脱矿脱细胞骨基质环支架体外构建组织工程化椎间盘纤维环

目的:探计以脱矿脱细胞骨基质环为支架、纤维环细胞为种子细胞体外培养构建组织工程化椎间盘纤维环的可行性.方法:取兔椎间盘纤维环细胞培养,应用甲苯胺蓝染色和Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色进行鉴定.用纤维蛋白凝胶接种技术将兔椎间盘纤维环细胞接种到经脱矿脱细胞制备的骨基质环支架材料上,体外培养3个月.每月取培养的细胞支架复合体进行大体形态、HE染色光镜检查和扫描电镜观察,并用生化方法榆测羟脯氨酸、氨基葡聚糖(GAG)、脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)含量;逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原信使核糖核酸(mRNA)表达;免疫组化和蛋白质印迹方法检测Ⅰ、Ⅱ犁胶原蛋白表达.结果:培养的第1代细胞甲苯胺蓝染色呈异染性,Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色均可见阳性表达,表明培养的第1代细胞具有椎间盘纤维环细胞的表型特点.构建的复合体体外培养1、2、3个月时大体呈白色半透明样环状,有光泽,质韧,具有一定弹性,可扭曲;HE染色光镜下见支架孔洞被红染的组织填充,且空洞内的细胞密度逐渐增加;扫描电镜观察材料表面逐渐被组织填充;Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色均为阳性;培养2个月时复合体羟脯氨酸、GAG、DNA含量明显高于1个月时(P<0.01),3个月时与2个月时比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).各时间点复合体羟脯氨酸、GAG、DNA含量均低于正常纤维环(P<0.05或<0.01);培养1个月时复合体可检测到Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原mRNA和蛋白的表达.2个月时与1个月时比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),3个月时与2个月时比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:以脱矿脱细胞骨基质环为支架、纤维环细胞为种子细胞构建的复合体在体外培养时,细胞能够保持表型特点、逐渐增殖和行使功能,此复合体可被鉴定为类纤维环组织,用其构建组织工程化椎间盘纤维环可行.     

多孔左旋聚乳酸-脱细胞软骨基质支架性能研究

目的 研究不同实验条件下制备的多孔左旋聚乳酸-脱细胞软骨基质支架的结构与性能,分析其作为软骨组织工程支架材料的可行性.方法 在三种实验温度下,应用热致相分离法将左旋聚乳酸与猪脱细胞软骨基质按不同比例混合,制备生物多孔复合物支架,并对各支架材料孔径、孔隙率、亲水性、生物力学强度和降解率进行研究.结果 多孔左旋聚乳酸-脱细胞软骨基质支架孔径为100～300μm.形态自然圆润,取向规则,脱细胞软骨基质在左旋聚乳酸三维结构中均匀分布,其结构和性能均符合软骨组织工程支架材料的要求.结论 左旋聚乳酸-脱细胞软骨基质支架可用于软骨组织工程研究.     

不同接种方法构建组织工程化椎间盘纤维环细胞支架复合体的对比研究

目的 在以脱矿脱细胞骨基质环为支架以纤维环细胞为种子细胞构建组织工程化椎间盘纤维环细胞支架复合体过程中,探索最佳的构建复合体方法.方法 分别使用纤维蛋白凝胶接种技术和传统的直接接种技术一静置法构建技术构建组织工程化椎间盘纤维环细胞支架复合体.对构建产物进行倒置显微镜观察、扫描电镜观察和细胞计数,比较两方法的效果.结果 纤维蛋白凝胶接种技术构建的细胞支架复合体.细胞粘附更多、增殖更迅速.结论 纤维蛋白凝胶接种技术在以脱矿脱细胞骨基质环为支架以纤维环细胞为种子细胞构建组织工程化椎间盘纤维环细胞支架复合体过程中,比静置法效果更好.     

