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1.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the frying medium and temperatures on fat content and texture of French fries. The material taken for the study consisted of seven types of vegetable oil: refined sunflower, rape, soy, olive oil, palm, partially hydrogenated rape oil (modified oil I) and a blend of vegetable oils (modified oil II). The French fries prepared from Asterix potato variety were fried at oils heated to 150, 160, 170, 180 and 190 °C. The length of frying (12, 10, 8, 6.5 and 4.5 min, respectively) depended on oil temperature. Fat content and the texture of French fries were determined. The type of frying medium significantly affects the texture of French fries. Temperature influenced both the fat content and texture of product. The increase of frying temperature decreased fat uptake and hardness of French fries. French fries fried in rape oil exhibited the most delicate texture and the lowest oil absorption when compared with French fries fried in other types of oil under investigation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

2.
煎炸油在煎炸过程中脂肪酸组成的变化   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以大豆油、棉籽油、棕榈液油和氢化油作为煎炸油,分别进行薯条和鸡翅的煎炸实验。结果表明:在煎炸过程中,各种煎炸油的脂肪酸含量均会发生一定的变化。采用C18:2/C16:0比值变化作为研究煎炸油脂肪劣变的指标,氢化油煎炸过程中C18:2/C16:0比值减少的程度最小(P<0.05),证明其煎炸过程中脂肪酸的稳定性最好。但对于反式脂肪酸含量变化来说,均没有显著增加(P>0.05),其中氢化油的反式脂肪酸含量从煎炸前的10.39%降低到煎炸后的6.66%,变化显著(P<0.05),不过高反式脂肪酸含量的煎炸油在煎炸后其反式脂肪酸含量还保持在较高水平。  相似文献   

3.
姚凌 《中国油脂》2022,47(2):39-46
利用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用相结合的方法测定了11种煎炸油煎炸薯条的挥发性物质组成,并对薯条进行感官评定。结果表明:11种煎炸油煎炸薯条共鉴定出包括醛类、含氧杂环类、含氮杂环类、酮类、醇类、酸类、烃类、含硫化合物和酯类化合物共80种挥发性物质,其中醛类化合物是煎炸薯条中主要的挥发性物质。棕榈油煎炸薯条鉴定出的挥发性物质种类最多,亚麻籽油煎炸薯条的最少,且通过分析11种煎炸油煎炸薯条的醛类物质发现,葵花籽油和棉籽油煎炸薯条中多不饱和醛含量较高,其中(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛含量最高,是薯条呈现油脂香的主要物质;高油酸菜籽油和高油酸葵花籽油煎炸薯条中单不饱和醛含量较高,其中高油酸葵花籽油煎炸薯条中2-十一烯醛含量最高;亚麻籽油煎炸薯条中(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛含量最高,呈现出消费者不期望的脂肪味和油腻味。感官评定结果显示,棕榈油煎炸薯条品质最好,猪油煎炸薯条品质最差。  相似文献   

4.
Oxidation and vitamin E loss in four frying oils (two partially hydrogenated soybean oils, one with methyl silicone, the other with tertiary butyl hydroquinone, citric acid and dimethyl siloxane added; a semi-solid hydrogenated soybean and palm oil shortening with mono and diglycerides added; and 100% corn oil) were studied under experimental and ‘actual’ operational conditions. Vitamin E loss in the frying oil increased significantly with increasing fatty acid oxidation. Added antioxidants, vitamin E and hydrogenation of fat decreased the rate of vitamin E loss. No significant change in vitamin E of the French fries occurred during 4 days of commercial frying; a significant increase in French fry fat uptake improved the 40% reduction in vitamin E of the frying oil. Vitamin C in the French fries (a major source of the vitamin in fast food meals) decreased significantly as the vitamin E content of the oils was reduced.  相似文献   

