贵州女性文化素质状况与人口的可持续发展

本文根据几次人口普查和人口抽样调查资料 ,对贵州女性文化素质状况进行初步分析 ,探索其特点和存在的一些基本问题 ,从可持续发展的战略高度来阐明提高贵州女性文化素质的必要性     

新疆维吾尔女性人口教育状况研究

新疆维吾尔族女性人口受教育状况不容乐观。与男性相比,其受教育程度低,人口比例小,文盲率高。在对维吾尔女性人口的教育过程中也存在着不少问题,要提高维吾尔全民族的人口素质,首先要消除教育上的性别差异,尽快提高女性人口的文化素质。     

上海建设国际大都市过程中的女性就业问题研究

本文以目前上海市女性从业人口的分布、文化素质、工资收入与就业教育培训等基本现状为出发点,分析上海建设国际大都市过程中女性就业面临的问题,提出解决上海建设国际大都市过程中女性就业问题的对策建议。     

育龄妇女文化素质与新型生育文化建设

随着知识经济时代的到来,提高女性教育程度和参与社会竞争的能力是实现人口素质现代化和推进新型生育文化建设的重要议程,提高女性教育程度的核心就是实现育龄妇女教育机会均等。本文结合“2005年哈尔滨市人口发展战略研究”中人口素质部分的研究资料,主要分析了制约育龄妇女文化素质提高的“主要瓶颈;”育龄妇女文化素质提高对婚姻家庭和生育水平的影响等问题,探讨了育龄妇女文化素质与新型生育文化建设的相关性,并据此提出提高育龄妇女文化素质的对策建议。     

贵州省各地区人口文化素质差异分析

贵州省各地区人口文化素质差异分析许鹿张为东郑元恒（贵州大学管理科学系贵州大学人口研究中心贵阳５５００２５）人口文化素质是人口质量的核心，它不仅反映一个人口群体的文化知识、科技水平、生产经验和劳动技能等，而且人口文化素质的高低还对人口控制、社会经济文化...     

甘肃环县人口文化素质浅析

人口素质是反映人口总体的质的规定性的范畴。一般包括人口身体素质、科学文化素质和思想道德素质三个方面。人口的文化素质则是衡量人口素质的主要方面。当前,加强和提高人口的科学文化素质,对于建设具有中国特色的社会主义,乃至加快改革开放     

从人口受教育程度看我国东西部地区人口文化素质差异

本文以人口普查的资料为依据,对中国东西部人口各种受教育程度指标进行了大致的分析,进而比较了这两个地区人口文化素质的具体差异,同时提出了缩短两地人口文化素质差距,提高西部地区人口文化素质的相应对策及建议。     

围绕西部开发,发展教育事业,提高人口文化素质

人口文化素质是西部经济起飞和“追赶”东部的决定性因素;西部地区现有的人口文化素质状况严重地阻滞着该地区经济结构的调整、经济效益的提高和可持续发展战略的实施;树立全新的教育理念,大力发展教育事业,是西部人口文化素质提高的关键。     

贵州乡村旅游文化资源与乡村人口传统文化素质探析

本文从人口学、社会学及民族学等学科视角，以学界鲜有涉足的“人口传统文化素质”作为切入点。探究贵州乡村旅游与乡村人口传统文化素质的互动关系．以及如何通过提高乡村人口传统文化素质来促进贵州乡村文化旅游资源的开发。以期为贵州旅游事业与乡村人口的全面发展提供有益思路。     

以济、青两市的比较为例对人口文化素质与经济发展水平不一致现象的思考

<正> 一般说来,经济发展与人口文化素质呈正相关关系。人口文化素质越高,经济发展水平就越高,反之亦然。但在现实实践中,这两者之间的关系有时并不那样密切,甚至呈反相关关系。探讨这一现象产生的原因,协调人口文化素质与经济发展之间的关系,     

从社会性别视角透析出生性别比失衡

20世纪80年代以来,出生性别比失衡问题越来越严重。男尊女卑、重男轻女等传统思想是出生性别比失衡的内在根源,妇女较低的家庭地位是出生性别比失衡的外在根源,妇女自身较低的素质是出生性别比失衡的外在表现。要根除这些根源,就要营造平等的社会性别文化,消除性别歧视;加强立法和政策宣传力度,建立起完善的社会保障制度,提高妇女社会地位;加强男女平等教育,提高国民素质,以及提高妇女的文化素质。     

A cross-national comparison of the impact of family migration on women's employment status

In this paper we consider the effects of family migration on women's employment status, using census microdata from Great Britain and the United States. We test a simple hypothesis that families tend to move long distances in favor of the male's career and that this can have a detrimental effect on women's employment status. Unlike many previous studies of this question, our work emphasizes the importance of identifying couples that have migrated together, rather than simply comparing long-distance (fe)male migrants with nonmigrant (fe)males individually. We demonstrate that women's employment status is harmed by family migration; the results we present are surprisingly consistent for Great Britain and the United States, despite differing economic situations and cultural norms regarding gender and migration. We also demonstrate that studies that fail to identify linked migrant couples are likely to underestimate the negative effects of family migration on women's employment status.     