来源于长管状骨的组织工程纤维环支架的理化特性及细胞生物学相容性研究

[目的]以来源于长管状骨的骨基质明胶(bone matrix gelatin,BMG)为材料制备纤维环支架,并检测其理化特性及细胞生物相容性.[方法]以猪股骨近端松质骨为材料,制备外径为1 cm、内径为0.5 cm的中空环,经脱钙脱细胞处理后制成纤维环支架.支架行Hoechst 33258、HE、Ⅰ型胶原免疫荧光、天狼星红染色,扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察并计算孔径,同时进行生物力学测定.四甲基偶氮唑蓝(methyl thiazoly tetrazolium,MTT)检测支架不同浓度浸提液的细胞毒性,取P1代山羊纤维环细胞,用注射器将细胞接种至支架上,体外培养48 h,通过活/死细胞染色(LIVE/DEAD cells staining)、扫描电镜(SEM)、HE染色评价支架与细胞的生物相容性.[结果]大体观察支架表面光滑,呈乳白色,扫描电镜支架孔隙分布较均匀且相连通,支架孔径为(401.4±13.1) μm,Hoechst 33258、HE染色均未见细胞残留,Ⅰ型胶原免疫荧光阳性,天狼星红染色支架红染,支架压缩弹性模量为(47.75±6.32) kPa.四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)检测各组间细胞增殖差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),活/死细胞染色示细胞在支架上呈绿色荧光,扫描电镜和HE染色示细胞粘附在支架孔隙表面及周围,有基质分泌.[结论]以来源于长管状骨的骨基质明胶为材料制备的中空环形支架脱细胞彻底,具有合适的孔径结构,在机械性能、组成方面与正常纤维环相接近,具有良好的生物相容性,符合组织工程纤维环支架载体的条件.     

不同长骨制备的脱矿骨基质中BMP-2含量测定及其成骨性能的体外研究

目的 测量不同长骨制备的脱矿骨基质（demineralized bone matrix,DBM）中BMP-2的浓度,评价不同DBM诱导MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化的能力。方法 取同一尸体标本不同长骨制备DBM,按取材部位分成尺骨组（uDBM组）、肱骨组（hDBM组）、胫骨组（tDBM组）和股骨组（fDBM组）,以煮沸后的DBM为对照组（cDBM组）。将各组DBM经盐酸胍提取蛋白后采用ELISA法检测BMP-2含量;然后将其与MC3T3-E1细胞共培养,细胞计数试剂盒8(cell counting kit 8,CCK-8)法观察各组细胞增殖情况,行茜素红、ALP、Van Gieson染色定性观察和ALP含量定量分析各组细胞成骨分化能力;并采用线性回归分析DBM中BMP-2浓度对细胞合成ALP的影响。结果 各DBM组间BMP-2浓度比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,下肢长骨中BMP-2浓度高于上肢长骨,其中fDBM组BMP-2浓度约为uDBM组的35.5倍。CCK-8法检测示,共培养5 d内各组细胞持续增殖,5 d时各组吸光度（A）值从高到低依次为fDBM组>tDBM组&...     

新型脱细胞骨基质-壳聚糖复合支架的生物相容性研究

[目的]评价新型脱细胞骨基质-壳聚糖(ABECM/CS)骨组织工程复合多孔支架的生物相容性和安全性,为临床应用提供实验依据.[方法]采用联合脱细胞方法对猪股骨进行处理后制备脱细胞骨基质/壳聚糖骨组织工程复合支架.分离、培养兔骨髓间充质干细胞传代后进行实验.采用MTT法观察材料浸提液于1、3、5、7d时进行细胞毒性实验观察细胞的活性;将材料浸提液与稀释血混合离心后观察红细胞溶血情况,检测OD值计算相对溶血率;将材料浸提液经静脉注入兔体内进行热原实验,在规定时间内观察兔体温变化.[结果]细胞毒性实验显示,培养1、3、5、7d后各时间段内三组OD值两两比较(P＞0.05)无显著差异,表明材料无毒性.在溶血实验中观察实验材料的溶血率为3.0％,在标准值溶血率5％范围内,提示无溶血现象发生.热原实验结果显示每只兔体温升高均低于0.6℃,且3只兔体温升高总度数低于1.4℃,符合热原检测规定,复合材料无致热作用.[结论]经联合脱细胞处理制备的ABECM/CS复合支架无细胞毒性、无溶血反应、无热原性,具有良好的生物相容性和安全性,可作为构建组织工程骨的支架载体材料.     