5.
Time of use for frying oils recovered from French fries was estimated based on ratios of fatty acids and values of conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) and/or p-anisidine (p-AV) derived from oxidation data of oils heated to 180°C in model systems. Changes in CDA and p-AV values in oils occurred faster than changes in ratios of fatty acids (oleic to linoleic acids, O/L) and saturated to unsaturated fatty acids (SFAs/UFAs). Oil use times estimated by O/L SFAs/UFAs ratios, and on CDA and p-AV values in oil recovered from French fries were 1.38, 1.42, 0.36, and 0.22 h, respectively. The actual oil use time was 1.5 h. Although oxidation parameters from heated oil models may not accurately reflect changes in oils during deep-fat frying of French fries, ratios of fatty acids in oils may be more useful for predicting the use time of frying oils than CDA and p-AV values.  相似文献   

6.
This study investigated the effect of different types of commercial oils (rice bran oil, shortening oil, high-oleic rapeseed oil, low-erucic acid rapeseed oil, blend oil A and blend oil B) and frying cycles on acrylamide formation during the preparation of French fries by deep-frying. Frying was carried out in intermittent mode (two batches each for 12 min without any time lag) and repeated for 600 frying cycles. Results indicated that the French fries that were fried in oils having lower heat transfer coefficients contained lower acrylamide concentrations (913 µg kg–1), whereas those fried with oils having higher heat transfer coefficients contained higher acrylamide concentrations (1219 µg kg–1). Unlike the peroxide value, acrylamide levels in French fries did not change significantly with an increase in the number of frying cycles when tested for 600 frying cycles for every type of oil. This study clearly indicates that the contribution of frying oils to the formation of acrylamide should not be neglected due to their different heat transfer coefficients. On the other hand, continuous use of frying oil does not lead to a higher acrylamide concentration in French fries.  相似文献   

7.
Dehydrated potato chips were fried in pure coconut and groundnut oils and their blends in order to study the pattern of uptake of oil constituents during frying. Investigations on the analysis of the oil and fatty acid composition in the fried product and the oil remaining in the frying pan suggested a preferential uptake of saturated lipid constituents by the potato chips, while the oil remaining in the frying pan was rich in unsaturated constituents. This effect was accentuated in blended oils, although it was also observed in pure oils.  相似文献   

8.
VOLATILE COMPOUNDS AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF FRYING FATS   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Oxidation-derived volatiles in French fries were evaluated relative to sensory characteristics of the fries and of the frying oils (low linolenic acid soybean oil, LLA; creamy partially hydrogenated soybean oil, CPH; liquid low linolenic acid hydrogenated soybean oil, LLH; and liquid partially hydrogenated soybean oil, LPH) in which they were fried. Hexanal concentration in French fries increased as oil use time increased for all fats; LLA and CPH produced higher hexanal concentrations in French fries after 10 and 15 days of oil use than did LPH and LLH. Hexanal concentration was negatively correlated with overall odor quality of French fries and positively correlated with grassy, rancid, painty, and chemical odor. Buttery, sweet, and French fry odor decreased and grassy, rancid, painty, and acrolein odor increased as oil use time increased.  相似文献   

9.
本文通过模拟西式快餐门店的煎炸实验,考察了稻米油在快餐煎炸中应用的可行性。通过油脂理化指标、肪酸组成分析及微量成分分析来比较稻米油与棕榈油和大豆油的差异,通过模拟西式快餐门店168℃下煎炸薯条过程中极性物质和酸价的变化,并对薯条进行感官评价,对比稻米油、大豆油与棕榈油的煎炸性能。结果显示:稻米油所含的饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸均介于棕榈油和大豆油之间,并且其含有的维生素E与大豆油接近且明显高于棕榈油;另外稻米油还含有12035.74 mg/kg植物甾醇和4359.17 mg/kg谷维素。在煎炸过程中,稻米油的酸价上升速度远远低于大豆油,接近于棕榈油;尽管其初始极性组分较高,但其极性组分在煎炸后期上升比较平稳,至煎炸终点时其极性组分低于棕榈油和大豆油;同时在煎炸过程中,棕榈油、稻米油、大豆油中的维生素E随煎炸时间的延长明显降低,至第6 d对应的含量分别10.01、8.49与2.11 mg/kg;而稻米油中谷维素和植物甾醇含量也随煎炸时间的延长而减少,但至煎炸终点时,仍有较多的保留,含量分别为1531.98和6618.45 mg/kg。另外,感官评价发现,稻米油炸制的薯条比大豆油、棕榈油更酥脆、风味更好,整体喜好度更高。总之,但稻米油具有良好煎炸性能,其煎炸性能明显优于大豆油,可用作西式快餐煎炸油。  相似文献   

