正常人标准胸导联和Mason-Likar胸导联心电图波段定量比较

目的：对我国正常人群标准12导联（标准导联）和Mason-Likar导联系统所记录胸导联心电图的波段进行定量比较。方法：选择84例冠状动脉造影和心脏超声检杏结果均正常者作为研究对象，其均接受标准导联加Mason-Likar导联心电网记录检查，观察2种导联系统胸导联心电图中以下测定值的相关性及差异，包括R波振幅、QRS波振幅、ST段值[J点（ST on）、J点后0．08s（ST80 ms）和终点（ST end）]、ST段斜率及T波振幅。结果：标准导联与Mason-Likar导联系统所记录的胸导联心电图存在良好相关性，但也存在统计学差异（P〈0．001）与标准胸导联相比，Mason-Likar胸导联心电网差异包括部分导联QRS波振幅明显降低、ST段显著下移伴V1～V0导联T波振幅下降，V1导联中各波段降低均较显著（P均〈0．001）；Mason-Likar各胸导联中ST段的降低幅度均超过同一导联QRS波和T波的幅度改变,以V6导联变化最显著。平均体重指数（BMI）与V1、V3导联QRS波振幅的改变呈负相关：V1、V2导联ST80ms与T波振幅、QRS波振幅的改变呈正相关。结论：标准导联与Mason-Likar导联系统所记录心电图波段有一定差异。     

肥厚型心肌病心电图长期随访对比分析一例

患者男,42岁,十余年前自述平时无任何不适,偶然体检时做心电图检查发现异常。心电图(图1)示:Ⅰ、V3～V6导联均呈rS波,aVL呈Qr波,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF呈Rs波,V1、V2导联呈高R波;QRS波时限0.08s;电轴右偏+120°;Rv1+Sv5=2.8mV、RaVR>0.5mV,R/SV5<1;V1VAT=0.04s。ST段V1、V2凹形上抬,T波Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V3导联倒置、V1、V2正负双向,余直立。     

高血压特发性肥厚性主动脉下狭窄18例心电图分析

目的 :探讨高血压特发性肥厚性主动脉下狭窄 (IHSS)心电图特征。方法 :回顾性分析 1986～ 2 0 0 0年收治的 18例高血压IHSS患者的资料。结果 :心电图显示V1,aVR导联T波直立 ;Ⅰ ,Ⅱ ,Ⅲ ,aVL ,aVF ,V3 ～V6导联T波倒置 0 4～ 1 0mV。 8例ST段呈凸面下移 0 0 5～ 0 2mV。 14例胸导联V3 ～V6R波之和 >6 5mV ,8例有Q波 (多见Ⅱ ,Ⅲ ,aVF ,aVL导联 ) ,仅 3例有室性早搏。结论 :V1,aVRT波直立 ,V3 ～V6T波深倒置及R波之和 >6 5mV ,对高血压IHSS临床初诊及筛选具有一定实用价值。     

12导联动态心电图与平板运动试验对冠心病的诊断价值

目的:探讨12导联动态心电图(AECG)与平板运动试验(TET)对冠心病的诊断价值.方法:选择64例可疑冠心病患者,在行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查前行AECG与TET检查.以CAG结果作为标准,分析TET与AECG两种检查方法对冠心病的诊断价值,以及两者联合使用对冠心病的诊断价值.结果:AECG检出冠脉病变的敏感性为66%,特异性58%;TET敏感性78%,特异性41%;AECG和TET并联使用时敏感性为91%,较单项AECG、TET试验有显著提高(P ＜ 0.05),串联使用特异性88%,较单项AECG、TET试验有显著提高(P ＜ 0.05).结论:单独行TET或AECG检查对冠心病诊断的敏感性和特异性相对较低,两者联合诊断可明显提高上述两项指标.     

