蚁群算法在求解旅行商问题中的应用综述

旅行商问题作为组合优化研究中最具挑战的问题之一, 自被提出以来就引起了学术界的广泛关注并提出了大量的方法来解决它. 蚁群算法是求解复杂组合优化问题的一种启发式仿生进化算法, 是求解旅行商问题的有效手段. 本文分别介绍蚁群算法中几个有代表性的算法, 综述了蚁群算法的改进、融合和应用的文献研究进展, 以评价近年来不同版本的蚁群算法为解决旅行商问题的发展和研究成果, 并针对改进蚁群算法结构框架、算法参数的设置及优化、信息素优化和混合算法等方面, 对现被提出的改进算法进行了分类综述. 对蚁群算法在未来对旅行商问题及其他不同领域的研究内容和研究热点的进一步发展提供了展望和依据.     

蚁群算法在TSP问题中的应用

TSP问题(旅行商问题)是组合优化问题中最经典的NP问题之一,蚁群算法是基于群体的一种仿生算法,为求解复杂的组合优化问题提供了一种新思路,本文讨论了如何用基本的蚁群算法来求解TSP问题。     

蚁群算法在TSP问题中的应用

TSP问题（旅行商问题）是组合优化问题中最经典的NP问题之一，蚁群算法是基于群体的一种仿生算法，为求解复杂的组合优化问题提供了一种新思路，本文讨论了如何用基本的蚁群算法来求解TSP问题。     

蚁群算法及其在求解旅行商问题中的应用

蚁群算法是一种求解组合优化问题较好的方法。在蚁群算法的基本原理基础上,以旅行商问题为例,介绍了该算法求解TSP的数学模型及具体步骤,并通过仿真实验与粒子群优化算法等方法比较分析,表明了该算法在求解组合优化问题方面具有良好的性能。     

蚁群算法及其在求解旅行商问题中的应用

蚁群算法是一种求解组合优化问题较好的方法。在蚁群算法的基本原理基础上,以旅行商问题为例,介绍了该算法求解TSP的数学模型及具体步骤,并通过仿真实验与粒子群优化算法等方法比较分析,表明了该算法在求解组合优化问题方面具有良好的性能。     

子旅行商问题及其蚁群求解算法

扩展旅行商问题是根据实际需要对传统旅行商问题的一种延伸和拓展,在实际问题中有许多有趣的应用。提出一种新的扩展旅行商问题(子旅行商问题),传统旅行商问题仅仅是子旅行商问题的一种特例。然后根据子旅行商问题的定义对蚁群系统算法进行改造,设计了一种有效的求解子旅行商问题的蚁群算法,并根据子旅行商问题的特点设计了一种高效的邻域局部搜索技术来提高解的质量。最后在10个TSPLIB范例上进行比较实验。结果表明:改进的蚁群算法能够有效求解提出的子旅行商问题,设计的邻域局部搜索技术是有效的。     

改进蚁群算法的TSP问题研究

蚁群算法是受蚂蚁觅食行为启发的智能仿生优化算法,在求解TSP这一组合优化问题时行之有效。笔者针对基本蚁群算法求解TSP时存在易于陷入局部最优解、过早停滞的缺陷,结合引入参数、分阶段迭代对基本蚁群算法做出改进,并将改进的蚁群算法与基本蚁群算法解决旅行商问题的实验结果进行对比分析,验证改进蚁群算法的效果。     

基于聚类集成的蚁群算法求解大规模TSP问题

ACA（Ant Colony Algorithm）是一种可以有效求解组合优化的TSP（Travelling Salesman Problem）问题的方法。然而,当TSP问题的规模较大时,该算法的求解性能将会明显减弱。本文针对大规模TSP问题提出一种基于聚类集成的蚁群算法IAPACA（Improved AP Ant Colony Algorithm）的求解方法。利用AP（Affinity Propagation）聚类对大规模旅行商问题进行处理,将大规模旅行商问题分为若干子问题,并对每个子问题用蚁群算法进行寻优。然后用改进的集成方案对子问题进行组合,得到问题的结果。最后进行TSPLIB标准库测试算例的实验仿真,实验结果表明,基于聚类集成的蚁群算法具有更好的求解效果。     

基于优化蚁群算法在TSP问题中的应用研究

笔者以求解旅行商问题的最短巡回路径为主要研究对象,对蚁群算法和遗传算法以及二者融合后的原理进行说明。在此基础上建立了它们的数学模型,并详细分析了其求解旅行商问题的步骤。通过对比分析三种算法在eil101算例上的寻优结果可知,在此算例规模的TSP问题上,蚁群算法与遗传算法融合后的寻优效果,明显好于两种算法单独运算时的求解效果。     

求解旅行商问题的几种智能算法

旅行商问题（TSP）是一个典型的组合优化问题,易于描述却难于求解。对于大规模TSP问题,目前仍未有非常有效的方法,如何快速有效的求解TSP问题有着重要的理论价值和实际意义。文章介绍了什么是TSP,论述了目前求解旅行商问题较为有效的六种智能算法（遗传算法、蚁群算法、Hopfield神经网络算法、模拟退火算法、人工免疫算法、混合优化算法）,并简单阐述了其优缺点,给出了未来针对TSP问题的研究重点。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。