基于光反馈自混合干涉的任意振动信号重构

阐述了光反馈自混合干涉的原理，基于光反馈自混合干涉效应，设计一种振动信号测量系统。根据光反馈自混合干涉信号的特点建立了自混合干涉振动测量模型，并设计了测量方法及数据处理算法。仿真分析及实验结果验证了测量方法的可行性。该系统的最小分辨力为半导体激光器光波波长的二分之一，最大误差为半导体激光器光波波长的四分之一，可以用于测量任意振动信号。     

基于辨识新算法的电子对抗系统干扰对消

收发同时的电子对抗系统常存在隔离问题,采用自适应滤波器对干扰耦合通路进行辨识,消除接收端耦合干扰,能够有效实现收发隔离.考虑到实际侦察接收机接收的雷达信号、接收机内部引入的噪声信号、发射机和接收机微波放大部分的非线性,因素严重影响自适应滤波器的性能.针对上述情况,给出一种平滑梯度估计的变步长最小均方(least mean square,LMS)算法.仿真结果表明,改进算法同传统变步长LMS算法相比具有相近的收敛速度,但在对抗接收机复杂信号环境上具有显著的优越性能.     

基于FPGA的多通道可见光通信系统的设计与实现

与传统的射频通信方式相比,可见光的频谱资源丰富,且具有较高的安全性。设计的多通道可见光通信系统分为发射端与接收端,基于Verilog HDL语言对发送端的通道分发模块、透传组帧模块、信道码块分割模块以及接收端的透传解帧模块、通道合并模块进行了详细设计,实现了最大支持16路数据同时收发的多通道可见光通信系统。为满足系统的高速通信,设计优化可见光通信的发射/接收系统电路,在发射端采用前级预加重电路,有效补偿了信道损失;在接收端采用由电阻和电容共同构成的T型放大电路来实现对衰减信号的补偿。最后,联合实验平台进行测试,结果表明设计的多通道可见光通信系统传输误码率不大于10-9,单通道传输速率不低于30 Mb/s,此研究有利于提高可见光通信系统的可靠性、高速性。     

DOA估计在MIMO雷达中的应用

MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output多输入多输出)雷达的灵感来自于通信系统中的MIMO技术,即在信号发射端和信号接收端均使用发射正交信号的阵列天线,其空间分集和信号分集特有利于提高雷达在目标特性分析及目标参数估计性能,能极好的解决传统雷达在目标探测上的局限性。DOA(Direction of Arrival)波达方向估计作为阵列信号处理领域的重要的研究方向,其目的就是用于估计信号的空域参数及信源位置。本文MIMO雷达为基点,对DOA估计在MIMO雷达中的应用进行了深入系统的研究,对经典算法进行了仿真。     

统一混沌系统反馈同步及在保密通信中的应用

基于非线性系统的状态线性化理论,设计了一种新的统一混沌系统同步控制器,实现了加密信息信号准确的恢复.首先通过坐标变换,将驱动系统和响应系统分别转化为类规范型系统,然后对两个类规范型系统构造误差方程.根据线性系统极点配置方法设计反馈控制器,从而实现两个混沌系统全部状态同步.进而,在发送端用多个混沌信号对信息信号进行掩盖后传送出去,在接收端对混沌掩盖信号进行解密从而恢复出信息信号.最后进行数字仿真,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

MIMO-MC-CDMA系统分层空时非线性预编码

针对垂直分层空时方案（VBLAST）传统检测存在误层传输效应及复杂度高的问题,提出了一种多用户MIMO-MC-CDMA下行链路系统中基于QR分解的VBLAST非线性模代数预编码算法,该算法首先采用QR分解获得预编码矩阵,然后在发射端MC-CDMA子载波信道间进行非线性模代数THP预编码,可以有效地消除分层空时码的误层传输效应。在接收端采用迫零与最小均方误差准则,降低了下行接收机的复杂度。仿真结果表明,提出的算法比传统检测算法有效改善了系统的误码性能。     

基于非线性预编码的多载波分层空时检测方法*

该文针对多载波分层空时方案传统检测存在误层传输效应及复杂度高的问题,提出了一种基于非线性预编码的多载波分层空时检测方法。该方法首先对反馈信道状态信息采用几何均值分解获得各子信道具有相同等效噪声增益的预编码矩阵,再在发射端多载波CDMA子载波信道间进行非线性模代数THP预编码,可以有效地消除传统分层空时检测的误层传输效应,在接收端分别采用迫零与最小均方误差准则,降低了下行接收机的复杂度。文中对该方法的性能进行分析并仿真,仿真结果表明本文所提出的方法比传统方法有效改善了系统的误码性能,并在一定程度上降低了接收机的复杂度。     

