羊草沟煤矿煤矸石的煅烧特性及制作轻质墙体材料研究

本文研究了羊草沟煤矿煤矸石的高温相变特征;不同温度下煅烧煤矸石的Si、Al活性;以煅烧煤矸石等为原料在常压蒸汽养生条件下制作的轻质墙体材料制品高强度形成机制及反应过程。     

煤矸石制作硅肥技术试验研究

煤矸石制作硅肥时应先对煤矸石进行活化处理。通过在煤矸石中加入助剂,采取高温煅烧方法,研究出了煤矸石中有效硅活化的最佳助剂比例为煤矸石:CaCO₃:Na2CO₃:NaOH=1:0.1:0.5:0.05;煤矸石活化的最佳温度为700℃;最佳煅烧时间为2h;最佳粒度为80目。依据煅烧试验结果,提出了煤矸石制作硅肥的工艺技术。经对试验制成的硅肥成分与有害元素测试,符合国家硅肥标准。      

鄂尔多斯盆地北缘煤炭固体废弃物中铝的特征

为了研究煤炭固体废弃物中铝的含量及赋存状态,探讨其中氧化铝提取的可能性,在处理煤炭固体废弃物的同时扩大我国自然铝资源,分别采用化学分析、XRD、SEM及粒度分布等方法对鄂尔多斯北缘准格尔等煤田煤矸石及粉煤灰进行了化学成分、物相组成及结构测定。结果表明:该地区的煤矸石和粉煤灰中氧化铝的质量分数均接近或大于40%, 达到了铝矿床的工业品位;煤矸石中铝主要赋存在高岭石和勃姆石中,OF灰中铝主要赋存在莫来石中,而CFB灰中铝则赋存在非晶态物质中;同时CFB灰与OF灰相比具颗粒细小且粒度分布均匀、颗粒形态呈絮状、结构活性高等特点;CFB灰中的铝活性高易提取,煤矸石中的铝只需要热活化即可提取,而OF灰中的铝则需要化学活化才可以提取。高铝煤炭固体废弃物中铝的有效提取可以补充铝资源的不足。     

焦作煤系高岭土煅烧增白技术研究

焦作地区高岭石粘土矿主要赋存在石炭系中统本溪组,是非常优良的高岭土资源。本次实验以焦作地区煤系高岭土为原料,进行矿物成分和含量分析,研究其煅烧过程中添加剂的种类、用量、入料粒度、煅烧时间、煅烧温度等因素对白度的影响。研究表明：在900°C时样品加盖煅烧4小时并添加5%的还原剂和2%氯化剂做添加剂,试样的白度由45.84%增加到了88.68%,满足了橡胶填料、中等造纸涂料的需要,为本地区煤系高岭土的开发利用提供了重要的依据。     

煤矸石中汞和砷的赋存形态研究

对煤矸石中汞、砷的赋存形态进行研究,可以为煤矸石发电过程中汞、砷的脱除提供理论依据。采用逐级化学浸提法将3个不同产地煤矸石中汞、砷的赋存形态分为可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰结合态、硫化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态。采用不同的浸提溶液得到对应结合态的测试结果。结果表明,煤矸石中汞、砷的赋存形态具有一定的相似性。煤矸石中汞、砷主要以硫化物结合态为主,其质量分数占总汞的67.66%~72.68%,占总砷的56.71%~79.36%;其次为残渣态,其质量分数占总汞的23.70%~28.06%,占总砷的11.47%~18.02%。另外在煤矸石中砷还以少量有机结合态形式存在。      

煤矸石制作轻质莫来石砖研究

本文研究了利用煤矸石生产高档轻质莫来石砖的可行性，实验研究表明，在煅烧后的煤矸石中加入部分工业氧化铝粉，一起混磨至８００目筛余小于５％，再经加有机质成型和１５５０℃×５小时煅烧，可制成物相及各种性能指标达到从德国进口轻质莫来石砖的制品。     

