is proposed as a suitable solution. To further improve the performance of the under study system, the use of the Redox Flow Battery (RFB) energy storage unit has also been proposed. Since the operation evaluation of the proposed process is necessary in different system conditions, the performance of the proposed method is studied under various disturbances and simulation results are presented.     

Load Frequency Control of Multi-interconnected Renewable Energy Plants Using Multi-Verse Optimizer

A reliable approach based on a multi-verse optimization algorithm (MVO) for designing load frequency control incorporated in multi-interconnected power system comprising wind power and photovoltaic (PV) plants is presented in this paper. It has been applied for optimizing the control parameters of the load frequency controller (LFC) of the multi-source power system (MSPS). The MSPS includes thermal, gas, and hydro power plants for energy generation. Moreover, the MSPS is integrated with renewable energy sources (RES). The MVO algorithm is applied to acquire the ideal parameters of the controller for controlling a single area and a multi-area MSPS integrated with RES. HVDC link is utilized in shunt with AC multi-areas interconnection tie line. The proposed scheme has achieved robust performance against the disturbance in loading conditions, variation of system parameters, and size of step load perturbation (SLP). Meanwhile, the simulation outcomes showed a good dynamic performance of the proposed controller.     

A novel hybrid DEPS optimized fuzzy PI/PID controller for load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power systems

In this paper, a novel hybrid Differential Evolution (DE) and Pattern Search (PS) optimized fuzzy PI/PID controller is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of multi-area power system. Initially a two-area non-reheat thermal system is considered and the optimum gains of the fuzzy PI/PID controller are optimized employing a hybrid DE and PS (hDEPS) optimization technique. The superiority of the proposed controller is demonstrated by comparing the results with some recently published modern heuristic optimization techniques such as DE, Bacteria Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and conventional Ziegler Nichols (ZN) based PI controllers for the same interconnected power system. Furthermore, robustness analysis is performed by varying the system parameters and operating load conditions from their nominal values. It is observed that the optimum gains of the proposed controller need not be reset even if the system is subjected to wide variation in loading condition and system parameters. Additionally, the proposed approach is further extended to multi-area multi-source power system with/without HVDC link and the gains of fuzzy PID controllers are optimized using hDEPS algorithm. The superiority of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results with recently published DE optimized PID controller and conventional optimal output feedback controller for the same power systems. Finally, Reheat turbine, Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) and time delay are included in the system model to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to handle nonlinearity and physical constraints in the system model.     

Enhancing topological information of the Lyapunov-based distributed model predictive control design for large-scale nonlinear systems

In this paper, a distributed model predictive control architecture based on graph theory for integrated large-scale nonlinear process systems is proposed. This architecture is first agglomerated using popular community detection techniques and then organized on account of the relative master–slave relationship according to the ample information of interactions among separate subsystems. Both sequential and iterative distributed nonlinear model predictive coordination forms are considered for the reduction of the communication and computational burden within an acceptable loss of performance. Furthermore, the control performance of the large-scale integrated system could be improved to some extent under the architecture and the communication strategy we propose, whereby a brave exploration is made on the relationship between the control structure and the control performance, ulteriorly obtaining some notable results towards the untapped territory. The effectiveness of the proposed coordination method is evaluated by a standard reactor-separator process system.     

Frequency Regulation of Power Systems With a Wind Farm by Sliding-Mode-Based Design

Load frequency regulation is an essential auxiliary service used in dealing with the challenge of frequency stability in power systems that utilize an increasing proportion of wind power. We investigate a load frequency control method for multi-area interconnected power systems integrated with wind farms, aimed to eliminate the frequency deviation in each area and the tie-line power deviation between different areas. The method explores the derivative and integral terminal sliding mode control technology to solve the problem of load frequency regulation. Such technology employs the concept of relative degrees. However, the subsystems of wind-integrated interconnected power systems have different relative degrees, complicating the control design. This study develops the derivative and integral terminal sliding-mode-based controllers for these subsystems, realizing the load frequency regulation. Meanwhile, closed-loop stability is guaranteed with the theory of Lyapunov stability. Moreover, both a thermal power system and a wind power system are applied to provide frequency support in this study. Considering both constant and variable external disturbances, several numerical simulations were carried out in a two-area thermal power system with a wind farm. The results demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the developed method.      

A Resilient Control Strategy for Cyber-Physical Systems Subject to Denial of Service Attacks: A Leader-Follower Set-Theoretic Approach

Multi-agent systems are usually equipped with open communication infrastructures to improve interactions efficiency, reliability and sustainability. Although technologically cost-effective, this makes them vulnerable to cyber-attacks with potentially catastrophic consequences. To this end, we present a novel control architecture capable to deal with the distributed constrained regulation problem in the presence of time-delay attacks on the agents’ communication infrastructure. The basic idea consists of orchestrating the interconnected cyber-physical system as a leader-follower configuration so that adequate control actions are computed to isolate the attacked unit before it compromises the system operations. Simulations on a multi-area power system confirm that the proposed control scheme can reconfigure the leader-follower structure in response to denial of-service (DoS) attacks.      

直驱式永磁风力发电机软并网与功率调节的控制集成

为实现直驱式永磁同步风力发电机无冲击并网与风能最大跟踪控制, 设计了一种软并网与功率调节一体化的控制集成装置. 基于广义功角特性, 提出了一种对逆变器输出功率进行直接控制, 从而实现最大风能跟踪的控制策略. 新的控制策略可使发电机的转速按所期待的动态运动, 因而具有良好的静态与动态性能. 另外, 该控制律中对电机参数具有很强的鲁棒性, 因而该控制器能适应各种不同参数的同步风力发电机, 成为同步风力发电并网与功率调节的独立装置.