基于线性偏振光子对学说的数学建模与仿真

北京大学学者猜想单个光子只有左旋光子、右旋光子两种.一个左旋光子与一个右旋光子可以组成一个线性偏振光子对.在合理假设基础上,从光的波粒二象性的认识出发,基于这种猜想分别对双缝干涉、单缝衍射、多缝衍射等实验建立光子的运动方程,利用复数积分法得到相应的光强分布模型.并用Matlab软件进行数学仿真,得到猜想的实验结果与波恩的实验结果相符合.     

基于光的波粒二象性猜想的数学仿真

从现有的经典物理光学理论和专业实验结果出发,运用数学思维,综合光子理论,建立了基于光的波粒二象性猜想的四种数学模型.针对光微子碰撞猜想,建立了基于光子碰撞后概率分布的模型.针对光子作为电磁场自我旋转的猜想,分别从专业证明和数学模型分析方面建立了电磁场偏转模型和光子旋转模型.最后建立了我们自己的猜想模型——光子蜂窝网络模型.该模型引入了"光子域"、"光子电力"、"光子磁力"、"光子键"等概念,从五个子模型出发,定性解释了四个光学现象,合理回答了题目提出的三大问题,并定量证明了衍射光强分布.     

光的波粒二象性探索

光具有波粒二象性,但很难从光的某一特定现象中同时看到这两种性质.如果能用粒子性解释波动性,光的两种性质就能得到完美的统一.分别对龚祖同光子模型、前进电磁场光子模型进行数学建模和MATLAB仿真,并与已有的实验结果比较.发现两个模型都存在不足,进而提出改进的光子模型,从粒子的角度,对展现光的波动性质的干涉、衍射以及偏振现象进行解释.     

光子结构猜想的仿真验证

从龚祖同院士的类氢光子结构模型和北大学者的电磁场粒子模型出发,提出了等效作用和动态光子层的概念,并在此基础上,利用蒙特卡罗法和伽尔顿板法,对光的干涉、衍射现象进行了定量分析和仿真实验,验证了光子结构猜想的正确性.     

数学实验在教学中的应用

<正>数学实验是指在典型的环境或特定的条件下,为了获得某些数学知识,形成或检验某个数学猜想,解决某类数学问题,运用有关工具(如纸张、模型、作图工具、计算机等),在数学思维活动的参与下进行的一种以实际操作为特征的数学探究或验证活动.在初中数学教学中恰当地引入数学实验是引导学生发现问题、提出猜想、验证猜想和创造性地解决问题的有效途径.它对增长学生的知识和提高学生的能力起到了非常重要的作用,也是当前大力实施新课程改革的需要.     

开展初中数学实验教学的价值和意义

《全日制义务教育数学课程标准》(2011)指出:学生的数学学习内容“要有利于学生主动进行观察、试验、猜测、验证、推理与交流等数学活动”,并强调学生“动手实践”是一种重要的学习方式,和任何自然科学一样,观察、试验、发现、猜想是学习数学不可或缺的实践.数学实验是指为了获得某些数学知识,形成或验证某个数学猜想,解决某类数学问题,运用有关工具(如纸张、模型、测量工具、作图工具以及计算机等),在数学思维活动的参与下进行的一种以学生参与实际操作为特征的数学验证或探究活动.数学实验有别于其他学科实验,它所面对的是数量关系和空间形式等“材料”,基本目的是让学生通过实验,发现、验证和丰富自己的数学认知.因此,数学不仅是严格的逻辑体系,也是一门“实验科学”.     

浅谈高中“数学实验”教学的教学设计

从五个方面入手对高中"数学实验"教学的教学设计进行探讨,包括:创设情境、明确目标;动手实验;验证规律或提出猜想;验证猜想;反思、体验、提高.     

基于光子结构猜想的波动性现象建模仿真研究

综合龚祖同院士的光子类氢原子结构论和北大俎栋林教授的光子电磁场结构论,提出了两种结构相统一的理论猜想.基于猜想对单缝衍射、双缝干涉以及多缝干涉中光强与光子尺度、细缝宽度等参数的关系进行建模,并以双缝干涉为例进行了仿真实验.通过实验结果与经典波动光学中光强分布的对比,验证了模型的合理性.     

光子结构的猜想及其数学仿真

通过研究光的波粒二象性,对光子结构进行了研究并提出了自建光子模型.自建光子模型具有以下特性:①光子与原子核存在引力作用;②光子的电场与磁场交替变换使其具备了相位效应,且光强由光子数与光子相位和两个因素决定.在此基础上,通过借鉴天体物理中关于二体运动的三种轨迹,利用其中结论对大量原子核的引力作用进行概率分析,使用中心极限定理提出出射角度基本符合高斯分布的假设.接着对光子的相位叠加效应进行了分析.最后,对大量光子进行模拟仿真,并将仿真结果与单缝衍射、双缝干涉、多缝干涉现象等实验现象进行了对比.     

谈谈数学猜想

《数学课程标准》要求学生要有一定的数学猜想、验证的能力.近几年各地市中考试题中都有考查学生猜想能力的题目.究竟什么是数学猜想?我们如何进行数学猜想呢?当代深负众望的美国数学家G·波利亚教授指出:“数学的创造过程是与任何其他知识的创造过程一样的,在证明一个数学定理之前,你先得猜测这个定理的内容,在你完全做出详细证明之前,你先得推测证明的思路,你先得把观察到的结果加以综合,然后加以类比.你得一次又一次地进行尝试.”这段话告诉我们,数学教科书中那些精辟的结论,深刻的定理,巧妙的证法,不是从天上掉下来     

A new solution for the two-slit experiment

A completely new mathematical solution of the two-slit experiment is given. The corresponding physical model suggests, for the first time, that the wave-particle duality is simply an expression of the non-classical topology and geometry of quantum spacetime when projected into our 3 + 1 Euclidean space.