体表心电图对急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关动脉及闭塞部位的预测价值

目的：探讨体表心电图(ECG)对 ST 段抬高性急性下壁心肌梗死(IAMI)患者梗死相关动脉及闭塞部位的预测价值。方法选择 ST 段抬高性 IAMI 患者95例,记录入院时18导联 ECG,并行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,按照冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果进行分析。结果 ST Ⅲ抬高>STⅡ预测右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞的敏感度和特异度分别为93.4%、73.7%;ST V3/Ⅲ≤1.2、ST aVL 下移>STⅠ预测 RCA 闭塞的敏感度分别为88.2%和92.1%;而 ST V3R-V5R 抬高判断 RCA 闭塞的特异度为100%;ST V3/Ⅲ<0.5预测 RCA 近段闭塞的敏感度为86.7%;ST V4R 抬高判断 RCA 近段闭塞的特异度为93.5%,ST Ⅲ抬高≤ STⅡ判断左回旋支(LCX)闭塞的敏感度和特异度分别为73.7%和93.4%,ST V2压低>0.15 mV 预测 LCX 近段闭塞的敏感度为87.5%。结论体表心电图Ⅲ、V3、V4R、aVL 导联 ST 段改变对预测 RCA 闭塞有价值,而 ST V2压低有助于预测 LCX 闭塞。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断左室后侧壁巨大室壁瘤1例

患者男，74岁。因胸闷胸痛1周入院就诊。检查：叩诊心界扩大。听诊胸骨左缘心尖处闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音、心电图：ST段V5～V7导联下移大于0．1mv，T波I、aVL、Ⅱ、V6～V9导联倒置，Ⅲ、V1～V5、aVR导联直立，aVF导联平。QRS泼于V5、V6导联为qR型，提示陈旧性左室侧壁、后壁心肌梗死。行超声心动图检查（GE-Vivid 7渗断仪）：左房左室明显扩大，以左室扩大为甚，左房内径（4.1cm）,左室内径（8.3cm），克室长轴切面、乳头肌短轴切面、心尖四腔切面均可见左室后壁、侧壁室壁心肌变薄，纤维化，明显向外膨出，     

吲达帕胺致心电图T波改变误诊为冠心病

1病例资料 男,53岁。因体检诊断为冠心病2月余入院。患者2个月前单位体检行心电图检查示：窦性心律,心率84／min;I、Ⅱ、aVL、V4-V6导联T波低平,T波顶部微凹或呈双峰;Ⅲ、aVF导联T波双相,aVR导联T波平坦;V1～V3导联T波直立,但V3导联T波的振幅较V1、V2明显偏低;Q-T间期为0．36s。     

美托洛尔注射液转复室上性心动过速并发心绞痛1例

女，76岁。因阵发性胸痛3d、加重1h入院。既往高血压史8年，无糖尿病史。入院查体：P140次／min，BP120／80mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)；心电图示阵发性室上性心动过速，ST段于V2～V5导联弓背上抬0．2～0．4mV，T波于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVL及aVF导联倒置。临床诊断：①冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病，急性广泛前壁心肌梗死，阵发性室上性心动过速，心功能Ⅰ级(KiLLip分级)。     

室性期前收缩揭示急性心肌梗死合并完全性右束支传导阻滞

1 病例报告 患者,男,54岁,因胸骨后疼痛2小时伴气急、出汗来院就诊,BP 135/90mmHg,心率86次/分,心电图见频发室性早搏二联律,V1导联室性早搏呈QR型,V2、V3、Ⅱ导联呈QS型,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V1～5ST段导联抬高0.1～0.5mV,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段弓背向上,胸导联T波异常高耸,V3达2.2mV,肢体导联QRS电压低下.室性早搏波形显现急性下壁、前壁心肌梗死图形(见图1).收住院后查心电图见Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V1～5导联异常Q波和QS型,V1导联呈qR型,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVR、aVL、V5、V6导联QRS终末波粗钝,其中Ⅱ、V1～3导联图形与图1室性早搏图形相似(见图2).血心肌酶谱升高,诊断为急性下壁、前壁心肌梗死,完全性右束支传导阻滞.经过治疗,患者病情好转.查心电图见完全性右束支传导阻滞消失,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V1～4导联呈QS型.T波振幅下降,ST段尚未明显回降(见图3),数周后患者自感良好,要求出院,继续门诊随访.     