脱钙皮质骨基质的拉伸力学性能研究

目的探讨脱钙皮质骨基质厚度与拉伸力学性能的关系,为将其作为组织工程支架材料奠定实验基础。方法取市售新鲜小牛胫骨,常规快速脱钙制备脱钙皮质骨基质,大体观察其颜色、质地等物理性状,并进行脱钙检测。将脱钙皮质骨基质沿径向纵切成不同厚度的片材,并根据厚度分为4组(n=16),分别为A组100～300μm,B组300～500μm,C组500～700μm,D组700～1 000μm;对每组标本进行拉伸性能和组织学观测。结果大体观察显示脱钙皮质骨基质经H2O2处理后呈乳白色,柔韧性好,富有弹性。脱钙皮质骨基质的脱钙率达97.6%。A组强度及弹性模量明显小于B、C、D组(P<0.05),B、C、D组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);脱钙皮质骨基质刚度随厚度增加呈逐渐增大趋势,A组刚度显著低于B、C、D组(P<0.05),B、C组低于D组(P<0.05),B、C组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组极限应变差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。组织学观察各组均可见典型骨单位结构,其最大直径范围为102～325μm,平均最大直径为182μm。结论骨单位的完整性对脱钙皮质骨基质的力学性能有重要影响;脱钙皮质骨基质作为组织工程支架材料,在厚度>300μm时可保持其拉伸力学性能。     

可塑形脱细胞软骨基质材料的制备及性状研究

目的 利用牛膝关节透明软骨进行脱细胞处理,制备新型可塑形生物材料,探讨脱细胞软骨基质作为组织工程载体材料的可行性. 方法 采集新鲜牛膝关节,切取关节表面透明软骨,冻干后低温粉碎为软骨微粒,胰酶、Triton X-100及低张Tris-HC1溶液联合作用进行脱细胞处理,冷冻干燥塑形,紫外线交联后制备脱细胞软骨基质材料.采用组织学、免疫组织化学、扫描电镜、孔隙率测定及生物力学检测等对材料的理化性状进行观察分析.取4只成年新西兰白兔骨髓制备BMSCs,传至第3代进行实验.观察浓度分别为100%、10%及1%的材料浸提液培养BMSCs 0、24、48及72 h后相对乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)释放率,以含5?S的DMEM培养基作为阴性对照,观察细胞毒性作用;并将浓度为1×107 个/mL的BMSCs单细胞悬液与材料复合培养,观察细胞黏附情况. 结果 制备的脱细胞软骨基质材料呈白色多孔状结构.HE染色示材料由纤维状的软骨微粒形成网状结构,基质内无细胞成分残留;阿尔新蓝染色示微颗粒呈蓝色.材料Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色呈阳性.扫描电镜材料为多孔状海绵结构,孔径30～150μm.压汞法测定材料平均孔隙率为89.37%,平均孔径为90.8μm.力学分析示脱细胞软骨基质材料的压缩模量为(17.91±0.98)MPa,未经脱细胞处理的软骨微粒材料压缩模量为(15.12 ±0.77)MPa,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与正常牛关节软骨的(26.30±1.98)MPa比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).细胞毒性实验显示,培养0、24、48及72 h,100%、10%、1%浓度材料浸提液条件培养基和阴性对照DMEM培养基相对LDH释放率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).细胞黏附实验显示细胞可黏附于材料上,生长状态良好. 结论 牛关节软骨经脱细胞处理后,制成的多孔状脱细胞软骨基质材料,既保持了软骨基质中的主要成分,又具有良好的理化性质和生物相容性,可作为组织工程研究的一种新型载体材料.     

脱细胞软骨基质来源的多孔支架复合山羊髓核细胞体内初步构建组织工程髓核的实验研究

[目的]探讨脱细胞软骨基质多孔支架复合PKH26标记的山羊髓核细胞体内异位构建组织工程髓核的可行性.[方法]制备脱细胞软骨基质来源的多孔支架,扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察、天狼星红染色、HE染色观察、MTT毒性检测;分离山羊髓核细胞,通过倒置显微镜观察、番红O染色、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色进行鉴定;将PKH26标记的山羊髓核细胞接种支架上,体外培养3d后进行LIVE/DEAD活性染色,将细胞支架复合物置入裸鼠皮下,培养6周,病理切片,荧光显微镜下观察,进行番红O、Ⅰ、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色.[结果]扫描电镜观察支架孔隙相连通且分布均匀,天狼星红染色支架呈黄绿相间色,HE支架淡染,MTT检测细胞增殖曲线无统计学差异(P＞0.05);P1代髓核细胞呈软骨样细胞形态,番红O染色、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色均阳性,PKH26标记后的细胞呈红色荧光;体外LIVE/DEAD染色细胞呈绿色荧光,体内培养6周后,带红色荧光的细胞填满支架孔隙,番红O、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性,Ⅰ型胶原免疫组化染色弱阳性.[结论]以脱细胞软骨基质多孔支架复合山羊髓核细胞在体内能够形成组织工程髓核样组织.     

