寄宿制重点中学男女生心理卫生状况比较研究

目的 了解寄宿制初中男女生的卫生状况。方法 采用流调用抑郁量表（ＣＥＳ－Ｄ）、Ｐｉｅｒｓ－Ｈａｒｒｉｓ儿童自我意识量表（ＰＨＳＳ）、家庭环境量表（ＦＥＳ－ＣＶ）、Ａｃｈｅｎｂａｃｈ’ｓ青少年自评量表（ＹＤＲ０、Ｅｙｓｅｎｃｋ个性问卷（ＥＰＱ）、中小学生团体智力测验,对寄宿制初中学生进行评估。结果 女生在情感表达和知识性评分高于男生,而在控制性和独立性主人低于男生;男女生在行为、智力和学校情况以及合     

不同分娩方式对产妇心理影响

本文采用抑郁自评量表（ＳＤＳ），焦虑自评量表（ＳＡＳ）对１５５例孕产妇作了产前、产后心理状况调查，结果显示：产前、产后ＳＡＳ总分值高于常模值；产后ＳＤＳ分值高于产前，剖腹产者ＳＡＳ，ＳＤＳ高于常模值，也高于自然分娩者（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＳＤＳ抑郁严重度指数≥０．５者：剖腹产２５例（３６．７６％），自然分娩者５例（５．２５％）。提示产前产后孕产妇有明显焦虑情绪，剖腹产后有明显抑郁。     

北方汉族过敏性紫癜与HLA相关性研究

为了研究过敏性紫癜（ＡＰ）的发病机理中是否有免疫遗传因素参与，采用国际通用的ＮＩＨ标准微量淋巴细胞毒试验方法检测４０例ＡＰ患者的ＨＬＡ－Ⅰ类抗原，并与１００例北方汉族正常人ＨＬＡ－Ⅰ类抗原频率进行比较。利用聚合酶链反应－序列特异性引物技术（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ）对其中３０例ＡＰ患者进行ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类基因分型，并与１０４例北方汉族正常人的ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类基因频率进行了比较。发现ＡＰ患者ＨＬＡ－Ａ３０＋３１、Ｂ１３、Ｂ３５、Ｂ４０抗原频率较对照组明显增高（Ａ３０＋３１：Ｐｃ＜０．０１，ＲＲ＝７．９７；Ｂ１３∶ＰＣ＜０．０１，ＲＲ＝６．００，Ｂ３５∶Ｐｃ＜１０－５，ＲＲ＝１０．４０；Ｂ４０∶Ｐｃ＜０．０５，ＲＲ＝３．８５）。ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ１０基因频率在ＡＰ患者较正常对照组明显增高（ＤＲ１０∶Ｐｃ＜１０－５，ＲＲ＝２１．８８），而ＨＬＡ－ＤＱ３、ＤＱ６基因频率较正常对照组明显降低（ＤＱ３∶Ｐｃ＜１０－５，ＲＲ＝０．１３；ＤＱ６∶Ｐｃ＜０．０５，ＲＲ＝０．２３）。提示ＡＰ与ＨＬＡ－Ａ３０＋３１、Ｂ１３、Ｂ３５、Ｂ４０、ＤＲ１０正相关，与ＨＬＡ－ＤＱ３ＤＱ６负相关。     

大学生焦虑,抑郁与睡眠质量的相关性研究

本研究应用焦虑自评量表（ＳＡＳ），抑郁自评量表（ＳＤＳ）和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（ＰＳＱＩ）测查了５６０名大学生。以ＳＡＳ≥４５和ＳＤＳ≥５０为界值（Ｘ＋ＳＤ），结果显示１４．４６％和１７．３２％的大学生存在焦虑和抑郁状态，１０．３６％的学生焦虑和抑郁并存。ＳＡＳ和ＳＤＳ评分呈高度正相关（ｒ＝０．７２８Ｐ＜０．０１），ＳＡＳ和ＳＤＳ分与ＰＳＱＩ各成份呈显著正相关关系。焦虑组、抑郁组和焦虑抑郁混合组ＰＳＱＩ评分显著高于正常组。     

“0～6岁发育筛查测验”测试报告

使用“０－６岁发育筛查测验”（ＤＳＴ）对太原市１１４６名０—６岁儿童进行测查。采用Ｃｒｏｎｂａｃｈ′ｓａｌｐｈａ公式计算ＤＳＴ同质性信度；用盖塞尔（Ｇｅｓｅｌ）和学前韦氏（ＷＰＰＳＩ）分别作为３岁组和５岁组的效标。结果为重测信度及测试者信度均在０．７以上（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同质性信度三能区分别为０．９５９、０．９４３、０．９８０。与盖赛尔发育商的相关系数为０．８０（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＤＱ及ＭＩ与ＷＰＰ－ＳＩ总ＩＱ的相关系数为０．５２７及０．６４９（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果表明ＤＳＴ稳定可靠，问卷的结构较好，是早期发现０—６岁儿童发育落后的较好工具。     