煤矸石中潜在有害微量元素淋溶析出研究

在煤矸石淋溶实验的基础上，研究了有害微量元素从煤矸石中淋溶析出的浓度与其在煤矸石中的含量和赋存状态的关系。结果表明，溶出浓度受淋溶时间，淋溶液温度，酸碱度的影响。淋溶液温度越高，淋溶时间越长，则有害微量元素从煤矸石中析出的浓度越高；不同的有害微量元素受淋溶液pH值大小影响程度也不相同。     

利用煤矸石合成4A分子筛初探

利用煤矸石经煅烧后在强碱作用下制备成４Ａ分子筛，这一实验室成果对综合利用煤矸石、生产适于洗涤剂配方用的合成沸石分子筛，具有积极的意义。     

陕北石炭—二叠纪富油煤赋存特征及影响因素

加强我国富油煤合理开发对推进煤炭清洁高效利用、提升油气自主保障能力和实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。为查明陕北石炭–二叠纪煤田典型矿区富油煤赋存特征,基于煤炭勘查资料和样品测试结果,对比了可采煤层焦油产率变化特征,分析富油煤时空分布规律,探讨富油煤赋存影响因素。结果表明:可采煤层焦油产率均值呈北高南低趋势,古城矿区为9.22%~11.6%,府谷矿区为8.49%~11.02%,吴堡矿区为5.15%~6.89%;古城–府谷矿区主要发育富油煤,古城矿区富油煤分布以环带状为主,府谷矿区含油煤呈分散状发育于富油煤之间,吴堡矿区以含油煤为主、富油煤少量分布、高油煤不发育;府谷矿区7煤属富油–高油煤,其高油煤分布面积占比高达23%,且3、4、8煤中富油–高油煤分布面积占比均超过94%;随煤化程度升高,富油煤发育频率降低,中低阶煤分布区最有利于富油煤的赋存;煤焦油产率与活性组分、氢含量、灰成分中钙、镁、硫氧化物含量及镜惰比（V/I）、H/C原子比、挥发分产率呈正相关,与惰质组、石英、黏土矿物含量和灰分产率呈负相关;沉积环境的闭塞、还原和碱性程度越高,越利于富油煤生成和赋存。煤化程度、成煤物质、沉积环境和无机沉积作用共同影响着富油煤赋存特征。古城–府谷矿区富油煤资源潜力巨大,建议加强富油煤保护性开采和高效化利用。      

煤矸石菱镁矿合成堇青石熟料研究

本文研究了以煤矸石和菱镁矿为主要原料合成堇青石熟料的可行性。实验表明选择高岭石含量高和碱金属氧化物及氧化铁含量低的煤矸石及高纯菱镁矿可以合成出高质量的堇青石熟料,其堇青石的含量可达９５％ 以上,最佳煅烧温度为１ ４００℃,保温１０ｈ,然后在降温过程中在１ ３５０℃再保温１０ ｈ。     

新庄孜矿塌陷区煤矸石中重金属迁移对覆土影响

针对淮南新庄孜矿覆土造地中煤矸石填充带来的重金属元素迁移污染进行了研究。结果表明:煤矸石中有毒元素Pb、As、Cd、Hg向覆土有一定迁移,且距离煤矸石越近的土壤中重金属含量明显增高;虽然覆土中重金属含量均超过淮南土壤的均值,但是该土壤中Pb、As和Cd含量均符合国家二级标准;其中土壤中Hg含量分别符合国家一级标准和二级标准。须对覆土中重金属元素进行跟踪研究。      

A combined mathematical geophysical model for prediction of pyrite oxidation and pollutant leaching associated with a coal washing waste dump

