从不锈钢粉尘中选择性提取Cr、Ni和Zn重金属

基于热力学计算结果,通过配碳还原-熔分工艺,从不锈钢粉尘中选择性分步提取了Cr、Ni和Zn重金属元素.配碳还原实验结果表明,不锈钢粉尘的最佳配碳量为20%,粉尘中Fe、Ni和Zn的最低还原温度为1050℃,Cr的最低还原温度是1 400℃,与热力学计算结果一致,通过控制温度实现了对粉尘中金属的选择性分步还原.直接还原熔分实验说明,Fe-Cr合金最佳熔分温度为1550℃,粉尘中金属以Fe-Ni-Cr合金形式被提取出来,渣金分离状况良好,反应时间5min时金属提取率已达到75%左右,15 min时Fe和Cr收得率达到85%以上,Ni超过90%.通过控制配碳量、还原时间与反应温度,在不改变现有工艺的条件下,不锈钢粉尘直接返回炼钢主流程回收其重金属完全可行.     

高炉含锌烟尘还原挥发处理技术

用韦氏炉还原挥发法从高炉废弃烟尘中回收锌,成功产出了含Zn量为50%以上的富锌二次粉尘,可直接用于冶金化工生产,实现了高炉烟尘的无害化和资源化,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

CO还原氧化锌速率的研究

电弧炉粉尘直接还原回收新工艺中,粉尘中的锌被还原挥发进入气相并于收尘系统中被氧化,分离出这部分含锌较高的物料可采用传统的方法回收锌.而含锌物料中ZnO成分不断变化．为探索其还原过程的规律,首先采用化学纯ZnO进行CO还原实验,研究还原过程的有关规律,这一还原反应也是其它冶金过程中常见的和十分重要的反应．经实验研究发现,氧化锌还原速率与CO的浓度和温度有关,在还原温度为910～1200℃,CO浓度控制在15%～100%(体积分数)范围的实验条件下,建立了还原过程的动力学方程,确定了条件恒温下还原过程的动力学参数表观活化能为251.57kJ/mol,并与CO和CO     

含碳球团还原法处理含锌电炉粉尘的试验分析

为综合利用含锌电炉粉尘,提出运用含碳球团的还原处理方法,并进行了扩大性试验,得到了还原焙烧法的合理工艺条件.试验表明:配碳的碳氧比C/O=1.2、还原温度1 150 ℃、料层厚度30 mm、加热时间65 min可取得较好的效果;还原后的球团为半金属化球团,其w(TFe)为50%左右,金属化率60%～70%,球团的残Zn含量在2%以下,是较好的高炉原料;Zn的还原挥发率达到90%左右,收集粉中ZnO含量在90%左右;PbO含量在2%以下,已达到等级氧化锌的标准,实现了含锌电炉粉尘的无害化和资源化利用.     

采用磁选和重选回收废旧电路板中的金属

采用磁选和重选联合工艺回收废旧印刷电路板中Fe、Cu、Al、Pb、Zn、Sn和Ni等金属.结果表明,采用干法磁选工艺,可回收的铁磁性物质约占废旧电路板质量分数的8.23 %,重液分选可使金属与非金属有效分离,采用磁选和重选联合工艺可使Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni和Sn的回收率分别达到约100%、80%、65%、75%、88%和56%.     

海砂矿深度还原-磁选分离实验研究

应用化学分析、扫描电镜观察和X射线衍射分析方法研究海砂矿的基础物性. 采用煤基深度还原-磁选工艺,系统考察矿粉中Fe和Ti的还原分离行为,并明确还原温度、还原时间、碳氧比、磁感应强度和磨矿粒度对还原磁选效果的影响规律. 结果表明:海砂矿主要由钛磁铁矿和钛赤铁矿组成;较优的还原分离工艺参数为还原温度1300℃、还原时间30 min、碳氧摩尔比1. 1、磁感应强度50 mT和磨矿细度-0. 074 mm质量分数86. 34%. 在此工艺条件下,可以获得金属化率94. 23%的还原产物,磁选指标分别达到精矿铁品位97. 19%和尾矿钛品位57. 94%,对应的铁、钛回收率为90. 28%和87. 22%,有效地实现海砂矿中铁钛元素的分离富集.     