用RAPD标记检测棘阿米巴基因组DNA多态性

本文用ＲＡＰＤ技术就我国首次分离到的棘阿米巴角膜炎病原体Ｗ株（ＥＣＮＵ－９２Ｗ１），同其它４个虫株（Ａｃａｎｔｈａｍｏｅｂａｐｏｌｙｐｈａｇａ，Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ，Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａ，Ａ．ｐａｌｅｓｔｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）进行了分子分类的比较研究，并对各虫株的系统发生进行了初步探讨。虫株间的共享度各有差异，其中Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ和Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａ最大，为０．６４５；Ｗ和Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ，Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａ分别为０．６３６，０．６００；Ａ．ｐｏｌｙｐｈａｇａ和Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ，Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａ及Ｗ分别为０．５７６，０．４７６，０．４７８；Ａ．ｐａｌｅｓｔｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ和Ａ．ｐｏｌｙｐｈａｇａ，Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ，Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａ及Ｗ分别为０．２２５，０．２００，０．２７０，０．３０８。结合以往对形态学，同工酶和ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性内切酶分析的结果，进一步为Ａ．ｌｕｇｄｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ－Ａ．ｑｕｉｎａｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ提供了分子证据，并将Ｗ株初步鉴定为此复合体     

nm23-H1、c-erbB-2基因表达与结直肠癌转移的相关性

目的：探讨ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因表达与结直肠癌转移的关系。方法：采用免疫组化ＳＡＢＣ法，检测了８５例结直肠癌中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因的蛋白产物。结果：ＤｕｋｅｓＤ期结直肠癌中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１基因表达显著低于ＤｕｋｅｓＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ各期（Ｐ＜０．０１），ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因表达则显著高于ＤｕｋｅｓＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ各期（Ｐ＜０．０１），两基因在ＤｕｋｅｓＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ各期间的阳性表达差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１与结直肠癌的肝转移呈负相关，ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２呈正相关，但两基因与淋巴结转移均无显著相关；两基因在蛋白水平上存在负相关性     

诊断试验中患病构成比、灵敏度及特异度与准确度的数学关系及变化规律研究

本文研究患病构成比ＣＲＤ、灵敏度Ｓｅ及特异度Ｓｐ与准确度ＳＡｃ和标化准确度ＳＡｃ的数学关系，导出公式如下：Ａｃ＝Ｓｅ×ＣＲＤ＋Ｓｐ（１－ＣＲＤ）；Ａｃ与ＳＡｃ的关系如下：当ＣＲＤ＝５０％时，Ａｃ＝ＳＡｃ。分析了Ａｃ随Ｓｅ、Ｓｐ）和ＣＲＤ的变化规律，即：①当Ｓｅ＝Ｓｐ，无论ＣＲＤ大小，均有Ａｃ＝Ｓｅ＝Ｓｐ；当Ｓｅ＜ｓＰ，则Ａｃ随ＣＲＤ增大而变小；当Ｓｅ＞Ｓｐ，则Ａｃ随ＣＲＤ增大而增大。Ａｃ随ＣＲＤ变动的心减幅度△Ａｃ．ＣＲＤ用公式表示为：△Ａｃ．ＣＲＤ＝△ＣＲＤ（Ｓｅ－Ｓｐ），△ＣＲＤ为ＣＲＤ的增减量。②当ＣＲＤ不变，则Ａｃ随Ｓｅ和Ｓｐ增大而增大，Ａｃ随Ｓｅ和Ｓｐ改变的增减幅度△Ａｃ．ｓｅｓｐ为：△Ａｃ．ｓｅｓｐ＝ＣＲＤ（△Ｓｅ－△Ｓｐ）＋△Ｓｐ．式中△Ｓｅ和△Ｓｐ分别为Ｓｅ和Ｓｐ的增减量。     

重症肌无力血清sIL-2R和AchR-ab水平变化的研究

本文对４０例健康成人和４０例不同临床类型的重症肌无力（ＭＧ）病人（全身型和眼肌型），进行了血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ-２Ｒ）和乙酰胆碱受体抗体（ＡｃｈＲ-ａｂ）检测。结果发现全身型和眼肌型ＭＧ患者的ｓＩＬ-２Ｒ明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．００１），而全身型的ｓＩＬ-２Ｒ明显高于眼肌型（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＡｃｈＲ-ａｂ阴性组的ｓＩＬ-２Ｒ明显高于ＡｃｈＲ-ａｂ阳性组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ｓＩＬ-２Ｒ与ＡｃｈＲ-ａｂ之间经相关性分析，相关系数为-０．４２０８，Ｐ＜０．０５，呈明显负相关。     

用认知行为疗法治疗精神分裂症的继发抑郁

目的：探讨认知行为疗法治疗精神分裂症的继发抑郁的疗效。方法：使用“旧金山预防抑郁研究”教材录制的录像带，对２３例伴有抑郁症状，且符合ＤＳＭ－Ⅳ有关精神分裂症和分裂样精神障碍诊断标准患者，通过看录像进行认知行为疗法，每周一次，８周为一疗程。治疗前后用ＨＡＭＤ、ＣＥＳ－Ｄ、ＨＡＭＡ、ＢＰＲＳ、ＧＡＳ量表评定。结果：认知行为治疗后ＨＡＭＤ、ＣＥＳ－Ｄ、ＨＡＭＡ评分均有逐渐下降趋势、ＧＡＳ评分有逐渐上升趋势（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＢＰＲＳ评分无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；治疗６周及８周ＨＡＭＤ减分率与ＢＰＲＳ减分率、ＧＡＳ变化值之间均呈密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：认知行为疗法能改善精神分裂症的抑郁和焦虑症状，能提高患者临床总体情况和功能水平     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.