压力对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯熔体剪切黏度的影响

利用毛细管流变仪和反向压力腔附件在毛细管出口压力高于常压条件下,对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）熔体的剪切粘度变化进行研究,得到了PET剪切黏度分别与毛细管平均压力和剪切速率的依赖关系。结果表明：在恒剪切速率下,PET剪切黏度随着毛细管平均压力的升高而增大,但各剪切速率下增大程度存在差异,在低剪切速率下剪切黏度压力影响更显著;在恒毛细管平均压力下,PET剪切粘度随剪切速率的增大而减小,表现为剪切变稀现象;通过计算得到290℃时PET的恒剪切速率的压力系数约为11.94GPa^-1。     

压力对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚酰胺6共聚物/聚酰胺6共混物流变性能的影响

为研究高压条件下聚合物的流变性能,以熔融共混挤出的方法制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚酰胺6嵌段共聚物(PET-PA6)与聚酰胺6(PA6)共混物,利用安装在反向压力腔末端的旋塞控制毛细管出口压力,研究该共混物在出口压力为5~50 MPa条件下,剪切速率和温度对PET-PA6/PA6共混物流变行为的影响。结果表明:PET-PA6/PA6共混物的剪切黏度随压力的变化规律符合Barus方程;在恒定剪切速率下,随着毛细管内平均压力的增加,剪切黏度逐渐增大;当剪切速率从108 s^-1增加到1 080 s^-1时,压力系数减小19.24%,当温度从265 ℃增加到 290 ℃ 时,压力系数减小32.33%,共混物熔体剪切黏度对压力的依赖性随剪切速率和温度的增加逐渐减小。     

大豆蛋白质面团黏度模型的研究

用毛细管流变仪研究了大豆蛋白质面团的流变特性,并提出了其黏度模型和半经验公式。实验结果表明:大豆蛋白质面团呈现很强的非牛顿性,剪切速率、温度和含水率对表观黏度影响显著;表观黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小,随含水率的增大而减小,温度低于120℃时,随温度的升高而减小,温度高于120℃时,随温度的升高而增大。     

水溶性聚酯的流变行为

由对苯二甲酸(PTA)、乙二醇(EG)、间苯二甲酸乙二酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPE)共缩聚合成水溶性聚酯(WSP)。采用Rosand RH7型毛细管流变仪对自制WSP的流变行为进行研究。结果显示,随着温度升高,WSP剪切黏度下降,非牛顿指数增大;相同温度和相同剪切速率下WSP的剪切黏度比PET大;WSP的剪切黏度随剪切速率的变化较PET更敏感,随着剪切速率的增大WSP的黏流活化能显著降低。同时分析了第3单体SIPE和温度对WSP流变行为的影响。     

易染色聚酯熔体的流变性能

采用高压毛细管流变仪研究了易染色超仿棉聚酯熔体的流变行为,并将其与聚酯熔体的流变行为进行了对比。结果表明：易染色聚酯熔体属于典型的假塑性非牛顿流体,表现出明显的剪切变稀特性;随着温度的升高,易染色聚酯熔体的表观黏度下降,非牛顿指数逐渐增大,结构黏度指数减小;易染色聚酯熔体的黏流活化能随着剪切速率的增大而减小,即其表观黏度的温度敏感性随着剪切速率的增大而降低;与PET熔体相比,易染色聚酯熔体的表观黏度对温度和剪切速率的依赖性更高,且结构化程度更大。     

水溶性聚酯的热性能

为给水溶性聚酯（WSP）的纺丝工艺提供参数,通过示差扫描量热（DSC）分析、热重（TG）分析、流变性能分析、熔融指数对水溶性聚酯的熔点、热稳定性、熔体流动性等相关热性能进行表征。结果表明：与常规聚酯（PET）相比,WSP的结晶能力破坏严重,熔点降低显著;WSP在350℃以下热稳定性能良好,但在350℃以上WSP的热失重比PET明显;在相同的剪切速率及相同温度下,WSP的剪切黏度比PET高;WSP的表观黏度随温度和压力的增加而减小,但当温度达到270℃以上时,WSP的表观黏度随温度和压力的变化趋势减弱。     

