Use of chloroflurocarbons as internal standards for the measurement of atmospheric non-methane volatile organic compounds sampled onto solid adsorbent cartridges

Solid adsorbents have proven useful for determining the vertical profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using sampling platforms such as balloons, kites, and light aircraft, and those profiles provide valuable information about the sources, sinks, transformations, and transport of atmospheric VOCs. One of the largest contributions to error in VOC concentrations is the estimation of the volume of air sampled on the adsorbent cartridge. These errors arise from different sources, such as variations in pumping flow rates from changes in ambient temperature and pressure with altitude, and decrease in the sampling pump battery power. Another significant source for sampling rate variations are differences in the flow resistance of individual sampling cartridges. To improve the accuracy and precision of VOC measurements, the use of ambient chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as internal standards was investigated. A multibed solid adsorbent, AirToxic (Supelco), was chosen for its wide sampling range (C3-C12). Analysis was accomplished by thermal desorption and dual detection GC/FID/ECD, resulting in sensitive and selective detection of both VOCs and CFCs in the same sample. Long-lived chlorinated compounds (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4 and CH3CCl3) banned by the Montreal Protocol and subsequent amendments were studied for their ability to predict sample volumes using both ground-based and vertical profiling platforms through the boundary layer and free troposphere. Of these compounds, CFC-113 and CCl4 were found to yield the greatest accuracy and precision for sampling volume determination. Use of ambient CFC-113 and CCl4 as internal standards resulted in accuracy and precision of generally better than 10% for the prediction of sample volumes in ground-, balloon-, and aircraft-based measurements. Consequently, use of CFCs as reference compounds can yield a significant improvement of accuracy and precision for ambient VOC measurements in situations where accurate flow control is troublesome.     

Automated sampler for the measurement of non-methane organic compounds

An automated sampler has been constructed for the unattended collection of whole-air samples in Summa passivated stainless steel canisters. The sampler consists of a Viton diaphragm pump; a differential-pressure flow controller; a 2-position, 3-port valve; a 10-port multiposition valve; and a digital valve sequence programmer that controls the sequence and timing of the electrically actuated valves. All connecting tubing was constructed from Silcosteel tubing. Two configurations of the automated sampler and a passive collection system were evaluated by comparing the combined sampling precisions of the three systems with the analytic precision, derived from replicate analyses of an ambient air sample. The analytic precision was generally < +/- 5%, with higher values observed for analytes with mixing ratios in the tens of pptv. However, analytic precision values for methanol and ethanol were poor, greater than +/- 20%. Values for sampling precision were greater by about a factor of 2 than the analytic precision. The poor results for the light oxygenated hydrocarbons could be caused by sorption of the analytes in the preconcentration and sampling systems and difficulties in peak integration.     

Atmospheric tomography: a Bayesian inversion technique for determining the rate and location of fugitive emissions

A Bayesian inversion technique to determine the location and strength of trace gas emissions from a point source in open air is presented. It was tested using atmospheric measurements of N(2)O and CO(2) released at known rates from a source located within an array of eight evenly spaced sampling points on a 20-m radius circle. The analysis requires knowledge of concentration enhancement downwind of the source and the normalized, three-dimensional distribution (shape) of concentration in the dispersion plume. The influence of varying background concentrations of ～1% for N(2)O and ～10% for CO(2) was removed by subtracting upwind concentrations from those downwind of the source to yield only concentration enhancements. Continuous measurements of turbulent wind and temperature statistics were used to model the dispersion plume. The analysis localized the source to within 0.8 m of the true position and the emission rates were determined to better than 3% accuracy. This technique will be useful in assurance monitoring for geological storage of CO(2) and for applications requiring knowledge of the location and rate of fugitive emissions.     