The waste produced by coal washing process produces many environmental problems. In this study, the pollution problems associated with the waste produced by Alborz Sharghi Coal Washing Plant was investigated by mathematical modeling. The study area is located at 11 km. to Razmjah coal region and 45 km. to Tehran-Mashhad road in the north part od Iran. To achieve the goal, a few samples were taken from different depths at three points on the waste dump in order to investigate pyrite oxidation and pollution generation. The samples were then analysed, using an AA-670 Shimadzu atomic absorption to determine the fraction of pyrite remained within the waste particles. A numerical finite volume model using Phoenics package has been developed to simulate pyrite oxidation and pollution generation from the Alborz Sharghi coal washing waste dump. The pyrite oxidation reaction is described by the shrinking-core model. Gaseous diffusion is the main mechanism for the transport of oxygen through the waste. The results of numerical modelling were compared with the field observations and close agreement was achieved. A simple mathematical model incorporating advection and hydrodynamic dispersion processes was also presented in order to verify the results of geophysical time-laps method showing transportation of the pollutants through the downstream of the waste dump. Both mathematical model and geophysical time-laps method are agreed in the identification of pollutant transport emanated from the waste dump. The results of such investigations can be used for designing an effective environmental management program.     

砟子煤矿区硬质高岭(土)岩生产高白度煅烧高岭土工艺研究

吉林省地质矿信息中心与白山市八道江区煤管局合作,对山地区石炭、二叠系煤系地层中的硬质高岭（土）岩进行了实验室加工试验,得出了影响砟子煤矿区硬质高岭（土）岩煅烧高岭土白度的六大因素,指出了煅烧工艺对砟子煤矿区硬质高岭（土）岩的关键所在,但各因素之间又是相关连,相互渗透的,对下一步建厂生产指明了方向,清楚地论述了应用砟子煤矿区硬质高岭（土）岩的煅烧加工过程,获得超细双９０型造纸涂料级产品的把握所在,双９０型产品指的是：粒度－２μｍ〉９０％,白度（ＧＥ高度）〉９０度。     

六盘水市煤炭资源开发环境影响初探

探讨了六盘水市煤岩资源开发过程中产生的废弃物,煤矸石、矿区废水、废气对其环境的危害性,指出其环境治理的紧迫性,应加强综合治理。     

矿区煤及矸石压占灾害决策树分类提取方法

矿业活动为现代工业提供物质基础的同时,极大扰动矿区原有生态结构。煤与矸石压占是矿区多种地质灾害的一种,煤与矸石压占直接造成矿区珍贵的土地资源的浪费,同时,煤与矸石自燃、淋溶、扬尘以及天然放射性对矿区环境有严重影响。近年来,遥感技术以其大范围、实时性等技术优势,在探索矿业活动与生态保护共同途径方面做了大量有益的尝试,尤其在地质灾害监测预警方面体现了广阔应用前景。本文通过对矿区遥感影像的一系列处理(如图像校正,图像增强,图像分类),探索性地采用基于人工智能的决策树分类方法,有效地排除掉同谱异物的现象的影响,高精度地提取出矿区煤与矸石堆放场,为统计煤与矸石压占,预知煤与矸石自燃,判断煤与矸石淋溶、扬尘以及天然放射性对周围环境的影响,以及为今后煤与矸石场的选址规划,提供第一手定量化的地理属性资料。     

Raw and calcination-modified coal waste as adsorbents to remove cadmium from simulated mining wastewater

The adsorption of cadmium from simulated mining wastewater by coal waste (CW) and calcination-modified coal waste (MCW) was investigated. Effects of pH, initial concentration, particle size of adsorbent, adsorbent dosage and temperature were studied in batch experiments. The adsorption efficiency for cadmium increased with increasing pH, and the optimum pH for cadmium adsorption onto MCW and CW was 6.0 and 6.5, respectively. Kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption equilibrium was reached within 120 min and followed pseudo-second-order model well. The adsorption isotherm data fit Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the adsorption capacity of cadmium on the two adsorbents increased with increasing temperature from 298 to 318 K. MCW had a higher adsorption capacity of cadmium than CW, because calcination treatment can make CW to have more loose structure and higher specific surface area. Thermodynamic parameters, the Gibbs free energy change (?G⁰), enthalpy change (?H⁰) and entropy change (?S⁰), were calculated and the results showed that the adsorption of cadmium on CW and MCW was spontaneous and endothermic. Fourier transform infrared studies indicated silanol and aluminol groups were responsible for cadmium binding. The desorption results indicated that the two adsorbents could be used repeatedly at least three times without significant decrease in the adsorption capacity for cadmium. The results suggested that modified CW could have high potential as low-cost adsorbent for cadmium removal.     