低浓度海藻酸钠的流变性及影响因素研究

目的:研究低浓度海藻酸钠的流变性及影响因素;方法:以低浓度海藻酸钠溶液为研究对象,考察其流变性能及浓度、剪切速率、pH值、温度、搅拌时间对溶液黏度的影响;结果:低浓度海藻酸钠溶液的黏度随浓度的增大而增加;其溶液黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小,表现出切力变稀行为;在酸性条件下海藻酸钠溶液的黏度随pH值的升高而下降;当pH值大于6.62时海藻酸钠溶液的黏度基本保持不变;其黏度先随温度的升高呈现波动性变化,随温度的升高先减小,在70℃左右出现极小值后再增大;低浓度海藻酸钠溶液黏度随搅拌时间的增加,均有不同程度的上升.     

低密度聚乙烯的毛细管流变性能

为研制低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)纤维,确定合理的纺丝工艺参数,利用毛细管流变仪研究LDPE材料的流变性能.研究结果表明:LDPE剪切黏度随剪切速率的增大而降低,随温度的升高而降低,非牛顿指数n小于1,随温度的升高而变大;当LDPE纺丝在加工温度为205℃时,非牛顿指数n为0.498,最接近牛顿流体.在150～250℃温度范围内,LDPE的黏流活化能在10 ～13 J/mol之间,且黏流活化能随剪切速率增加而降低,稠度系数K随温度升高而降低,属于假塑性流体,在纺丝过程中可以通过调节温度和剪切速率来改变LDPE熔体的可纺性.     

脉动压中试工艺腌制皮蛋的流变性和凝胶特性变化规律

采用流变仪和质构仪测定脉动压腌制皮蛋过程和后熟过程中蛋白、蛋黄的流变性、凝胶特性的变化规律。结果表明:皮蛋在腌制期间蛋白流变性在第0~36 h表现为非牛顿假塑性流体特性,黏度变化随剪切速率的增加而减小;蛋黄的流变性从胀塑性流体变为非牛顿假塑性流体,腌制0~36 h时黏度随着剪切速率的增大变化不大,36~72 h时黏度随着剪切速率的增大,明显降低。蛋白的凝胶硬度和弹性呈先逐渐增大后变化较小趋于平稳;蛋黄的凝胶硬度和弹性呈现先增大后基本不变的趋势。     

丙三醇对玉米醇溶蛋白流变性和黏结性的影响

为了探明改性玉米醇溶蛋白的流变性和黏结性及其相互关系,研究了丙三醇、温度、剪切速率等对玉米醇溶蛋白流变性和黏结性的影响。结果表明,丙三醇改性的玉米醇溶蛋白具有假塑性流体特性,呈现"剪切变稀"现象。丙三醇含量、剪切温度和剪切速率对玉米醇溶蛋白的流变性有显著影响。随丙三醇含量的增加,玉米醇溶蛋白的黏度明显增加;随剪切温度的增加,黏度呈先下降后增加的趋势,当温度为308 K时,黏度最低;随剪切速率的增加,黏度呈下降趋势。随丙三醇含量的增加,改性玉米醇溶蛋白对竹颗粒的黏结性呈先增加后下降的趋势,当丙三醇体积分数为10%时,黏结性较佳。改性玉米醇溶蛋白的黏度逐渐增加时,其黏结性呈先增加后减小趋势。     

Rheology of scleroglucan dispersions

The rheological properties of a scleroglucan, industrially produced by Sclerotium rolfsii, either in aqueous or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) dispersions at concentrations (c) ranging from 0.01% to 1.5% (w/w) were determined by using Cannon–Fenske capillary viscometers and a dynamic stress rheometer with plate-and-cone geometry under steady shear flow, small amplitude oscillatory shear and creep. The intrinsic viscosity [η] in water and DMSO was found to be equal to 12.1±0.3 and 4.6±0.3 dl/g, respectively. Despite the creep and oscillatory tests pointed out the presence of more or less strong molecular entanglements resulting in a three-dimensional network for c0.35% (w/w), the steady shear flow ones using a stress increasing exponentially with time showed a Newtonian behaviour at low enough shear rates, a pseudo-plastic one in the middle shear rate range and a second Newtonian plateau at very high shear rates. The Cross equation was capable of describing the rheological behaviour of the aqueous scleroglucan dispersions both in the sol and gel domain for shear rates and scleroglucan concentrations in the ranges 5×10⁻⁵–3.5×10³ s⁻¹ and 0.15–1.5% (w/w), respectively; while the Ostwäld-de-Waele model well fitted the apparent viscosity of the scleroglucan dispersion in DMSO at c=1% (w/v) and ranging from 2.5 to 180 s⁻¹.     