Comparison of different methods for determination of drip loss and their relationships to meat quality and carcass characteristics in pigs

Samples of the M. longissimus dorsi of 776 pigs from three commercial lines were used to compare two methods for measuring drip loss, referred to as the EZ-DripLoss and bag methods. Furthermore, relationships between drip loss and other meat quality and carcass traits were analysed. The bag method used a slice of M. longissimus dorsi of approximately 120 g hung in an airtight container whereas the EZ-DripLoss method used two samples of approximately 10 g placed in drip loss containers. In the bag method, samples taken at 24 h post-mortem were measured 24 and 48 h after sampling and average drip loss was 1.94% and 3.33% at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Correlation between these consecutive measurements was high (r=0.98). Using the EZ-DripLoss method, drip loss of samples taken at 24 h post-mortem was measured 48 h after sampling and showed an average value of 4.97%. Correlation between the drip loss obtained using EZ-DripLoss and bag methods was high (r=0.86). Relationships between drip loss and other meat quality traits were similar for both methods. Highest correlations were observed between drip loss and pH(45) (r=-0.52 and -0.48 using EZ-DripLoss method(48) and bag method(48), respectively) and the lowest to Minolta a (?) value (r=0.11 and 0.09, respectively). Correlations among several carcass traits, such as lean content, and drip loss were low or not significant. Low associations between loin eye area (cm(2)) and drip loss were obtained regardless of the method used to determine drip loss (r=0.21 and 0.18 using EZ-DripLoss method(48) and bag method(48), respectively). For routine measurements, the EZ-DripLoss method is recommended because it showed a high correlation with the bag method but is easier to perform and is more standardised.     

Elemental analysis of flour-based ready-oven foods by slurry sampling inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

A slurry sampling technique has been utilised for the determination of Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, P, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in wheat-flour and flour-based ready-oven foods using ICP-OES and a direct aqueous calibration technique. For 0.1% w/v suspension of flour in 0.1% w/v Triton X-100 and 6% v/v HNO₃, the procedural limits of detection (all in mg kg⁻¹) for Na, K, Mg, Ca, P, S, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were 7.51, 61.1, 0.645, 1.59, 5.25, 4.58, 1.50, 1.07, 0.867 and 1.58, respectively. The precision was expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 5–10% (n = 10) for 0.1% w/v suspension of wheat-flour. The accuracy was confirmed by the analysis of reference materials wheat-flour GBW 08503 and rice flour NIST 1568a.     

Evaluation of sampling units and sampling plans for adults of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptea: Laemophloeidae) in stored wheat under different temperatures, moisture contents, and adult densities

Development and evaluation of optimum size and number of sample units is required for cost-effective management of stored grain beetles. In this study, we evaluated the sampling parameters and accuracy of insect density detection and estimation, developed the optimum size and number of sample units, and conducted a feasibility study of the insect detection and density estimation. The measured insect densities in 92% of random samples were less than the introduced insect densities and 67.4 ± 10.8% of random samples did not contain adults when the introduced insect density was 0.1 A/kg (adult/kg). If the random sampling technique was used and 15% of the stored wheat bulk was sampled, 72% of determined means of insect densities of the sampling sets were lower than the introduced insect densities. Increasing the size of sample units did not improve the accuracy of the estimation of insect densities; however, it did considerably increase the probability of insect detection when insect densities were lower than 1.0 A/kg. We recommend at least 7 kg per sample unit for insect detection (especially when insect densities < 0.1 A/kg) and the optimum number of sample units with 15 kg grain per unit should be >24 for a fixed precision of 0.35 when insect densities < 0.1 A/kg. This might be a challenge for grain storage practice. Therefore, using sampling technique to estimate insect densities and detect insects at low insect densities (<0.1 A/kg) might not be practicable.     

Evaluation of the diffusive gradient in a thin film technique for monitoring trace metal concentrations in estuarine waters

Monitoring trace metal concentrations in dynamic estuarine waters is not straightforward. This study demonstrated that important information could be obtained from intensive sampling of physicochemical parameters and trace metal concentrations, in the Gold Coast Broadwater, Australia. A regular pattern of variation in Cu and Ni concentrations was related to the movement of water passed point sources with tidal flows, rather than due to conventional estuarine mixing of end-member waters. However, this approach was logistically demanding and expensive. The diffusive gradients in a thin film (DGT) technique was used as an alternative method due to its continual time-integrated response to changes in trace metal concentrations. Significant correlations were found between 24 h DGT-labile measurements and 0.45-microm filterable measurements, on time-averaged composite samples (grab samples combined every 4 h for 24 h), for Cu (n = 24, r = 0.965, p < 0.001), Pb (n = 24, r = 0.799, p < 0.001), Zn (n = 17, r = 0.909, p < 0.001), and Ni (n = 23, r = 0.916, p < 0.001). DGT-labile measurements as a fraction of 0.45 microm-filterable concentrations were 21 +/- 2% for Cu, 29 +/- 11% for Pb, 28 +/- 5% for Zn, and 27 +/- 12% for Ni, demonstrating the speciation capabilities of DGT. Although DGT measurements were confirmed as being highly operationally defined, DGT was still found to be very promising as a monitoring approach, particularly for dynamic estuarine waters.     