平顶山矿区煤矸石特征及综合利用途径

在查明平顶山矿区煤矸石占地面积、矸石积存量及年排矸量的基础上，作者系统地采集了全矿区井上和井下煤矸石样品，进行了化学分析、工业分析、光谱分析、Ｘ射线衍射、岩矿鉴定和扫描电镜测定。查明了本矿区煤矸石的成分、矿物及微量元素特征。并指出了各类矸石可资进行综合利用的途径。     

利用光学卫星遥感数据监测抚顺地区煤矿开采引起的地貌变化

抚顺市是中国重要的采煤城市之一,100多年的煤矿开采已经使抚顺地区的地貌特征发生了重大变化。由于长期的露天开采,抚顺西露天矿形成了一个海拔约为-300m的深坑;煤矿的地下开采造成了大面积的地表沉陷;与此同时,煤矸石的露天堆积形成了3个排土场。本研究利用多时相的美国Landsat MSS（Multispectral Scanner）,TM（Thematic Mapper）,ETM⁺（Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus）,以及日本ASTER（Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer）卫星遥感数据分析过去近30年来抚顺地区煤矿开采所引起的地貌变化。多时相卫星遥感图像的对比分析显示,由于地面沉陷引起的地表积水面积在近5年（2001～2006年）内出现明显增大的趋势,增加了1.73km。同期的ASTER DEM数据对比分析还发现,西露天矿的开采深度在不断增加,最大增加量为55m,与此同时出现的新增排土场造成地面高程增加量最大为25m。这一研究表明利用遥感技术可以定量监测人类矿产开发活动所引起的地貌特征变化及其过程。     

Leaching Behavior of Fly Ashes from Power Plants

The Yanzhou mine district, located in southwestern Shandong Province, is about 1300 km2 with more than 8×109tons of proved coal reserves and there are 10 big power plants in this area. A large amount of coal ashes, which are regarded as waste materials, have been stockpiled in the area and have influenced the environment of the mine district. In this paper, analysis of fly ash samples from three power plants is carried out, the enrichment and concentration of trace elements, Pb, Zn, Cu and As, in coal ashes are analyzed, and petrological and mineralogical characteristics and chemical compositions of coal ashes are studied. The aim of this work is to provide basic scientific data for utilization of ashes and reduction of environmental pollutions.     

系列富硅铝矿石水热晶化法合成纳米莫来石复相粉体的研究

分别以粉煤灰、煤矸石、红柱石千枚岩、油页岩渣等富硅铝矿石为原料,经过除杂、煅烧活化后,利用水热晶化法制备出纳米莫来石复相粉体。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量色散X射线荧光光谱分析(EDX)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等手段研究了复相粉体的物相组成与显微结构,并用魔角旋转核磁(MAS~NMR)分析水热晶化反应机理。结果表明:经过一定温度煅烧活化后,当NaOH溶液浓度为2~3 mol/L、搅拌温度80~90℃、恒温3 h、液固比为10 mL/g时,上述四种原料均可制得以莫来石为主晶相的纳米复相粉体,其中以煤矸石、红柱石千枚岩、油页岩渣为原料制备的晶体均为结晶良好的柱状晶,平均长度分别为50、300和150 nm,平均长径比分别为4、3.5和3.75;以粉煤灰为原料制备的晶体主要呈现棒状、针状和纤维状,其棒状晶长度约30~80 nm、直径约4.5~30 nm。