一种广义空间调制系统的低复杂度检测算法

针对广义空间调制(GSM)系统中信号检测复杂度过高的问题,提出一种采用分组检测方式的低复杂度检测算法。首先发送端根据激活天线数对发射天线进行分组,每组激活一根天线用于传输调制符号,然后提出算法基于这种发射天线组合方式,在接收端做相应的分组串行检测。分析和仿真结果表明,该检测算法能以极低的检测复杂度获得与最大似然检测算法(MLD)相近的误比特率(BER)性能。     

基于不完全信道状态信息的预编码算法

针对下行多用户多输入多输出中继系统,提出一种考虑信道估计误差和天线相关的线性预编码算法。在发射端和中继端功率约束条件下,根据最小均方误差准则设计代价函数,通过理论推导求得中继端和发射端的预编码矩阵。接收端的各个用户之间相互独立时,接收端的处理矩阵为对角矩阵,通过直接求导法得到接收端预处理矩阵的闭式解,并设计迭代法联合优化预编码矩阵和接收端的处理矩阵。数值仿真结果表明,与未综合考虑各端口的预编码算法相比,该算法能降低系统的误码率。     

飞思卡尔汽车远程无钥匙进入系统方案和VKSP安全协议

针对日益增长的汽车遥控无钥匙进入系统（RKE）市场,飞思卡尔半导体近期推出了包含硬件和软件安全协议（VKSP）的整体解决方案。 RKE由发射端（遥控钥匙）和集成于车身控制模块中的接收端组成。发射端将用户按键命令通过数据编码、加密和组帧后通过射频发射电路发射,而车内接收端则将接收到的信号通过射频解调、数据解码和帧解密后完成相应车门、车灯控制和报警等用户指令。系统框图如图1。     

A Kushner approach for small random perturbations of the Duffing-van der Pol system

The stochastic version of the Duffing-van der Pol system (SDvdP), which assumes the structure of a non-linear stochastic differential equation, is an appealing and a standard case from the stochastic systems’ point of view, since it involves linear and non-linear vector fields, i.e. system non-linearities, state-independent and state-dependent stochastic accelerations. This paper discusses and explores the efficacy of three non-linear filters, which are developed using the Kushner equation, for the stochastic differential system of concern here. This paper introduces the notion of a qualitative analysis to decide a structure of the observation equation for non-linear stochastic filtering as well.     

A linear differential operator approach to flatness based tracking for linear and non-linear systems

This contribution presents a flatness based solution to the tracking for linear systems in differential operator representation. Since the differential operator representation is a flat system representation, tracking controllers can easily be designed using dynamic output feedback. Then, the differential operator approach for flatness based tracking of linear systems is extended to non-linear systems. The design of the resulting linear time varying dynamic output feedback controller is based on a linearization about the trajectory, which directly yields the differential operator representation. Different from the non-linear flatness based controller design the new approach uses linear methods, both in stabilizing the tracking and in computing the output feedback controller. The proposed design procedure assures exact tracking in the steady state when no disturbances are present. A simple example demonstrates the design of a dynamic output feedback controller for the tracking of a non-linear system.     

Fault-tolerant control for a class of non-linear systems with dead-zone

In this paper, a fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed for a class of single-input and single-output non-linear systems with the unknown time-varying system fault and the dead-zone. The non-linear state observer is designed for the non-linear system using differential mean value theorem, and the non-linear fault estimator that estimates the unknown time-varying system fault is developed. On the basis of the designed fault estimator, the observer-based fault-tolerant tracking control is then developed using the backstepping technique for non-linear systems with the dead-zone. The stability of the whole closed-loop system is rigorously proved via Lyapunov analysis and the satisfactory tracking control performance is guaranteed in the presence of the unknown time-varying system fault and the dead-zone. Numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed backstepping fault-tolerant control scheme for non-linear systems.     