同步12导联动态心电图联合螺旋CT可提高对冠脉血管病变程度的诊断效能

目的研究同步12导联动态心电图（AECG）联合螺旋CT对冠脉血管病变程度的诊断效能。方法选择本院2018年4月~ 2020年8月诊治的90例冠心病患者作为研究对象,均在本院接受螺旋CT和AECG检查,根据患者冠脉血管病变程度将患者分为A组（单支病变）和B组（多支病变）。以冠状动脉造影为金标准,分析比较两种方法联合对冠脉血管病变程度的诊断价值。结果两组患者心率、房室性早搏、房速、室速比较无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,但A组患者ST、ST/HR均显著低于B组（P < 0.05）;A组钙化积分明显低于B组（P < 0.05）;ST、ST/HR以及钙化积分均与冠脉病变程度呈正相关（P < 0.05）;AECG联合螺旋CT诊断冠脉血管的诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率以及阳性、阴性预测值均高于单一诊断（P < 0.05）。结论ST、ST/HR以及钙化积分变化均与冠脉血管病变密切相关,将同步12导联AECG与螺旋CT联合可提高对冠脉血管病病变程度的诊断效能。      

十二导联心电图对左主干病变导致急性冠状动脉综合征的诊断价值

目的探讨十二导联心电图对左主干病变导致急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）的诊断价值。方法37例ACS患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为A组（左主干病变导致ACS组）17例和B组（左前降支近段病变导致ACS组）20例,2组患者胸痛发作时均行十二导联心电图检查,分析冠状动脉病变血管与相应心电图变化的关系。结果A组在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6导联上相应ST段压低的发生率高于B组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。A组ST段在aVR、V1导联抬高并aVF、V2、V4导联压低发生率高于B组（P〈0．05）。结论十二导联心电图上aVR、V1导联ST段抬高并aVF、V2、V4导联压低对ACS患者左主干病变有较好的阳性预测价值。     

Electrocardiographic Identification of Mid-Septal Accessory Pathways in Close Proximity to the Atrioventricular Conduction System

In order to identify ECG characteristics of overt midseptal accessory pathways (APs) predictive of close proximity to the AV conduction system we analyzed data from patients who underwent successful RF catheter ablation of a mid-septal AP, Mean patient age was 31 ± 16 years, and 13 were male. The 40° right anterior oblique view was used to divide the mid-septal area into 3 zones: 1 (anteriorportion); 2 (intermediate); and 3 (posterior portion). The 12-lead ECG was analyzed with regard to delta wave polarity and R/S transition in the precordial leads. The findings from patients ablated at zone 3 were compared to those at zones 1 and 2. All patients had a positive delta wave in the leads I, II, aVL, and negative delta wave in the leads III and aVR. The R/S transition occurred in lead V₂ in 80% of patients. The delta wave in lead aVF was the only ECG characteristic that correlated with the AP ablation zone. Six of 8 patients ablated at zone 3 had a negative delta wave in lead aVF while 6 out of 7 patients ablated at zone 1 or 2 had a positive or isoelectric delta wave in lead aVF (P = 0.03). A positive or isoelectric delta wave in lead aVF identifies mid-septal AP in close proximity to the AV conduction system.     

体表心电图V1和aVL/aVR导联对房室结折返性心动过速的诊断价值

目的探讨体表心电图V1联合aVL或aVR导联对房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的诊断价值。方法143例窄QRS心动过速患者的体表心电图,含窦性心律和心动过速心电图。由两位未知心动过速类型的心电生理医师进行诊断,记录包括V1导联假r′波、aVL导联末端切迹、心动过速RP′间期≥100 ms等指标,心动过速类型由心内电生理检查确定。结果AVNRT患者年龄较大(P<0.01),女性较多(72.4% vs 50.0%,P<0.01)。aVL导联末端切迹对于诊断AVNRT具有较高敏感度（60.9%）和特异度（89.3%）,高于传统V1导联假r′和下壁导联假s波（P均小于0.05）;联合V1导联假r′和aVL导联末端切迹或aVR导联假r′波明显提高AVNRT诊断敏感度至78.2%和74.7%,而阳性预测值无明显降低。RP′间期≥100 ms诊断顺向型房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)具有较高敏感度和特异度(敏感度69.6%, 特异度87.4%),联合aVR导联ST段J点后80 ms下斜型抬高超过1.5 mV指标,明显提高AVRT诊断敏感度（89.2%）。结论体表心电图V1和aVL或aVR导联可提高AVNRT诊断价值。     

