Spectrally Efficient Digital Transmission Using Analog FM Radios

This paper explores the feasibility of using 4 level FM to enable digital transmission with a spectrum efficiency on the order of two bits per cycle of transmitted bandwidth when used with Frequency Modulated (FM) radios. A hybrid computer simulation was used to assess the compatibility of 4 level FM with the transfer characteristics of commercial FM radios and also to evaluate the performance of 4 level FM modulation under conditions of radio misalignment. It is shown that 4 level FM is able to provide good spectral efficiency without requiring modification or replacement of most current FM radios, It is also shown that 4 level FM performance is relatively insensitive to the transmission degradations typically encountered in fielded systems.     

Effects of Pulse Shaping and Soft Decisions on the Performance of Digital FM with Discriminator Detection

Band-limited digital FM systems employing discriminator detection are analyzed. The error-rate performance of binary FM with premodulation shaping and duobinary FM with the same occupied bandwidth are compared. At bandwidths above 1.1 times the bit rate, it is found that binary FM gives a lower error rate than duobinary FM. For binary FM to meet lower bandwidth requirements, frequency deviation ratios below 0.4 times the bit rate must be used. At these low deviations, binary FM does not perform as well as duobinary FM with the same bandwidth. In addition, if a more complex receiver is used which makes use of Viterbi decoding after the discriminator, the performance can be made better than binary FM even at the larger occupied bandwidths.     

带内数模混叠同播中的OFDM对FM的干扰分析

OFDM与FM带内数模混叠同播是中国发展数字调频的一项重要候选技术,评估OFDM对FM解调的影响是选择OFDM与发射功率比的重要参考依据.在给出了三种常见调频解调算法公式的基础上,通过仿真评估了OFDM对FM解调失真度和信噪比的影响.仿真结果表明,在OFDM与FM发射功率比高于-11 dB时发生明显的捕获效应.     

On Some Thedretical Considerations for RF Transmission of Quadraphonic Sound

Present proposed FM quadraphonic transmission systems are shown to be narrow-band FM schemes. Hence, the FM noise improvement properties of mono-FM transmission are not realizable. On theoretical grounds, it is shown that 1) there exists a compatible quadraphonic scheme that preserves the wide-band FM properties of stereophonic FM, 2) allows two additional channels of information to be impressed upon the carrier, and 3) offers a 4.7 db improvement in quadraphonic transmission as compared to the presently pro-proposed FM quadraphonic schemes.     

调频同步广播相关技术研究

通过大功率调频广播、调频同步广播两种覆盖方式的比较,证明了调频同步广播的技术优越性,同时介绍了调频同步广播的技术标准、系统组成及实施要点。     

Ferromagnetic microstructure in double exchange manganites

Ferromagnetic (FM) microstructures in double-exchange manganites, La0.825Sr0.175MnO3, were examined by low-temperature Lorentz microscopy. It was found that the FM domains with the stripe pattern were in the FM metallic phase of La0.825Sr0.175MnO3. The FM insulator phase induced by the substitution of Al ions for Mn in La0.825Sr0.175MnO3 was characterized as a complex mixture of the characteristic FM domains, which consists of three types of FM domains: the stripe domains, the plate-shaped domains and the complicated wavy domains. It is suggested that this mixture of different types of FM domains breaks the coherence of the electric conductivity and gives rise to the insulating character in Al doped La0.825Sr0.175MnO3.     

The high-speed limit of FM response in semiconductor lasers

The high-speed frequency modulation (FM) response has been investigated through rate equation analysis. The intrinsic limit of FM response has been found to be given by the product of FM efficiency, η_FM, and the FM bandwidth, B. This relation shows that a wide FM bandwidth means a small FM efficiency. Although the FM efficiency changes with the differential gain or the nonlinear gain coefficient, η_FMB is almost constant. The value of η _FMB was about 5 GHz²/mA for 1.5-μm InGaAsP/InP lasers with 300-μm cavity length. This limit has been confirmed experimentally     