Optimization-based source apportionment of PM2.5 incorporating gas-to-particle ratios

A modified approach to PM2.5 source apportionment is developed, using source indicative SO2/PM2.5, CO/PM2.5, and NOx/PM2.5 ratios as constraints, in addition to the commonly used particulate-phase source profiles. Additional information from using gas-to-particle ratios assists in reducing collinearity between source profiles, a problem that often limits the source-identification capabilities and accuracy of traditional receptor models. This is especially true in the absence of speciated organic carbon measurements. In the approach presented here, the solution is based on a global optimization mechanism, minimizing the weighted error between apportioned and ambient levels of PM2.5 components, while introducing constraints on calculated source contributions that ensure that the ambient gas-phase pollutants (SO2, CO, and NOy) are reasonable. This technique was applied to a 25-month dataset of daily PM2.5 measurements (total mass and composition) at the Atlanta Jefferson Street SEARCH site. Results indicate that this technique was able to split the contributions of mobile sources (gasoline and diesel vehicles) more accurately than particulate-phase source apportionment methods. Furthermore, this technique was able to better quantify the direct contribution (primary PM2.5) of coal-fired power plants to ambient PM2.5 levels.     

Pumping-induced ebullition: a unified and simplified method for measuring multiple dissolved gases

The incorporation of multiple dissolved gas measurements in biogeochemical studies remains a difficult and expensive challenge. Incompatibilities in collection, handling, and storage procedures generally force the application of multiple sampling procedures for multiple gases. This paper introduces the concept and application of pumping-induced ebullition (PIE), a unified approach for routine measurement of multiple dissolved gases in natural waters and establishes a new platform for development of in situ real-time dissolved gas monitoring tools. Ebullition (spontaneous formation of bubbles) is induced by pumping a water sample through a narrow-diametertube (a "restrictor") to decrease hydrostatic pressure (PH) below total dissolved gas pressure (PT). Buoyancy is used to trap bubbles within a collection tower where gas accumulates rapidly (1 mL/min) to support multiple chemical analyses. Providing for field collection of an essentially unlimited and unified volume of gas sample, PIE afforded accurate and precise measurements of major (N2, 02, Ar), trace (CO2, N20, CH4) and ultratrace (CFC11, CFC12, CFC113, SF6) dissolved gases in Wisconsin groundwater, revealing interrelationships between denitrification, apparent recharge age-dates, and historical land use. Compared to conventional approaches, PIE eliminates multiple gas-specific sampling methods, reduces data computations, simplifies laboratory instrumentation, and avoids aqueous production and consumption of biogenic gases during sample storage. A lake depth profile for CO2 demonstrates PIE's flexibility as an in situ real-time platform for dissolved gas measurements. The apparent departures of some gases (SF6, H2, N2O, CO2) from solubility equilibrium behavior warrant further confirmation and theoretical investigation.     

High time resolution and size-segregated analysis of aerosol bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an ubiquitous class of compounds in the environment, mostly generated by anthropogenic processes. High time resolution measurements are necessary to gain further knowledge on the fate and diurnal pattern of these often carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds in the atmosphere. It is expected to find a strong correlation of the PAH levels with the strength and proximity to sources, as well as with meteorological parameters. To determine the fate of particle-bound PAHs, they were sampled in this study at an urban background site in Zurich, Switzerland, during summer 2002 and winter 2003. Particle-bound PAHs were collected with a rotating drum impactor and subsequently analyzed with two-step laser mass spectrometry. Using this combination of sampling and measurement, size-segregated (10-1.1, 1.1-0.3, and 0.3-0.1 microm) and high time resolution (20 min) data were obtained. The pronounced diurnal cycle (with day/night ratios of 0.1) was only altered during intensive atmospheric mixing periods (resulting in day/night ratios of up to 8) by cleaner air from upper atmospheric layers which was mixed into the boundary layer. During summer, signal intensities due to particle-bound PAHs were about a factor of 2-10 lower than during winter.     