同种脱细胞软骨基质与软骨细胞复合物修复兔甲状软骨缺损的实验研究

目的 探讨脱细胞软骨基质(acelluar cartilaginous matrix，ACM)与软骨细胞复合后植入兔体内，能否形成软骨修复甲状软骨缺损。方法 分离培养免甲状软骨细胞，与ACM体外复合培养，形成ACM-软骨细胞复合物，进行组织学分析及用于修复兔甲状软骨缺损。新西兰大白兔18只，制成两侧甲状软骨缺损模型，随机分为3组，每组6只。对照组：只制备缺损，不作修复；ACM修复组：采用单纯ACM修复缺损；实验组：用ACM-软骨细胞复合物修复。术后8周处死动物，取出标本，进行大体和组织学观察。结果 体外培养时，软骨细胞能在ACM表面生长，未长入基质内。动物实验结果，对照组：甲状软骨缺损处被肌肉、结缔组织充填；ACM修复组：ACM内炎性细胞浸润，轻度吸收变形；实验组：复合物植人体内后8周未形成软骨，甲状软骨缺损修复不理想。结论 ACM体外培养和体内植入均未能为软骨细胞生长提供支持，作为一种天然细胞培养支架，尚有待进一步改进与完善。     

Demineralized Bone Matrix Carriers and their Clinical Applications: An Overview

Reconstruction of massive bone defects is challenging for orthopaedic clinicians, especially in cases of severe trauma and resection of tumors in various locales. Autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) is the “gold standard” for bone grafting. However, the limited availability and complications at donor sites resulted in seeking other options like allografts and bone graft substitutes. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a form of allograft using acidic solution to remove mineral components, while leaving much of the proteinaceous components native to bone, with small amounts of calcium‐based solids, inorganic phosphates, and some trace cell debris. It is an osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterial and is approved as a medical device for use in bone defects and spinal fusion. To pack consistently into the defect sites and stay firmly in the filling parts, DBM products have various forms combined with biocompatible viscous carriers, including sponges, strips, injectable putty, paste, and paste infused with chips. The present review aims to summarize the properties of various kind of viscous carriers and their clinical use combined with DBM in commercially available products. Given DBM'mercially available products. Given DBM;s long clinical track record and commercial accessibility in standard forms, opportunities to further develop and validate DBM as a versatile bone biomaterial in orthopaedic repair and regenerative medicine contexts are attractive.     

The Effect of Poloxamer 407-Based Hydrogel on the Osteoinductivity of Demineralized Bone Matrix

Background

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is used for bone healing due to its osteoinductivity, but it requires a carrier for clinical application. Here, we report the effects on the osteoinductivity of DBM by use of a poloxamer 407-based hydrogel as the carrier, compared to sterile water.

Methods

DBM-W and DBM-H represent 27 wt% of DBM with sterile water and DBM with a poloxamer 407-based hydrogel, respectively. Both of the compositions were applied to human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cultures, and monitored for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity. Six 10-week-old athymic nude rats were used for abdominal muscle grafting with either DBM-W or DBM-H, and were tested by plane radiography, microfocus X-ray computed tomography (CT), and decalcified histology to evaluate ectopic bone formation.

Results

The DBM-W group showed stronger ALP staining at 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment, and significantly higher ALP activity at 7 and 14 days of treatment, compared to the DBM-H group. Plane radiography could not confirm the radio-opaque lesions in the rat ectopic bone formulation model. However, ectopic bone formation was observed in both groups by micro-CT. Compared to the DBM-H group, the DBM-W group showed higher bone volume, percent bone volume and trabecular number, and the difference in percent bone volume was statistically significant. Decalcified histology found bony tissue with lamellation in both groups.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that poloxamer 407-based hydrogel has efficacy as a DBM carrier since it shows ectopic bone formation, but its effects on the quality and quantity of osteoblastic differentiation in rat abdominal ectopic bone and MSC are considered negative.     