噪声调频干扰对脉冲压缩雷达的影响分析

噪声调频干扰是一种广泛使用的噪声干扰技术,通过分析噪声调频干扰信号产生原理,用Matalb仿真了在单目标和多目标情况下,噪声调频干扰对脉冲压缩雷达的影响。给出的仿真结果表明,噪声调频干扰对LFM脉冲压缩雷达具有较强的干扰作用。     

A theoretical and experimental study of noise and distortion in thereception of FM signals

A mathematical model is developed that can be used to analyze the effects of multipath on any modulation of an FM carrier. The predictions of this model are verified by simulation and by actual field testing. The model is used to analyze the existing FM stereo system and the proposed FMX system. The analysis, confirmed by field tests in over 15 000 locations, shows that FMX transmission significantly degrades reception on existing FM stereo receivers and that FMX receivers are inferior to FM stereo receivers for receiving FMX transmissions     

Digital audio broadcasting in the FM band by means of contiguous band insertion and precanceling techniques

A low-complexity method of linearly combining an analog frequency-modulation (FM) signal with a low-level multitone signal for simultaneous broadcasting of digital data and analog FM is proposed and evaluated. The analog FM signal can be recovered with a standard FM receiver. The digital multitone signal is added symmetrically at the band edges of the 200-kHz FM signal in contiguous bands with variable width. To maximize the data rate, the digital bandwidth is maximized subject to a maximum allowed distortion of the demodulated analog FM signal. The impact of the analog FM signal on, digital reception is cancelled by means of transmitter precanceling techniques. Conditions for precanceling techniques for multipath channels are formulated. The main advantage of the contiguous band insertion method is that the rate of the control channel is considerably lower compared to previously proposed methods of carrier insertion without significant reduction in data rate. We present a number of numerical results for acoustical signals.     

混沌噪声调频信号对UWB—SAR／ISAR成像的干扰

建立了n-Way Bernoulli混沌调频信号模型,分析了UWB-SAR/ISAR的成像特点,提出利用Bernoulli混沌噪声调频信号对UWB-SAR/ISAR进行成像干扰。仿真结果表明,利用Bernoulli混沌噪声调频信号干扰UWB-SAR/ISAR是可行的。     

Transition to pulsed operation in short external-cavity FMsemiconductor lasers

Conditions are established for the occurrence of a transition from FM operation to pulsed output in short external-cavity FM semiconductor lasers. It is shown that there are dual operating points around which FM operation is possible. The position of the modulation frequency in relation to these two FM operating frequencies determines the type of behavior exhibited by the configuration. In particular, pulsed and mixed pulsed-FM behavior is observed when the modulation frequency is between the two possible FM operating frequencies     

直接加间接锁相调频应用于TV伴音调频

本文分析了锁相调频的原理,指出了直接锁相调频应用于TV伴音调频的缺陷。同时分析了直接加间接锁相调频应用于TV伴音调频的优点,即既可以克服伴音漂移现象,又可以扩展调制频率下限。笔者最后给出了具体设计实例和测试参数。     

Postcanceling techniques for simultaneous broadcasting of analog FM and digital data

We consider simultaneous broadcasting of low-power digital data and analog FM and present reliable receivers for the digital data. Due to the relatively low power level of the digital data and the interference suppression capability of analog FM, standard analog FM receivers can reliably recover the analog FM audio signal. To recover the digital data, an extended Kalman filter front end is developed that exploits the capture capability of analog FM to reconstruct and postcancel the analog FM component from the received composite signal. Simulations are conducted with artificial analog FM signals, suggesting that postcanceling schemes can provide higher data rates than their precanceling counterparts, at a lower transmission delay penalty but higher digital receiver complexity. For analog FM to digital signal power level ratios in the range of 30-50 dB, the postcanceler digital signal recovery appears fairly robust, providing digital signal-to-noise ratios of 2-7.5 dB. The corresponding uncoded bit error rates strongly depend on the power level difference between the host analog FM and the digital data signal. In particular, at 260 kb/s and E/sub b//N/sub o/=10 dB they range between 1% to about 15%, and can be reduced to acceptable levels using standard channel coding techniques.     

