溴掺杂对PEDOT/PSS薄膜性能的影响及机理研究

为改善聚乙撑二氧噻吩∶聚（对苯乙烯磺酸）根阴离子（PEDOT/PSS）薄膜的光学及电学性能,采用共混-旋涂法在石英玻片上制备出溴掺杂的PEDOT/PSS透明导电膜,并就其掺杂导电机理进行了探讨.结果表明：经微量溴掺杂后的PEDOT/PSS薄膜,其透光性能与导电性能均得到提高;质量分数6%溴掺杂条件下,薄膜透光率为95....     

PEDOT/PSS的合成及在抗静电涂料中的应用

利用过硫酸铵为氧化剂通过化学氧化法合成了聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩)/聚对苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT/PSS)。红外光谱证明了PEDOT/PSS的合成。研究了PSS、过硫酸铵的用量,理论固含量的大小对PEDOT/PSS的导电性能及粒径的影响。发现化学氧化法制备PEDOT/PSS较佳的反应条件:PSS中磺酸基与单体的摩尔比为2∶1;过硫酸铵与单体的摩尔比为1.5∶1;固含量范围为2.8%~4.2%。分析了PEDOT/PSS胶粒形成的机理。并用PEDOT/PSS配制成抗静电涂料,在聚丙烯(PP),聚对苯二甲酸二醇酯(APET),聚苯乙烯(PS)基材上涂布测得表面电阻。表面电阻范围为107Ω~108Ω,具有良好的透明性与附着力。     

还原氧化石墨烯/聚3,4-二氧乙烯噻吩∶聚苯乙烯磺酸柔性透明导电薄膜的制备及表征

采用HI整体还原法将原位聚合法制备出的氧化石墨烯/聚3,4-二氧乙烯噻吩∶聚苯乙烯磺酸(GO/PEDOT∶PSS)复合薄膜还原成还原氧化石墨烯/PEDOT∶PSS(RGO/PEDOT∶PSS)复合薄膜。通过X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜、四探针测试仪和紫外分光光度仪等手段对所制备材料的性能进行了表征。结果表明:当RGO掺杂量为15%(质量分数)时,RGO/PEDOT∶PSS复合薄膜综合性能最优,其方块电阻为0.25kΩ/□,透光率达到85.2%(λ=550nm),同时具有优良的导电性和柔性。     

单体溶剂对液相沉降聚合聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩分子结构及性能的影响

将吸附有FeCl_3的聚酰亚胺(PI)膜悬于不同溶剂的3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(EDOT)溶液中,在PI膜表面原位合成了导电聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)涂层。以UV-vis分析溶剂的溶剂化效应,以红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱分析PEDOT的分子结构和氧化态,研究溶剂对液相沉降聚合PEDOT的共轭链长度和掺杂度及导电性的影响。在研究的正庚烷、环己烷、甲苯和氯仿中,溶剂的溶剂化作用依次增强,在其EDOT溶液中沉降聚合产物PEDOT的共轭链长度和掺杂度也依次增大,PEDOT涂层的电导率分别为33.7 S/cm,43.8 S/cm,163.2 S/cm和77.2 S/cm,对PI膜的附着力由0级上升到5B级。溶剂的溶解能力和溶剂化效应增强,液相沉降聚合PEDOT分子的共轭链长度和掺杂度上升,涂层的电导率和附着力增加;溶剂化效应的影响尤为突出。     

水洗工艺对PVA/PEDOT∶PSS共混纤维性能的影响

将PVA溶于DMSO中,制备完全溶解的PVA/DMSO溶液。将PVA/DMSO溶液与PEDOT∶PSS水分散液共混,制得混合均匀的PVA/DMSO/PEDOT∶PSS共混纺丝液。通过湿法纺丝方法将共混纺丝液挤入甲醇凝固浴以凝固成纤,随后凝固定型的纤维经过不同个数的水洗槽进行水洗而制得不同组别的PVA/PEDOT∶PSS共混纤维。探究了水洗次数对PVA/PEDOT∶PSS共混纤维性能的影响。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM),红外光谱分析仪(FT-IR),高阻计和电子单纤维强力仪对共混纤维进行测试表征。结果表明:随着水洗次数的增加,纤维表面形貌逐渐变好,表面沟槽和凹陷数量减少,表面变得更加光滑;纤维的电导率逐渐增加;拉伸强度逐渐升高,断裂伸长率逐渐降低。     

山梨醇掺杂对PEDOT:PSS薄膜结构与性能的影响

为改善聚乙撑二氧噻吩:聚(对苯乙烯磺酸)根阴离子(PEDOT:PSS)薄膜的光学及电学性能,采用共混-旋涂法在石英玻片上制备出山梨醇掺杂的PEDOT:PSS透明导电膜.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD),傅立叶变换拉曼光谱(FT-RM),原子力显微镜(AFM),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM),紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)及四点探针法对薄膜的微结构与性能进行了研究.XRD结果显示山梨醇的掺杂未改变薄膜的聚集态结构;FT-RM表明PEDOT的主要特征峰发生红移,主链结构发生苯-醌转变,分子间作用力增大,导致薄膜表面粗糙度增大,横截面出现索状条纹;薄膜透光率在600～900nm略有升高,导电性能有较大提高,最佳掺杂浓度下,薄膜电导率可达到105S/cm.     