Thermal expansion coefficient and specific heat capacity from sound velocity measurements in tomato paste from 0.1 up to 350 MPa and as a function of temperature

The thermodynamic properties of food as a function of pressure and temperature are essential for modeling high-pressure processes. Sound velocity measurements in liquids at high pressure conditions are particularly interesting because they allow for deriving other properties such as the specific heat capacity or thermal expansion coefficient which are difficult to measure. By other means, in this work, the sound velocity was measured in tomato paste at high pressures with a purposed designed acoustic cell. The measurements were made in a wide range of pressures and temperatures from 0.1 to 350 MPa and from 0 to 50 °C, respectively. The sound velocity was directly measured with an accuracy of 0.1% using the transmission technique with piezoelectrics operating at 2 MHz. Thereafter, the isentropic compressibility coefficient of tomato paste was calculated from experimental data. Specific heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient were also obtained through a software algorithm.     

发酵生产中还原糖和葡萄糖检测指标的分析

采用还原糖测定法和葡萄糖酶电极测定法,对谷氨酸发酵生产中淀粉糖原料和发酵液中还原糖和葡萄糖含量进行了测定,研究了其变化特点和意义。结果表明,淀粉糖液中葡萄糖/还原糖比值变化从80%~94.2%;发酵过程中,谷氨酸生产菌首先消耗葡萄糖,发酵28h,葡萄糖含量接近0,而还原糖含量为1.0%;还原糖测定仪用于发酵后期还原糖测定,精密度(RSD%)为2.21,对发酵后期的精确控制具有一定的应用价值。     

Passive sampling and analyses of common dissolved fixed gases in groundwater

An in situ passive sampling and gas chromatographic protocol was developed for analysis of the major and several minor fixed gases (He, Ne, H2, N2, O2, CO, CH4, CO2, and N2O) in groundwater. Using argon carrier gas, a HayeSep DB porous polymer phase, and sequential thermal conductivity and reductive gas detectors, the protocol achieved sufficient separation and sensitivity to measure the mixing ratio of all these gases in a single 0.5 mL gas sample collected in situ, stored, transported, and injected using a gastight syringe. Within 4 days of immersion in groundwater, the simple passive in situ sampler, whether initially filled with He or air, attained an equivalent and constant mixing ratio for five of the seven detected gases. The abundant mixing ratio of N2O, averaging 2.6%, indicated that significant denitrification is likely ongoing within groundwater contaminated with uranium, acidity, nitrate, and organic carbon from a group of four closed radioactive wastewater seepage ponds at the Oak Ridge Field Research Center. Over 1000 passive gas samples from 12 monitoring wells averaged 56% CO2, 32.4% N2, 2.6% O2, 2.6% N2O, 0.21% CH4, 0.093% H2, and 0.025% CO with an average recovery of 95 +/- 14% of the injected gas volume.     

Verifying three types of methane fluxes from soils by testing the performance of a novel mobile photoacoustic method versus a well-established gas chromatographic one

The performance of a novel portable, tunable diode laser, resonant photoacoustic (TDL-PA) analyzer developed for field measurements of CH4 was compared to a commonly applied offline gas chromatographic (GC) method. This comparative studywas realized under normal field conditions parallel to long-term weekly GC monitoring of four different soil types with very different methane budgets. The method used for gas-exchange measurements was the well-known closed-chamber technique. The TDL-PA analyzer detects methane at 1650.957 nm [R (5) line of the 2v3 band], guaranteeing high precision without the need for correction procedures. The two techniques correlated well (R2 = 0.988) over the entire concentration range (0.15-33 ppmv CH4) tested at highly varying flux rates between -30 and -12 ppbv CH4 min(-1) for uptakes and between 2.5 and 362 ppbv CH4 min(-1) for emissions. The two analyzers proved to be interchangeable, leaving the online advantages to the TDL-PA. A suitable CH4 online GC solution for chamber measurement is not available as a portable system. Additionally, the data sampling rate of 2 Hz enables a direct coupling to other infrared gas analyzers with the high time resolution commonly required to determine plant CO2 assimilation rates or soil respiration rates.     