Localization of precise origin of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia from the right ventricular outflow tract by a 12-lead ECG: a study of pace mapping using a multielectrode "basket" catheter

Radiofrequency catheter ablation guided by pace-mapping techniques has proven effective in eliminating idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). A method for rapidly identifying the origin of VT from 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) findings would be helpful for the catheter ablation procedure. The purpose of this study is to precisely localize the origin of idiopathic VT from the RVOT by a 12-lead ECG from a study of multipoint pace mapping. In one patient with premature ventricular complex (PVC) and 3 with VT, a "basket" catheter was deployed in the RVOT for bipolar pacing from 56 sites in the endocardium of RVOT. Under fluoroscopy the pacing sites were classified into the septum and free wall. We investigated the QRS morphology in leads, I, II, and III; the depth of the QS wave in leads aVR and aVL; and the height of the initial r wave in leads V1 and V2. Pacing was captured in 30-47 of 56 sites (54%-84%). As the pacing sites changed from the anterior to posterior of the septum, the QS notch (-) type in lead I shifted through rs to R, while a shift from R type to rR' or Rr' was noted in leads II and III. As the pacing sites changed from the anterior to posterior of the free wall, lead I showed a shift from the QS notch (+) type to R, while a shift from rR' to Rr' (or rR' unchanged) was found in leads II and III. The depth of the QS wave in leads aVR and aVL showed a tendency for aVR to be deeper than aVL toward the posterolateral attachment of both the septum and free wall, whereas aVL tended to be deeper than aVR toward the anterior attachment. The initial r waves in V1 and V2 became greater as the pacing site was positioned at a higher or more posterior location. These findings may provide more precise and clinically useful diagnostic information on the site of the origin of idiopathic VT originating from the RVOT by a 12-lead ECG.     

急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点分析

目的 分析研究急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点. 方法 将急性下壁心肌梗死患者100例根据冠状动脉造影结果分为两组:76例为右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞(A组),24例为左回旋支冠状动脉(LCX)闭塞(B组). 结果 心电图ST段抬高STⅢ>STⅡ及ST段压低STAVL>ST I A组显著高于B组(均P<0.05);ST段抬高STⅢ0.1 mV A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);胸前导联V1～6ST段压低患者中,合并左前降支冠状动脉(LAD)病变的患者显著高于胸前导联V1～6ST段无压低者(P<0.05);左心室射血分数(LVEF)A组[(51±14)%]显著低于B组[(57±10)%](P<0.05);合并右心室心肌梗死A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);急性下壁心肌梗死患者总的住院病死率6%,均为A组,但心源性休克、心力衰竭、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,室性心动过速/心室颤动及住院病死率,两组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);死亡者中心源性休克占83.3%. 结论 心电图Ⅲ、Ⅱ、I、AVL、及V4R导联ST段变化能预测急性下壁心肌梗死相关血管,急性下壁心肌梗死患者伴胸前导联ST段压低提示LAD病变,RCA闭塞所致下壁心肌梗死LVEF低于LCX闭塞者,心源性休克为死亡主要原因.     