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF COCOA DISPERSIONS

The steady-shear viscosities of cocoa mass and cocoa suspensions were measured over a wide range of temperature and cocoa powder content. The effects of gasification, moisture and lecithin contents were also investigated. The viscosity of cocoa mass followed the Quemada or the Casson model. Both viscosity and yield stress decreased with increasing temperature. Degasification also lowered the viscosity and yield stress. The viscosity of concentrated cocoa suspension increased with increasing powder content and exhibited shear-thinning behaviour, and followed the Kreiger and Dougherty model. While the relative intrinsic viscosity was nearly constant, the maximum volume fraction increased with increasing shear stress or shear rate. Addition of moisture in suspension increased the viscosity due to partial gelation of starch; while addition of lecithin decreased the viscosity due to the lesser number of flocs in the suspension.     

冷榨亚麻籽油的流变特性研究

通过低温压榨亚麻籽获得冷榨亚麻籽油（cold—pressed flaxseed oil,CFO）,并分析其主要理化指标,着重研究CFO的静态、动态流变特性,同时分别采用Casson、Herschel-Bulkley和Bingham模型对其流体行为进行拟合,并采用Arrhenius方程分析其粘度热动力学参数。研究结果表明：在剪切速率为0．1～200s“下,CFO由非牛顿流体逐渐转化为牛顿流体;当剪切速率大于10s^-1时,CFO呈牛顿流体;同时分析得出CFO的粘度活化能为3095．4cal／mol;CFO的粘度、剪切应力、损耗模量、塑性稠度系数、高剪切极限粘度和稠度系数随着温度升高而降低,但是温度变化对CFO的贮能模量影响不显著;另外通过比较3个流变模型得出Bingham模型适用于CFO。     

大豆浓缩蛋白溶液表观粘度的研究

本文研究了pH值、温度、NaCl以及SDS对大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)粘度的影响.结果表明:添加NaCl和提高溶液的pH能使SPC的表观粘度升高,剪切速率的影响增加;添加SDS能降低SPC溶液在低剪切速率时的粘度,剪切速率的影响较小;SPC表观粘度随着温度的升高先是升高后再降低.     

Off-line capillary rheometry of corn starch: Effects of temperature, moisture content and shear rate

A capillary rheometer was used to determine the rheological behaviour of corn starch with moisture contents ranging from 27 to 37 g/100 g (wet basis), at temperatures of 85, 100 and 120 °C, and true wall shear rates ranging from 100 to 2000 s⁻¹. It was found that the rheology of the system followed a pseudoplastic law and the interactions between the processing variables such as temperature, moisture content and shear rate were well correlated with viscosity for the experimental range of conditions considered in this work. The apparent viscosity decreased as moisture content, temperature and shear rate increased in agreement with previous work.     

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SOME RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEAT FLOUR DOUGHS

Abstract. Doughs from three flours were sheared between a cone and plate at constant rates in the range 6 times 10^-4-2 times 10^-2 s^-1.
At temperatures between 25 and 40C, the apparent viscosity decreased with increasing temperature and with increasing rate of shear. The effects of the temperature and of the rate of shear were independent one of another, and can be described by an Arrhenius type equation and a power equation, respectively. At temperatures between 45 and 60C, the apparent viscosity increased rapidly with increasing temperature; this is ascribed to starch gelatinization. In this temperature range, the apparent viscosity decreased more rapidly with increasing rate of shear than at lower temperatures.
At temperatures between 25 and 45C, the shear modulus decreased with increasing temperature and slightly increased with increasing rate of shear. From the former fact it is concluded that the elasticity of dough has an origin different from rubber elasticity. In this temperature range, the shear modulus can be described by an equation similar to that for the apparent viscosity. At temperatures between 45 and 65C, the modulus increased with increasing temperature, though to a lesser extent than the apparent viscosity.
Changes in the rate of stress relaxation are in accordance with the effects of temperature and rate of shear on the apparent viscosity and the modulus.