浸锌渣综合利用新工艺及镓的富集行为

研究了浸锌渣还原焙烧分选综合回收有价元素新工艺,并采用电子显微镜、能谱仪和扫描电镜等分析了还原焙烧渣中金属的性质.研究结果表明当还原温度为1100 ℃、还原时间为150 min时,还原焙烧渣中铁的金属化率、镓的回收率、锌的挥发率分别为95.10%,89.10%,98.42%.还原焙烧渣经破碎、磨矿、磁选分离获得的磁性产物中含Fe 90.16%,Ga的质量浓度为2164 g/t;Fe,Ga的回收率分别为87.78%,92.42%;还原焙烧渣中金属铁是镓的主要载体矿物相,镓具有明显的亲铁特性;镓在金属铁中的富集是实现浸锌渣在还原焙烧分选过程中高效分离的基础.     

铁酸锌气体还原的热力学分析

根据热力学原理,计算并分析了含锌冶金粉尘中的重要成分ZnFe2 O4在CO- CO2气体还原过程中的热力学行为. ZnFe2 O4的气体还原遵循逐级还原规律,且ZnFe2 O4很容易被CO还原到ZnO和Fe3 O4.较高温度条件下,ZnO的气体还原易于FeO的还原.随着反应温度升高,锌完全反应和挥发所需要的CO含量不断降低,当反应温度从1100 K升高到1400 K时所需的CO体积分数由0.4降低到0.01以下.要达到还原分离金属锌的目的,不必将铁氧化物还原到金属铁,而只需将铁氧化物还原到Fe3 O4或FeO,同时满足锌的还原条件即可.在高炉炉身中上部,由于发生锌的还原反应和内部循环,给高炉生产带来危害,因此应减少和控制高炉的锌负荷.     

氧化还原条件对城市水体沉积物重金属迁移转化的影响

以重金属Zn、Fe为研究对象,选取长风公园内的银锄湖和华东师范大学内的丽娃河的沉积物,通过室内模拟水生植物根际泌氧的周期性变化,研究4种不同氧化还原条件:好氧(+O)、厌氧(-O)、好氧后厌氧(+O→-O)和高度厌氧(--O)对沉积物中重金属迁移转化的影响.结果表明,与厌氧处理相比,好氧处理下银锄湖沉积物中可氧化态Fe比例由5.53%下降至4.60%,可还原态Fe比例由13.77%上升至16.20%,残渣态Fe比例由81.08%上升至83.49%,而且Fe向上清液中的释放量减少;弱酸提取态Zn比例由30.14%下降至29.16%,可还原态Zn比例由25.40%下降至23.90%,可氧化态Zn比例由35.73%下降至32.72%,残渣态Zn比例由32.73%上升至35.92%,最终使得上清液中Zn的含量较低.相关性分析结果表明沉积物中可氧化态和可还原态Fe、Zn存在相关性.本研究将对城市富营养化水体生态恢复过程中的风险分析及评价提供科学依据.     

转底炉处理冶金粉尘工艺的锌钾钠脱除及烟气形成

转底炉直接还原处理钢铁厂冶金粉尘过程中,Zn、K、Na等元素的脱除及烟气形成过程对转底炉工艺实施效果影响很大.采用高温管式炉模拟转底炉工艺条件,用钢铁厂含锌粉尘制成内配碳球团,进行直接还原实验研究,并收集实验过程产生的烟气和二次粉尘,对烟气中的气体成分以及烟气中的二次粉尘进行化学成分、微观结构以及物相组成分析.研究证明:Zn的脱除率可以达到98%,K、Na、Pb的脱除率分别达到80%、88%和85%;烟气中N2、CO、CO2的体积分数分别为71.4%、14.5%和14.1%;烟气中二次粉尘主要物相为ZnO、KCl、Zn5(OH)8CI2H2O、PbO和NaCl,二次粉尘中ZnO含量高达80%,可作为二次锌资源加以利用.在此基础上分析了转底炉直接还原过程中Zn、Ph、K、Na脱除和烟气形成机理.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to