Intravenous administration of class I antiarrhythmic drug induced T wave alternans in an asymptomatic Brugada syndrome patient

A 53-year-old man with an abnormal ECG was referred to the Nihon University School of Medicine. The 12-lead ECG showed right bundle branch block and saddleback-type ST elevation in leads V1-V3 (Brugada-type ECG). Signal-averaged ECG showed positive late potentials. Double ventricular extrastimuli (S1: 500 ms, S2: 250 ms, S3: 210 ms) induced VF. Amiodarone (200 mg/day) was administered for 6 months and programmed ventricular stimulation was repeated. VF was induced again by double ventricular stimuli (S1: 600 ms, S2: 240 ms, S3: 170 ms). Intravenous administration of class Ic antiarrhythmic drug, pilsicainide (1 mg/kg), augmented ST-T elevation in leads V1-V3, and visible ST-T alternans that was enhanced by atrial pacing was observed in leads V2 and V3. Visible ST-T wave alternans disappeared in 15 minutes. However, microvolt T wave alternans was present during atrial pacing at a rate of 70/min without visible ST-T alternans.     

标准12导联心电图与标准监护Ⅱ导联监测心肌缺血对照研究

目的评价标准12导联心电图与标准监护Ⅱ导联监测心肌缺血的有效性和敏感性。方法以标准12导联心电图作为判断心肌缺血的标准,将50例有ST段改变的心脏病患者设为病例组,45例无ST段改变的心脏病患者设为非病例组,比较标准12导联与标准监护Ⅱ导联心电图心肌缺血检出率。结果50例经标准12导联心电图发现存在心肌缺血的患者,同时经标准监护Ⅱ导联检测仅发现15例患者存在心肌缺血,差异有极显著性（χ^2=53．846,P〈0．01）,且标准监护Ⅱ导联心电图出现心肌缺血改变假阳性率为11．1％。结论标准监护Ⅱ导联心电图并不能有效发现心肌缺血,在l临床监护中需同时描记标准12导联心电图。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者心电图和相应病变血管的关系分析

目的 确定十二导联心电图上相应ST段压低与急性左主干病变的关系。方法 选取2003-06—2006-06因左主干或左前降支病变进行PCI手术的79例患者，18例是由于急性左主干闭塞或高度狭窄引起的急性冠状动脉综合征，61例是由于左前降支冠状动脉病变引起的急性冠状动脉综合征，分析病变血管和相应心电图变化的关系。结果 急性左主干闭塞或高度狭窄患者在aVF、v2、v3、v4、v5和v6导联上相应ST段压低的发生率明显高于左前降支冠状动脉病变患者。多元线性分析表明，在aVF、V2和v4导联上ST段压低可能区分左前降支病变与左主干病变。结论 在十二导联心电图上V2、V4、aVF导联ST段压低，对急性左主干闭塞或高度狭窄是重要的预测指标。     

Electrocardiographic algorithms for predicting the complexity of coronary artery lesions in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in ED

Objective

In reperfusion strategy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), emergency surgical bypass grafting might be considered for patients with significant multivessel coronary diseases complicated by cardiogenic shock. The culprit lesions in STEMI can be predicted from electrocardiographic (ECG) findings. However, whether the complexity of coronary artery lesions in STEMI can be predicted from characteristic ECG findings remained unclear.

Materials and Methods

The initial 12-lead ECG parameters in each lead recording from patients with STEMI receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention within 12 hours were retrospectively analyzed. A sequential ECG algorithm was developed to predict the complexity of coronary artery lesions.

Results

In patients with inferior wall STEMI, the presence of the following 2-step criteria indicated 3-vessel disease (3VD), with a sensitivity of 92.1% and a specificity of 81.8%: (1) ST depression or flat T wave in leads V₅ or V₆; and (2) ST elevation of more than 2 mm in at least 1 of II, III, aVF, or Q (loss of septal r) without ST elevation in aVR. In patients with anterior wall STEMI, the following criteria indicated 3VD: (1) ST elevation of more than 4 mm in at least 1 of the precordial leads and combined with QRS interval of more than 120 ms; then (2) a flat T wave over aVR, or aVL combined with flat T wave ST depression over lead I or Q wave over all leads II, III, and aVF. This algorithm detects patients with 3VD with a sensitivity of 76.5% and a specificity of 100%. However, when the whole algorithm is completed, the sensitivity can reach up to 88.4% and the specificity can still be 100%.

Conclusion

By using this ECG algorithm, 3VD might be distinguished early from single-vessel disease in patients with STEMI for appropriate reperfusion strategy.