However if we disregard the topological cause of the projected behaviour and concentrate only on what is the case, then the observed wave-particle behaviour may be regarded as a physical realization of Gödel’s undecidability theorem.

The essence of the present solution may be summarized in the following statement: If we could perform the two-slit experiment in a laboratory of a size comparable to that of an elementary particle, the wave-particle duality would cease to exist. It is remarkable that we do not assume quantum mechanics but end up confirming its results.     

Qualitative model of the atom,its components and origin in the early universe

This paper is the first qualitative model of the atom and its components as well as its origin in our early universe. The atom’s components–proton, neutron (with its neutrino) and electron–are built on the prima, units of visible matter. Their qualitative models are obtained using some laws of nature. They yield new information such as the mass of the neutrino and how heavy isotopes of an atom form as well as the arrangement of the nucleons. It clarifies some presently unresolved issues such as what happens in thermonuclear explosion and whether it can be controlled to generate energy. It also explains the wave-particle duality of the primum and photon, metal fatigue, matter-anti-matter interaction and brittle and malleable materials and reviews the early phase of the development of our universe beyond the formation of the first atom up to its rapid formation at the present time in the Cosmos and tissues of living organisms.     

Metalogical Decorations of Logical Diagrams

In recent years, a number of authors have started studying Aristotelian diagrams containing metalogical notions, such as tautology, contradiction, satisfiability, contingency, strong and weak interpretations of (sub)contrariety, etc. The present paper is a contribution to this line of research, and its main aims are both to extend and to deepen our understanding of metalogical diagrams. As for extensions, we not only study several metalogical decorations of larger and less widely known Aristotelian diagrams, but also consider metalogical decorations of another type of logical diagrams, viz. duality diagrams. At a more fundamental level, we present a unifying perspective which sheds new light on the connections between new and existing metalogical diagrams, as well as between object- and metalogical diagrams. Overall, the paper studies two types of logical diagrams (viz. Aristotelian and duality diagrams) and four kinds of metalogical decorations (viz. those based on the opposition, implication, Aristotelian and duality relations).     

Quantum Mechanics on Manifolds

In this paper, we investigate the relationships between quantum mechanics and the theory of partial differential equations. We closely follow the De Broglie and Schrödinger picture. Namely, we consider the well-known wave-particle duality as a relation between solutions of partial differential equations, describing waves, and singularities of solutions, that is particles. Our analysis of these relations shows that the necessary ingredients of any quantum mechanical picture are two connections. The first one is a connection in the tangent bundle of the configuration manifold and the second one is a connection in the trivial linear bundle.We also consider mechanical systems equipped with an inner structure and show that quantization of these systems requires a linear connection in the corresponding vector bundle.These are gravity and electromagnetic fields, or Yang–Mills fields if the configuration space is the Minkowski space. In the case of general mechanical systems, they should be considered as natural generalizations of these fields.Explicit formulas for quantizations of some mechanical systems and the corresponding star-products are given.     

Regarding the accuracy of optimal eighth-order methods

It is widely known that when the order of root solvers increases, their accuracy comes up as well. In light of this, most of the researchers in this field of study have tried to increase the order of known schemes for obtaining optimal three-step eighth-order methods in which there are four evaluations per iteration. The aim of this article is to challenge this standpoint when the starting points are in the vicinity of the root, but not so close. Toward this end, a novel method of order six with the same number of evaluations per iteration is suggested and demonstrated while its accuracy is better than the accuracy of optimal eighth-order schemes for such initial guesses. The superiority of the developed technique is confirmed by numerical examples.     

Turbulent shock waves in a collisionfree plasma

The paper deals with the structure of collisionless shocks arising from turbulent wave-particle interactions. The conditions under which wave-particle interaction effects could become significant leading to growing waves and a shock are discussed. Using the Mott-Smith expression for the zero-order distribution functions for the ions within the shock, the dielectric constant as well as the integral representing the wave-particle interaction term in the Lenard-Balescu equation are evaluated for a collisionless plasma. An expression is given for the ion distribution function within the shock. It is shown that the component of the pressure tensor perpendicular to the direction of flow of the plasma leads to a new kind of viscosity term arising from the interaction of the particles with the growing waves and this provides a dissipative mechanism to account for the conversion of the kinetic energy of the incoming plasma into the thermal energy of the hot ionised gas behind the shock.     

On zero duality gap in surrogate constraint optimization: The case of rational-valued functions of constraints

This paper is concerned with the constrained optimization problem. A detailed discussion of surrogate constraints with zero duality gaps is presented. Readily available surrogate multipliers are considered that close the duality gaps where constraints are rational-valued. Through illustrative examples, the sources of duality gaps are examined in detail. While in the published literature, in many situations conclusions have been made about the existence of non-zero duality gaps, we show that taking advantage of full problem information can close the duality gaps. Overlooking such information can produce shortcomings in the research in which a non-zero duality gap is observed. We propose theorems to address the shortcomings and report results regarding implementation issues.