乙二醇掺杂对PVA/PEDOT∶PSS导电纤维结构和性能的影响

通过湿法纺丝制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩:聚对苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT∶PSS)共混纤维,为改善共混纤维的导电性能,在PVA/PEDOT∶PSS共混纺丝液中加入乙二醇,制备出掺杂不同乙二醇含量的共混纤维。探究了乙二醇掺杂对PVA/PEDOT∶PSS共混纤维结构和性能的影响,并分析机理。采用红外光谱、原子力显微镜、显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱仪,高阻计和电子单纤维强力仪对共混纤维的结构和性能进行测试表征。结果表明,随着乙二醇掺杂量的增加,共混纤维电导率逐渐增加,最高达到15.9 S/cm;拉曼光谱显示乙二醇掺杂使PEDOT主链发生苯醌转变,PEDOT的主要特征峰发生红移;红外光谱显示掺杂不改变共混纤维的化学组成;原子力显微镜结果显示随着乙二醇掺杂质量分数的提高,PEDOT与过剩PSS发生相分离,共混纤维表面粗糙度增加;此外,随着乙二醇掺杂质量分数的提高,共混纤维的拉伸强度逐渐升高,断裂伸长逐渐降低。     

有机太阳能电池PEDOT:PSS空穴传输层及其改性的研究进展

有机太阳能电池具有低成本、轻量化、柔性化等优点,是未来对太阳能合理有效利用的最佳方式之一.空穴传输层作为有机太阳能电池的关键组成部分,具有调节OSCs活性层与电极间的能级势垒、提高空穴载流子的收集与传输、OSCs的稳定性与光伏转换效率的作用.聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)是目前广泛使用的有机太阳能电池空穴传输层材料,具有可溶液加工、高透光性、能级匹配等突出优点,但同时也存在电导率低、腐蚀电极、水/氧敏感等缺陷.目前针对PEDOT:PSS缺陷的改性方法主要有通过使用有机溶剂或酸处理,减弱PEDOT与PSS间的相互作用,促进PEDOT与PSS相分离提高电导率,以及掺杂高导性材料、离子液体和盐等方式提高PEDOT:PSS的介电常数;引入交联剂等方式提高PEDOT:PSS的疏水性,降低吸水性倾向;PEDOT:PSS显酸性,而在PEDOT:PSS与电极间插入修饰层,可避免PEDOT:PSS与电极直接接触引起电极的腐蚀.本文综述了近年来改善PEDOT:PSS电导率、酸性以及水和空气敏感性的各种方法:掺杂、复合及补充修饰层等后处理方法.目前改性方法虽然可以克服PEDOT:PSS存在的某一缺陷,但不同后处理工艺差别巨大,工艺通用性受到限制.同时,本文还讨论了改性PEDOT:PSS与电池性能之间的关系,阐述了PEDOT:PSS的改性原则;提出在制备阶段调控PEDOT与PSS的相分离的前处理方法且该方法可以改善PEDOT:PSS膜的形貌与均匀性,亦可弥补目前的后处理方法的不足,以及改变PEDOT链的构象,来克服PEDOT:PSS低电导率、水和空气敏感、腐蚀电极等缺陷,促进基于PEDOT:PSS有机太阳能电池大面积生产工艺的产业化.     

Si/PEDOT:PSS异质结太阳能电池研究进展

以有机材料作为空穴传输层的Si/有机杂化太阳能电池由于其器件结构与制备工艺的不断优化,在短期内实现了理论探究与合成应用的快速增长。但有机材料具有的导电性低和复合界面间稳定性差等缺点,严重影响了复合器件的光电转化效率和使用寿命,阻碍了异质结太阳能电池的技术发展与市场应用。在Si/有机杂化太阳能电池领域,聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT∶PSS)是目前为止效果最佳的有机半导体。PEDOT∶PSS具有高导电性和高透过率等特点,使其成为一种理想的有机空穴传输层材料,并在异质结太阳能电池技术发展和工业应用中脱颖而出。利用PEDOT∶PSS的高导电性能可实现空穴的有效传输,其较高的透过性降低了P-N结生成过程中的寄生吸收,并且在制备中免去了传统硅基太阳能电池所需的高温环节,有效地降低了实际生产成本。近五年来,为降低PEDOT∶PSS中绝缘的PSS对电子传输和表面复合性的影响,大量学者进行了掺杂改性和界面设计的研究工作,有效降低了绝缘性PSS带来的影响,充分发挥了PEDOT高透性和高导电率的优势,优化表面陷光性和器件稳定性,实现了光电转化效率从5.09%至17.4%的大幅度跳跃。本文从Si/PEDOT∶PSS异质结太阳能电池的结构与工作原理出发,重点介绍了Si材料和PEDOT∶PSS有机物的表面修饰、PEDOT∶PSS的掺杂改性、界面氧化层改性和对嵌入式微电网电极改造手段及它们对整体器件性能提升的影响等工作,归纳并分析了Si/PEDOT∶PSS杂化太阳能电池的最新研究进展,展望了太阳能电池的技术研发和理论研究,对未来Si/PEDOT∶PSS异质结太阳能电池的实验室技术研发与工业化生产应用具有一定参考意义。     

PEDOT:PSS薄膜性能优化的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

作为一种电极材料或电极修饰材料,PEDOT：PSS薄膜常用于有机光电器件领域的应用研究。然而,较低的电导率（≤0．8S／cm）与酸性（pH=1.5～2．5）已成为限制PEODT：PSS薄膜在上述领域进一步应用的瓶颈,因此,PEDOT：PSS薄膜性能优化正在成为一个新的研究热点。文中综述了近年来PEDOT：PSS薄膜性能优化研究的新进展,着重论述了有机物掺杂、无机物掺杂、热处理、紫外／臭氧处理、氧等离子体处理以及外加电场等多种方式对PEDOT：PSS薄膜电／光性能的优化效果及相关机理研究。同时,文章对PEDOT：PSS薄膜性能优化研究工作中存在的焦点问题亦进行了客观分析与评价,并探讨了未来研究重点。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.