Algorithmic Measurement of Digital Instantaneous Frequency

This paper presents an algorithmic method for measuring the instantaneous frequency of a uniformly sampled FM signal. The measured parameter, termed digital instantaneous frequency, is defined in a manner similar to that used to describe frequency-modulated, continuous-time signals. The measurements are derived from an adaptive linear prediction spectral estimates. The proposed algorithm is utilized in the development of a digital processor for FM demodulation which operates on a uniformly sampled FM signal, and its output is a sampled sequence of the estimated demodulated message. The performance of the digital processor is demonstrated and compared with that of a conventional FM discriminator.     

Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for FM and Symbiotic FM Radio Data System Hybrid Signal

The symbiotic FM radio data system(SRDS)is a radio data system that a specially designed OFDM signal co-lives with FM signal,which enables a significantly higher data rate than existing radio data systems.The cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol has the same length as the OFDM body,which enables the analytic separation of the co-channel OFDM and FM signal at receiver side,utilizing the fact that the OFDM body and prefix is equal.In this work,we show that the OFDM body and prefix cannot be viewed as equal when there is sufficient carrier frequency offset(CFO).Thus,we propose a two-step CFO estimation algorithm for FM and SRDS hybrid signal.The first step estimates the coarse CFO by exploring the characteristics of the FM signal.Once the coarse CFO is removed,the residual CFO is small enough for FM and OFDM separation.The second step fine estimates CFO from the OFDM-only signal using its repeated PN structure after the separation.Detailed mathematical equations are formulated and simulation results are given.The results show that the proposed algorithm works fine with the simulation setup and has a final residual CFO less than 3.9Hz.     

Improved estimation of hyperbolic frequency modulated chirp signals

This article deals with parameter estimation of product signals consisting of hyperbolic FM and chirp factors. A computationally simple algorithm that decouples estimation of the chirp parameters from those of the hyperbolic FM part is presented. It relies on a simple data transformation that removes the hyperbolic FM component, leaving one with the simpler problem of estimating chirp parameters. For the latter, the high-order ambiguity function (HAF) is adopted. Schemes for estimating the hyperbolic FM parameter are also proposed. The method improves on existing approaches and is shown to provide performance close to the Cramer-Rao bound     

基于FPGA的FM信号发生器设计与实现

摘要：为提高FM信号发生器的频率准确度和稳定度,并使其相关技术参数可调,设计了一种基于FPGA和直接数字频率合成（DDS）技术的产生方法。系统以labwindows/cvi为上位机开发环境,实现FM信号调制参数的可调,并通过PCIE接口将上位机设置的FM信号控制字和波形数据传给FPGA,FPGA内部通过控制DDS核来实现FM信号的产生。测试结果表明,FM信号的频率精度高且稳定性好,最高输出载波频率达40MHz,幅度精度能达到5mV。该FM信号发生器在软件无线电、雷达目标特征识别和雷达距离探测等领域具有很高的应用价值和广阔的应用空间。     

FM Noise in Multiple-Device Oscillators (Short Paper)

The FM noise in a multiple-device oscillator is analyzed. It is shown that FM noise depends on the circuit parameters and the number N of the constituent devices. For a circuit-dependent critical value of N, FM noise is maximum and it is proportional to N/sup -1/2/ when N is very large.     

Analysis on FM efficiency of InGaAs/InGaAsP SCH-MQW LD's takinginjection carrier transport into account

FM efficiencies of InGaAs/InGaAsP separate-confinement-heterostructure multiple-quantum-well laser diodes (SCH-MQW LDs) were theoretically analyzed taking carrier transport in the SCH layer into account. It was found that injection carrier transport from the SCH layers to the wells plays an important role in the FM response, due to a finite carrier capture time. The calculated values for FM efficiency were in excellent agreement with measured values for LDs with different SCH layer thicknesses, which indicates that a thick SCH layer is desirable for high FM efficiency operation