Finite-horizon differential games for missile–target interception system using adaptive dynamic programming with input constraints

In this paper, the problem of intercepting a manoeuvring target within a fixed final time is posed in a non-linear constrained zero-sum differential game framework. The Nash equilibrium solution is found by solving the finite-horizon constrained differential game problem via adaptive dynamic programming technique. Besides, a suitable non-quadratic functional is utilised to encode the control constraints into a differential game problem. The single critic network with constant weights and time-varying activation functions is constructed to approximate the solution of associated time-varying Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs equation online. To properly satisfy the terminal constraint, an additional error term is incorporated in a novel weight-updating law such that the terminal constraint error is also minimised over time. By utilising Lyapunov's direct method, the closed-loop differential game system and the estimation weight error of the critic network are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by using a simple non-linear system and a non-linear missile–target interception system, assuming first-order dynamics for the interceptor and target.     

Dynamic optimization of large scale systems: Case study

We present the analysis of the steady state backoff problem with state and dynamic constraints of a non-linear chemical process described by almost 3000 differential algebraic equations. The dynamic optimization is carried out using a new approach based on an SQP algorithm for semi-infinite non-linear programming problems. The system equations are integrated with an implicit Runge-Kutta method and 'reduced' gradients are evaluated by adjoint equations. The high performance of the algorithm is analysed and compared to fully non-linear programming proposals in which discretized system equations are treated as general non-linear equality constraints.     

基于小波逼近变换的非线性分布参数系统辨识

利用Haar小波正交规范基的微分运算矩阵及其运算性质,将描述一类非线性分布参数系统的偏微分方程转化为代数矩阵方程,结合最小二乘法,确定出待辨识的系统参数,避免了对偏微分方程进行多重积分运算的繁琐;并且,可以不考虑初始条件和边界条件,较其他采用积分运算矩阵的辨识方法要简单得多,简化了分布参数系统辨识的求解过程。该方法简单,计算量小,辨识精度高。仿真结果表明了该算法应用在非线性分布参数系统辨识中的有效性。     

Graphical analysis of a class of non-linear feedback control systems with step input†

The class of systems considered in this investigation is a cascade combination of a linear memory system and a non-linear no-memory system in the forward path of a unity feedback control system. The output of the non-linear no-memory system is assumed to be a polynomial function of the input. Regardless of the exact nature of the non-linearity, the objective of this method of analysis is to predict the behaviour of higher-order non-linear systems with different initial conditions for step inputs.

Two different cascade combinations of linear and non-linear blocks in the forward path are considered. For both configurations a similar non-linear differential equation is obtained for some variable in the system. The non-linear differential equation is further reduced to a first-order equation, explicitly independent of the independent variable, time t. Treating all other coefficients as parameters and eliminating each in turn, finally the required phase-plane trajectory is obtained.     

Accuracy and convergence of a finite element algorithm for laminar boundary layer flow

The Galerkin-weighted residuals formulation is employed to derive an implicit finite element solution algorithm for a generally non-linear initial-boundary value problem. Solution accuracy and convergence with discretization refinement are quantized in several error norms, for the non-linear parabolic partial differential equation system governing laminar boundary layer flow, using linear, quadratic and cubic functions. Richardson extrapolation is used to isolate integration truncation error in all norms, and Newton iteration is employed for all equation solutions performed in double-precision. The mathematical theory supporting accuracy and convergence concepts for linear elliptic equation appears extensible to the non-linear equations characteristic of laminar boundary layer flow.     

Optimal control design for time-varying catalytic reactors: a Riccati equation-based approach

The linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control problem is studied for a partial differential equation model of a time-varying catalytic reactor. First, the dynamical properties of the linearised model are studied. Next, an LQ-control feedback is computed by using the corresponding operator Riccati differential equation, whose solution can be obtained via a related matrix Riccati partial differential equation. Finally, the designed controller is applied to the non-linear reactor system and tested numerically.     

Stability of a feedback controlled distributed system by modal representation

In this work a linear distributed parameter system controlled by a finite number of lumped linear feedback loops is considered. The spatial portion of the system is decomposed using generalized Fourier expansions, and a complex frequency domain transcendental characteristic determinant results.

The theory developed is then applied to the automatic regulation of water flow in a ‘ reach ’ of an open irrigation canal. The dynamics of water flow in the transient state are described by a set of two first-order non-linear partial differential equations. The boundary conditions, governed by the water-flow dynamics under the gate, are also non-linear equations. For this particular system the feedback controller signal originates at the downstream boundary and controls the gates at the ‘ head ’ of the canal.

The stability analysis of the complete closed-loop system is based on perturbation about some steady-state flow conditions which allows for the linearization of the system's non-linear partial differential equations and boundary conditions. Subsequent application of the Nyquist criterion to a modal representation of the distributed parameter portion of the control loop in cascade with the lumped parameter controller yields the stability conditions.