10.
Both solid and liquid partially hydrogenated rapeseed oils were tested for deep intermittent French frying in a household fryer. The frying time could be estimated on the basis of viscosity or trichromatic colour changes, or of the content of polar compounds in frying oil. Still better results were obtained by combining several variables and their combinations in one expression. The frying time could be determined by means of an expression based on sensory profiles of French fries. The regressions were different for different oils used for frying.  相似文献   

11.
为探究不同品种食用油和煎炸食品对反式脂肪酸形成的影响,本文使用5种食用油(葵花油、大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油、花生油),在一定温度下炸制14批次油条,又依次使用大豆油炸制豆腐、油条和鸡腿,对2种情况下产生的煎炸油进行气相色谱分析,比较反式脂肪酸含量。结果表明:炸油条过程中,食用油中反式脂肪酸的含量均随着煎炸时间的延长而增加,葵花油中反式亚油酸总含量最多(约12 mg/g),花生油中反式油酸含量最低(约0.6 mg/g),在煎炸过程中,大豆油中反式脂肪酸的含量无显著变化,保持在3.5 mg/g左右。比较可知,不同种类食用油在加热过程中产生的反式脂肪酸含量有较大差异,而使用大豆油分别炸制豆腐、油条和鸡腿时,煎炸油中的反式脂肪酸无显著差异,说明油炸过程中的反式脂肪酸主要来源于食用油中不饱和脂肪酸的氧化裂解和异构化,与煎炸食品关系不大。从反式脂肪酸的生成量来看,烹饪过程中长时间煎炸建议使用大豆油,而不适宜使用葵花油。  相似文献   

12.
油脂煎炸过程中,脂肪酸会氧化形成具有高吸收率和潜在毒性的单环氧脂肪酸。通过对薯条间歇式煎炸,研究煎炸油的油酸与亚油酸比例对单环氧硬脂酸含量、单环氧油酸含量以及顺、反式单环氧脂肪酸相对含量的影响。结果表明:单环氧脂肪酸含量随煎炸时间的延长呈现增长趋势;油酸含量高的煎炸油倾向于生成更多的单环氧硬脂酸,亚油酸含量高的煎炸油倾向于生成更多的单环氧油酸;煎炸过程逐渐积累更多的反式单环氧脂肪酸,顺式单环氧脂肪酸可能会转化为反式单环氧脂肪酸。  相似文献   

13.
The increase in consumption of food fried in the so-called 'deep-frying-oil'entails the necessity of knowledge of both thermooxidative transformation occuring in the frying medium and chemical composition of oil absorbed by the fried product. The aim of this study was to correlate the quality of frying medium and oil extracted from potato fritters fried under rigorously controlled laboratory conditions in liquid and partially hydrogenated rapeseed oils. Oxidation and polymerization reactions predominated during deep frying of potato fritters in both frying media, but hydrolysis occured only to a small degree. The peroxide value was not a suitable quality control indicator for monitoring the thermooxidative transformation during deep frying. The most suitable method for examining such transformations was to study the content and composition of the polar fraction. A correlation existed between the amount of polymers and oxidized triacylglycerols (TAGs) and the amount of polar fraction. Small differences existed in the content of thermooxidative transformation products in the frying medium and the oil extracted from potato fritters. By monitoring anisidine value (AnV), E1%1cm and the content and composition of the polar fraction in the frying medium, it was possible to evaluate the quality of the fat in the fritters. Thus, the use of partially hydrogenated compared to liquid rapeseed oil in deep frying process may be preferred because at the same content of polar fraction and its components partially hydrogenated rapeseed oil contained a lesser amount of secondary oxidation products.  相似文献   