微量、快速测定葡萄与葡萄酒总酚

基于Folin-Ciocalteu 分光光度法的原理,借助微量移液器和微波处理,通过优化反应条件,建立一种新的微量、快速测定葡萄与葡萄酒总酚含量的方法。实验得到体系的最佳反应条件为0.1mL 测试样品,0.1mL 1mol/LFolin-Ciocalteu 试剂和0.8mL 60g/L Na2CO3 溶液,在微波炉的中档下处理20s 后测定765nm 波长处的吸光度。以没食子酸为标准品作标准曲线,在质量浓度1～50mg/L 范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系(R2=0.9996)。对葡萄皮与葡萄酒进行加标回收率实验的平均回收率分别为98.1%和97.2%,精密度(n=9)测定相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.40%和1 . 0 1%。该方法不但量微、快速,而且操作简便,重复性好,结果精准可靠。     

Die Genauigkeit der elektrischen Holzfeuchtemessung nach dem Widerstandsprinzip

To improve the accuracy of resistance-type moisture meters for wood, the sources of error of this method are analyzed. The results from tests of 8 commercial DC moisture meters showed a systematic deviation of ±3,5% MC between the moisture meter readings and the results from oven-drying. Experimental tests with beech proved that the theoretical accuracy depends on the actual moisture content, the scale of random sampling and the differentiation of the moisture-resistance curve. When measuring only once a measuring device properly adjusted for the wood species reaches a minimum accuracy of ±2,5% MC. With an increasing number of measurements, the accuracy can be improved until it reaches the accuracy of the testing equipment (±0.1% MC).     

Analysis of atmospheric sesquiterpenes: sampling losses and mitigation of ozone interferences

Atmospheric standards containing parts-per-billion levels of 14 semivolatile hydrocarbon compounds, including eight sesquiterpenes (SQTs) (longipinene, alpha-copaene, isolongifolene, alpha-cedrene, trans-caryophyllene, aromadendrene, alpha-humulene, delta-cadinene), two oxidized sesquiterpenoids (cisnerolidol, trans-nerolidol), one biogenic ketone (geranylacetone) and three aromatic compounds (1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene, diphenylmethane, nonylbenzene), were collected onto four solid adsorbent materials at increasing ozone mixing ratios (0-100 ppbv 03) for analysis by thermodesorption-gas chromatography. Substantial sampling losses of up to >90% were found for the most reactive SQT, even at the lowest ozone level investigated of 20 ppbv. Loss rates from the ozone-SQT reaction were used to derive estimates of gas-phase ozone reaction rate constants for longipinene, alpha-copaene, isolongifolene, geranylacetone, aromadendrene, delta-cadinene, cis-nerolidol, and transnerolidol. Three different ozone mitigation techniques were investigated to prevent these sampling losses. These strategies included (a) placing glass fiber filters impregnated with sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) into the sampling line, (b) titration of ozone in the sampling stream with nitric oxide (NO), and (c) catalytically removing ozone with a commercially available manganese dioxide (MnO2) catalyst. All three techniques reduced ozone-mixing ratios from 100 ppbv to <0.6 ppbv at sampling flow rates of 1 L min(-1). When the Na2S2O3 filters and the NO-titration techniques were applied, SQT loss rates decreased from 25-60% to 0-5% for most SQT compounds and from >90% to approximately 10-50% for the two most reactive compounds at ozone mixing ratios of up to 100 ppbv. The commercial manganese dioxide scrubber, however, caused complete analyte losses (>98%) even at 0 ppbv ozone. These results underline the need and present applicable techniques for removal of ozone in air samples for SQT analysis by solid adsorption techniques.     

Comparison of light scattering devices and impactors for particulate measurements in indoor,outdoor, and personal environments