妇女文化精神生活满意感影响因素分析

本文利用全国妇联、国家统计局2000年12月第二期妇女地位调查的数据资料,对我国妇女的文化精神生活状况做了大体描述,并利用Logistic回归对妇女文化精神满意感的影响因素进行了分析。研究发现,妇女年龄、民族、受教育年限、物质生活满意感、工作能力发挥满意感、文体活动的参与、家庭婚姻生活满意感等因素对妇女文化精神生活的满意感起着重要的影响作用,最后对提高妇女文化精神生活提出了相关建议。     

How women experience menopause: the importance of social context

This study analyzes personal accounts of women's menopausal experiences to understand why most women view menopause as an insignificant event, despite negative cultural and medical constructions of menopause as a time of "loss." We analyze 16 in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of women to examine how social contexts affect women's experiences with menopause and the meaning of those experiences. We find that most women view menopause as inconsequential because other events of midlife are more important or stressful to them. However, when cultural and medical contexts are examined, we find that some women do not avoid others' negative constructions of menopause as a time of "loss."     

透析实施生育保险制度的局势

从社会学视角对实施生育保险制度的必要性进行探讨,分别从宏观(包括人口转变规律、经济体制改革、提高人口素质的需求三个方面)、中观(包括社会支持网络的变迁、保障女性群体地位、保障企业平等竞争三个方面)和微观层面(包括生育观念的转变、生育的风险性、体现女性的生育价值三个方面)进行层层剖析,说明实施和拓宽生育保险制度势在必行。     

Union formation in fragile families

In this article, we use data from a new longitudinal survey--the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study--to examine union formation among unmarried parents who have just had a child together. We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate the effects of economic, cultural/interpersonal, and other factors on whether (relative to having no romantic relationship) parents are romantically involved and living apart, cohabiting, or married to each other about one year after the child's birth. Net of other factors (including baseline relationship status), women's education and men's earnings encourage marriage. Cultural and interpersonal factors also have strong effects: women's trust of men, both parents' positive attitudes toward marriage, and both parents' assessment of the supportiveness in their relationship encourage marriage. Supportiveness also encourages cohabitation, while fathers having a problem with alcohol or drugs and reporting higher conflict in the relationship discourage cohabitation: Fathers' physical violence deters couples' remaining in romantic nonresident relationships.     

Gender inequalities and demographic behavior

A summary was provided of the central findings about gender inequalities in Egypt, India, Ghana, and Kenya published by the Population Council in 1994. These countries exhibited gender inequalities in different ways: the legal, economic, and educational systems; family planning and reproductive health services; and the health care system. All countries had in common a high incidence of widowhood. Widowhood was linked with high levels of insecurity, which were linked with high fertility. Children thus became insurance in old age. In Ghana, women's insecurity was threatened through high levels of marital instability and polygyny. In Egypt, insecurity was translated into economic vulnerability because of legal discrimination against women when family systems were disrupted. In India and all four countries, insecurity was reflective of limited access to education, an impediment to economic autonomy. In all four countries, women's status was inferior due to limited control over reproductive decision making about childbearing limits and contraception. In India, the cultural devaluation of girls contributed to higher fertility to satisfy the desire for sons. In India and Egypt, family planning programs were dominated by male-run organizations that were more concerned about demographic objectives than reproductive health. The universal inequality was the burden women carry for contraception. Family planning programs have ignored the local realities of reproductive behavior, family structures, and gender relations. The assumption that husbands and wives have similar fertility goals or that fathers fully share the costs of children is mistaken in countries such as Ghana. Consequently, fertility has declined less than 13% in Ghana, but fertility has declined by over 30% in Kenya. Family planning programs must be aware of gender issues.     

贫困地区的妇女赋权和生育控制

妇女赋权是生殖健康的核心内容之一，它通过赋予妇女权力和机会，转变那些客观上存在性别歧视和社会不平等的一些结构和制度，增强妇女在社会、政治、经济上的权力，实现性别的平等与发展，改善妇女地位，使妇女生育率客观上得到控制。本文从妇女赋权的角度出发，通过妇女赋权对生育水平影响的路径分析来探讨从根本上解决贫困地区控制人口的可能途径：通过实现妇女赋权，增强妇女的自主性、独立性，促使妇女地位的提高，从而使妇女的状况得以改变，降低生育率。     

The determinants and patterns of married women's labor force participation in Korea

The present study investigates the determinants and patterns of married women's labor force participation in Korea. Married women's employment in Korea is largely determined by age, urban residence, household characteristics of the husband's socioeconomic status, family income, fertility, and the lagged effect of work. Older age, rural residence, inferior household economic condition, and recent work experience are the major positive causes of married women's participation in the market work. On the other hand, younger women with preschool children, who currently reside in urban areas, enjoying better household economic conditions (due to higher socioeconomic status of husbands and/or higher family income) are the groups of women with the smallest probability of working in the market. Married women's employment pattern in Korea shows a pattern typical of less-developed and low-income countries in two aspects: married women working and characterized by a low level of education; the difference between urban and rural areas in terms of work participation pattern is remarkable. Although Korea belongs to the advanced group of currently industrializing countries, she lags behind with other developing countries in terms of married women's employment. Moreover, it is difficult to predict in advance that Korea would have similar experiences as those of contemporary advanced countries.     

半干旱地区农村妇女素质与生态环境的关系研究——以甘肃中部地区为例

本文利用甘肃中部地区10个贫困县的调查资料,重点研究了农村妇女身体素质、文化素质与农村生态环境之间的相互关系。研究结果表明,半干旱地区恶化的水环境和农业环境以及较差的庭院卫生等对农村妇女身体素质都有明显的负面影响,而农村妇女低下的文化素质对农村生态环境的保护也有不同程度的制约。因此,农村妇女素质提高与生态环境的改善是相辅相成的关系。