14.
Frozen par-fried French fries are finish-fried either by using the same type of oil used for par frying, or a different type. The nutritive quality of the final oil contained in the product depends on the relative amounts and the fatty acid (FA) composition of the oils used for par frying and finish frying. With the aim of understanding the provenance of the oil in the final product, par-fried French fries-either purchased ready or prepared in the laboratory-were finish fried in oils different from the ones used for par frying. The moisture content, oil content, and FA compositions of the par-fried and finish-fried products were experimentally determined, and the relative amounts of each of the oils present in the final product were calculated using the FAs as markers and undertaking a mass balance on each component FA. The results demonstrate that 89% to 93% of the total oil in the final product originates from the finish-frying step. The study also shows that a significant proportion of the oil absorbed during par frying is expelled from the product during finish frying. Further, the expulsion of par-frying oil was found to occur in the early stages of the finish-frying step. Experiments involving different combinations of par-frying and finish-frying oils showed that the relative proportions of the 2 oils did not depend on the individual fatty acid profiles. This study concludes that any positive health benefits of using an oil having a favorable FA profile for par frying, can potentially be lost, if the oil used for finish frying has a less favorable composition. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This paper estimates the relative amounts of oil in French fries that have been fried in 2 stages-a par-frying step and a finish-frying step-which is commonly practiced in food service establishments as well as homes. The 2 key conclusions are: (1) nearly 90% of the oil content of the final product is the one used for finish frying; that is, a processor may use very good oil for par frying but if the oil used for finish frying is inferior, its effect will dominate. (2) The paper also shows that a significant proportion of the oil used by the processor gets expelled during finish frying.  相似文献   

15.
Fried products impose a health concerns due to considerable amount of oil they contain. Production of snack foods with minimal oil content and good management of oil during frying to minimize the production of toxic compounds continue to be challenging aims. This paper aims to investigate the possibility of producing a fat‐free food snack by replacing frying oil with a nonfat medium. Glucose was melted and its temperature was then brought to 185 °C and used to fry potato strips, to obtain a product referred here as glucose fries. The resulting product was compared with French fries prepared conventionally under conditions that resulted in similar final moisture content. The resulting products were also examined for crust formation, texture parameters, color development and glucose content. Stereo microscope images showed that similar crusts were formed in the glucose fries and French fries. Texture parameters were found to be similar for both products at 5 and 2 mm penetration depth. The maximum hardness at 2 mm penetration depth was also similar for both products, but different from cooked potato. The color development that characterized French fries was also observed in glucose fries. The glucose content in glucose fries was found to be twice the content of French fries, which is to be expected because glucose absorbed or adhered to the surface. In conclusion, glucose fries, with similar texture and color characteristics to that of French fries, can be prepared by using a nonfat frying medium.  相似文献   

16.
Stability of palm olein (PO) and a blend 50% palm olein/50% canola oil (POC) during deep‐fat frying at 180 °C of French fries (FF) or chicken nuggets (CN) was studied through the determination of physical and chemical parameters in the fresh and used oils. Degradation at the end of the study resulted in total polar compounds of 12–13.5% for PO and 11.5–14.5% for POC and viscosity of 65–123.3 cP for PO and 63–72.8 cP for POC. Lower peroxide values (5.33–6.32) were obtained for the blend (PO had 5.21–8.55). Food type affected colour parameters and p‐anisidine value of the oils. For CN, the lowest fat content and higher hardness were obtained when they were fried in PO. CN caused a faster deterioration in the oils, in comparison with FF, especially in POC. Gas chromatography allowed to observe differences in fatty acids composition for both used oils.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: There is a need for frying oils with reduced trans fatty acid content and increased oxidative stability. This study was conducted to measure and compare frying oil quality parameters, namely colour, viscosity, free fatty acid (FFA) content and dielectric property, and to investigate changes in properties of mixtures of fully hydrogenated and non‐hydrogenated canola oils during deep‐fat frying of chicken nuggets. Proportions of hydrogenated oil to non‐hydrogenated oil used in the study were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. Chicken nuggets were fried at 190 °C. The relationships among quality parameters, frying time and oil type were investigated. RESULTS: Frying time and oil type had significant effects on all properties. First‐order kinetic equations were used to represent changes in colour, viscosity and FFA content. The rates of change of viscosity and FFA content were higher in non‐hydrogenated oil, whereas the rates of change of colour were similar in the different oils. Increasing the level of hydrogenated oil in the mixture resulted in only slight changes in quality parameters. CONCLUSION: Quality parameters, namely colour, viscosity, FFA content and dielectric property, of frying oil are significantly affected by frying time and hydrogenation level. Frying oil quality and stability can be adjusted by mixing hydrogenated and non‐hydrogenated oils. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