同种异体脂肪干细胞复合脱钙骨修复大鼠尺骨缺损

目的探讨同种异体脂肪干细胞修复管状骨缺损的可行性。方法获取SD大鼠的腹股沟处脂肪,分离培养脂肪干细胞（Adipose-Derived Stem Cells,ADSCs）;鼠第3代ADSCs与脱钙骨复合,24 h后进行成骨诱导培养。检测细胞在材料表面的生长及成骨分化能力。建立鼠两侧尺骨缺损模型,分别植入鼠ADSCs-脱钙骨复合物（实验侧）和单纯脱钙骨材料（对照侧）;8周、24周后取样,行DR和组织学检测,观察成骨情况。结果 ADSCs能在脱钙骨上很好地黏附和生长,并维持成骨分化能力。细胞-材料复合物植入24周后,DR显示实验侧有新生骨基质长成,对照侧未见骨组织生成。组织学检测显示,实验侧缺损区被典型的骨组织取代,可见新生骨小梁附着于脱钙骨表面;对照侧只有少量的骨组织和纤维组织充填。结论 ADSCs-脱钙骨材料复合物植入,能成功修复临界大小的管状骨缺损。     

Grafting Using Injectable Calcium Sulfate in Bone Tumor Surgery: Comparison with Demineralized Bone Matrix-based Grafting

Background

Injectable calcium sulfate is a clinically proven osteoconductive biomaterial, and it is an injectable, resorbable and semi-structural bone graft material. The purpose of this study was to validate the clinical outcomes of injectable calcium sulfate (ICS) grafts as compared with those of a demineralized bone matrix (DBM)-based graft for filling in contained bony defects created by tumor surgery.

Methods

Fifty-six patients (41 males and 15 females) with various bone tumors and who were surgically treated between September 2003 and October 2007 were included for this study. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups, and either an ICS graft (28 patients) or a DBM-based graft (28 patients) was implanted into each contained defect that was developed by the surgery. The radiographic outcomes were compared between the two groups and various clinical factors were included for the statistical analysis.

Results

When one case with early postoperative pathologic fracture in the DBM group was excluded, the overall success rates of the ICS and DBM grafting were 85.7% (24/28) and 88.9% (24/27) (p > 0.05), respectively. The average time to complete healing was 17.3 weeks in the ICS group and 14.9 weeks in the DBM group (p > 0.05). Additionally, the ICS was completely resorbed within 3 months, except for one case.

Conclusions

Although the rate of resorption of ICS is a concern, the injectable calcium sulfate appears to be a comparable bone graft substitute for a DBM-based graft, with a lower cost, for the treatment of the bone defects created during surgery for various bone tumors.     

Demineralized Bone Matrix Graft: A Scientific and Clinical Case Study Assessment

Osteoinductive demineralized bone matrix results from bone demineralization and is attributed to matrix-associated bone morphogenetic proteins. The osteoinductive potential can vary with donor. Many bioassay methods are available to screen donors, each with its own interpretation, so performance of more than one may be of value. Furthermore, little is known about the relationship between bioassay results and clinical outcomes. A study designed to meaningfully explore these issues would require assay of a large number of donors as well as clinical utilization in a large patient population. A preliminary study was undertaken to gain initial perspective. Using demineralized bone matrix derived from one 33-year-old female donor, 2 methods of bioassay and a clinical case study were performed. The levels of bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 4, and 7 in lyophilized demineralized bone matrix powder were measured (19.65 +/- 0.30 ng/g, 2.49 +/- 0.19 ng/g, and 82.03 +/- 6.89 ng/g, respectively). Also, putty (Osteostim DBM Putty), prepared from powder, was intramuscularly implanted in athymic rats and de novo bone formation quantified (6.7% +/- 3.5% new bone formation with 49% +/- 17% of the implant area associated with new bone formation). The putty, in conjunction with internal fixation, was used in the revision of a medial malleolar nonunion of an obese, 76-year-old woman. Radiographic union with excellent graft incorporation was achieved by 12 weeks postoperatively, with maintenance of an acceptable clinical result during the 14-month follow-up period. These results are interpreted in the broader context of demineralized bone grafting, in general, and an outline for further study is presented.     