Short-term monitoring of individual particulate matter (PM) exposures on subjects and inside residences in health effect studies have been sparse due to the lack of adequate monitoring devices. The recent development of small and portable light scattering devices, including the Radiance nephelometer (neph) and the personal DataRAM (pDR) has made this monitoring possible. This paper evaluates the performance of both the passive pDR and neph (without any size fractionation inlet) against measurements from both Harvard impactors (HI2.5) and Harvard personal environmental monitors (HPEM2.5) for PM2.5 in indoor, outdoor, and personal settings. These measurements were taken at the residences and on the person of nonsmoking elderly subjects across the metropolitan Seattle area and represent a wide range of light scattering measurements directly related to exposures and health effects. At low PM levels, nephs provided finer resolution and more precise measurements (precision = 3-8% and uncertainty = 2.8 x 10(-7) m(-1) or <1 microg/m3) than the pDRs. The unbiased precision of pDRs above 10 microg/m3 is around 5% (with an unbiased uncertainty of 4.4 microg/m3). The 24-h average responses of the pDR and neph, as compared to 24-h integrated gravimetric measurements, are not affected by indoor sources of PM. When regressed against 24-h gravimetric measurements, nephs showed higher coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.81-0.93) than pDRs (R2 = 0.77-0.84). The default mass calibration on the pDRs generally overestimated indoor HI2.5 measurements by 56%. When carried by subjects, the pDR overestimated the HPEM2.5 measurements by approximately 27%. Collocated real-time indoor nephs and pDRs at diverse residential sites had varied coefficients of determination across homes (R2 = 0.75-0.96), and the difference between pDR and neph responses increased during cooking hours. This difference was larger during baking or frying episodes than during other cooking or cleaning activities. Relative humidity, ranging between 25% and 64% indoors in our study, was not a significant factor affecting the differences in neph or pDR response. In summary, for nonsmoking residences, the mass scattering efficiency (m2/g) of a stationary indoor neph on a 24-h basis does not vary by residence, including residences with and without cooking activities. This is also true forthe pDR. These same stationary indoor pDRs and nephs correlate well with each other, even on a 10-min basis, in the absence of indoor source activities. The fact that these activities comprised a relatively small percentage (cooking + cleaning = 2.3%) of the overall sampling time meant that the overall correlation between these two instruments for all time periods was good. However, when examining the cooking and cleaning periods separately, the correlation was not very good. Thus, during these short-term PM episodes, the 24-h average calibrations versus gravimetric mass should be used with caution. Both devices should be potentially useful in future exposure assessment and health effects studies.     

Predictive model for vehicle air exchange rates based on a large, representative sample

The in-vehicle microenvironment is an important route of exposure to traffic-related pollutants, particularly ultrafine particles. However, significant particle losses can occur under conditions of low air exchange rate (AER) when windows are closed and air is recirculating. AERs are lower for newer vehicles and at lower speeds. Despite the importance of AER in affecting in-vehicle particle exposures, few studies have characterized AER and all have tested only a small number of cars. One reason for this is the difficulty in measuring AER with tracer gases such as SF(6), the most common method. We developed a simplified yet accurate method for determining AER using the occupants' own production of CO(2), a convenient compound to measure. By measuring initial CO(2) build-up rates and equilibrium values of CO(2) at fixed speeds, AER was calculated for 59 vehicles representative of California's fleet. AER measurements correlated and agreed well with the largest other study conducted (R(2) = 0.83). Multivariable models captured 70% of the variability in observed AER using only age, mileage, manufacturer, and speed. These results will be useful to exposure and epidemiological studies since all model variable values are easily obtainable through questionnaire.     

气袋-热脱附-气/质联用法分析卷烟主流烟气中的气相全成分

为了分析比较不同卷烟的气相成分的差异,以及减害降焦过程中卷烟气相成分的变化情况,本文建立了气袋-热脱附-气/质联用法分析卷烟主流烟气中的气相全成分的方法。此方法采用Tedler气袋收集20支卷烟的主流烟气,并用针筒式注射泵定量转移一定体积烟气入Carbotrap300吸附采样管,利用热脱附技术-气/质联用仪(ATD-GC/MS)法进行定性和定量分析。通过方法优化和验证,结果表明:(1)由于针筒式注射泵的取样时间、速率及体积高度可控,大大改进了重复性,气相全成分中,大部分被测物的相对标准偏差都在5%以下,重复性显著优于文献报道;(2)此方法可较完全地捕集卷烟主流烟气气相成分;(3)可定性鉴定出卷烟烟气中的67种成分;(4)采用氘代内标法,准确定量分析了13种气相成分;(5)13种定量成分的回收率在80%~120%之间,结果令人满意。对不同卷烟样品进行分析测试,结果如下:(1)2R4F的测试结果和文献报道值相符;(2)混合型卷烟的气相成分中,含N的气体成分比烤烟型的相对高些;(3)对卷烟滤嘴添加了活性炭材料前后的卷烟分析,可发现,添加了活性炭材料后,大部分气相成分呈不同程度地下降。综合比较认为此方法方便可靠,可应用于日常分析以及对减害材料的评价研究。