18.
以菜籽油和棉籽油为煎炸油,薯条和鸡块为煎炸食物,餐饮条件下连续煎炸4 d,研究菜籽油和棉籽油餐饮煎炸过程中脂肪酸组成和极性组分的变化规律。结果表明:煎炸过程中菜籽油和棉籽油饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量、极性组分(TPC)含量随煎炸时间延长升高而不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量降低,指标无论增加或降低,变化速率都呈现先快后慢趋势;餐饮煎炸4 d后,菜籽油SFA含量达21. 04%~23. 37%,TPC含量达21. 6%~22. 9%,UFA含量低至72. 47%~74. 82%,棉籽油SFA含量达29. 69%~35. 37%,TPC含量达23. 3%~25. 5%,UFA含量低至60. 29%~65. 88%;公式y=alnx+b描述煎炸油品质随煎炸时间变化效果良好,推导得脂肪酸组成与极性组分含量的良好线性关系;双因素方差分析显示,油品和食物会显著影响煎炸油的脂肪酸组成(P 0. 001)和极性组分含量(P 0. 05),而交互作用不显著(P 0. 05)。  相似文献   

19.
为了解煎炸油在煎炸过程中的氧化动力学规律,考察了5种常见煎炸油在西式快餐条件下的氧化稳定性,并对煎炸油中主要不饱和脂肪酸(亚麻酸、亚油酸及油酸)的氧化动力学进行研究。结果表明,煎炸过程中,棕榈油的茴香胺值、全氧化值的生成速率及碘值降低幅度最小,相比其他4种煎炸油具有更好的氧化稳定性。大豆油和菜籽油中亚麻酸的反应规律均同时符合0级和1级反应动力学模型;棕榈油、菜籽油、葵花籽油及稻米油中亚油酸的反应规律均同时符合0级和1级反应动力学模型,大豆油中亚油酸符合1级反应动力学模型;棕榈油、大豆油、菜籽油及葵花籽油中油酸的反应规律均同时符合0级和1级反应动力学模型;模型相应的决定系数R2在0.886~0.987之间,均大于0.85,模型拟合程度均较好。表明所构建煎炸油不饱和脂肪酸氧化动力学模型是可行的。  相似文献   

20.
Olive oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil were enriched with an olive (Olea Europaea) leaf extract rich in oleuropein at a supplementation level of 100 mg total phenolics per kg oil. Supplemented oils were used for deep frying of potatoes for eight successive frying sessions without replenishment under domestic frying conditions. Supplemented oils contained oleuropein while deep frying resulted in a gradual decrease in oils oleuropein content. After the eighth successive frying, oleuropein was still detected in oils, its retention being 3.2–12.4%. Deep frying of potatoes in supplemented oils succeeded in preparing French fries containing oleuropein even after eight successive fryings. Contrary to the oil type, the number of frying sessions affected potatoes oleuropein content. Oleuropein intake by consuming French fries deep‐fried in enriched oils was approximately ten times higher in potatoes prepared in the first frying session as compared to the respective intake after the eighth frying.  相似文献   

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