去抗原异种松质骨材料的生物相容性研究

目的研究去抗原异种松质骨支架材料的生物相容性,为其在骨缺损修复领域中的临床应用提供实验依据。方法对去抗原异种松质骨支架材料进行急性毒性实验、热源实验、溶血实验、凝血实验、兔肌肉内种植实验和兔桡骨骨缺损修复实验研究。结果去抗原异种松质骨支架材料无毒性、无热源性、不引起溶血和凝血反应,植入兔肌肉后逐渐发生生物降解并被纤维组织取代,兔骨缺损区植入后可被骨组织取代。结论去抗原异种松质骨支架材料具有良好的生物相容性,是理想的骨支架材料。     

胶原凝胶复合骨胶原基质(BCM)负载关节软骨细胞的实验研究

目的 探讨胶原凝胶包埋软骨细胞接种BCM支架的三维培养对软骨细胞生长及功能的影响.方法 将胶原凝胶包埋的关节软骨细胞接种BCM支架并在体外培养,应用倒置相差显微镜和扫描电镜观察软骨细胞的粘附、生长和增殖情况,培养14d,行苏木精-伊红、甲苯胺蓝染色观察软骨组织形成情况.结果 软骨细胞在支架上粘附、生长和增殖良好,体外培养14d能形成较成熟的软骨组织.结论 胶原凝胶复合BCM支架具有良好的细胞相容性,可作为负载生长因子的载体.     

Characterization of Matrix-Induced Osteogenesis in Rat Calvarial Bone Defects: I. Differences in the Cellular Response to Demineralized Bone Matrix Implanted in Calvarial Defects and in Subcutaneous Sites

The cellular and biochemical sequences of osteogenesis induced by implanting demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in rat cranial defects and in subcutaneous sites have been studied by histological, histochemical, and biochemical techniques from days 2 to 28 after implantation. In subcutaneous sites, allogenic DBM induced cartilage cells and matrix for approximately the first 10 days which were subsequently resorbed and replaced by bone with little evidence for the classical endochondral sequence of ossification. In sharp contrast, the first cells that differentiated from the mesenchymal stem cells in the cranial defects were alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positively stained osteoblasts that appeared 3 days after implantation followed by synthesis of bone matrix which calcified shortly thereafter. A few clusters of cartilage cells were observed beginning at days 6–7 which were spatially distinct from the new bone and later resorbed. By day 28 the tissue induced in both the subcutaneous and cranial sites consisted almost solely of bone; however, the total amount of new bone in the subcutaneous implants was significantly less than the mass of bone formed in the calvarial defects. Bovine DBM induced bone formation in rat cranial defects to a very much lesser extent than allogenic DBM. A few cartilage cells were induced by bovine DBM in subcutaneous sites and rapidly resorbed and not replaced with bone. These results clearly indicate that the cellular sequence induced by allogenic and xenogenic DBM and the repair tissues synthesized are distinctly different in the cranial defects from those induced in the subcutaneous sites. Received: 1 September 1998 / Accepted: 15 January 1999     

以骨基质明胶及软骨基质构建一体化纤维环-髓核双相支架的实验研究

 目的 以骨基质明胶和软骨基质构建一体化纤维环-髓核双相支架,并检测其理化性能及细胞相容性。方法 制备中空骨基质明胶环,并注入脱细胞软骨匀浆,经冷冻干燥、交联后制备成一体化纤维环-髓核双相支架。行Hoechst 33258、天狼星红、HE染色,扫描电镜观察支架内部结构,检测支架孔隙率和吸水率,检测双相支架复水后的力学性能。分离山羊纤维环和髓核细胞,接种至双相支架的相应部位,体外培养48 h,扫描电镜、活/死细胞染色评价支架与细胞的生物相容性。结果 镜下Hoechst 33258染色未见细胞残留,天狼星红染色阳性,HE染色示两部分结合紧密。扫描电镜可见支架呈多孔结构,孔隙相连通,纤维环相孔径为(401.4±13.1) μm,髓核相孔径为(112.4±21.8)μm。支架孔隙率为73.37%±2.56%,支架吸水率为655.7%±78.6%。支架压缩弹性模量为(49.06±15.57)kPa,小于正常椎间盘的(135.9±28.9)kPa,但在同一数量级。扫描电镜观察细胞黏附于支架表面,细胞周围有基质分泌,live/dead细胞染色示细胞在支架上活性良好。结论 以天然骨基质明胶和软骨基质构建的一体化纤维环-髓核双相支架,无免疫原性,具有良好的孔径和孔隙率,支架两部分连接处结合紧密,在结构、生化成分及生物力学性能上与椎间盘组织相似,且具有良好的生物相容性。