脂联素和非酒精性脂肪性肝病与结直肠腺瘤相关性的临床研究

背景:结直肠癌(CRC)发病率和死亡率在我国呈逐年上升趋势,其可由结直肠腺瘤(CRA)发展而来。研究显示脂联素和非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)可能与CRA相关。目的:探讨脂联素和NAFLD与CRA的相关性。方法:纳入2012年2月-2014年3月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院行结肠镜和腹部CT检查的患者938例,按结肠镜和病理学检查结果分为CRA组和对照组(未发现CRA)。回顾性分析患者临床资料,包括性别、年龄、糖尿病史、高血压病史、吸烟史、血脂和转氨酶水平、空腹血糖等;采用ELISA法检测患者脂联素水平;分析脂联素、NAFLD等因素与CRA的相关性。结果:CRA组脂联素水平为(9.87±2.14)μg/m L,对照组为(12.25±4.78)μg/m L,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CRA组NAFLD患者比例显著高于对照组(24.4%对17.6%,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示男性、年龄>50岁、NAFLD、脂联素<12.25μg/m L为CRA的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:脂联素水平降低是CRA的危险因素,NAFLD患者是CRA的易感人群。性别、年龄、脂联素水平、NAFLD与CRA发生相关。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与结直肠腺瘤、结直肠癌发生风险相关性的Meta分析

目的系统评价非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的存在及严重程度与结直肠腺瘤(CRA)和结直肠癌(CRC)发生风险的关联性。方法在PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方、维普数据库检索2019年12月前公开发表的有关NAFLD与CRA和CRC发生风险关系的中英文文献。对检索结果根据纳入和排除标准进行二次筛选、质量评价及相关数据的提取,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入3项纵向队列研究和18项横断面研究,包括130 271例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示:NAFLD患者发生CRA(aOR=1.27,95%CI:1.18～1.36,P 0.000 01)以及进展期CRA/CRC(a OR=1.45,95%CI:1.27～1.65,P 0.000 01)的风险增加。NAFLD的严重程度会影响这种相关性:NASH和/或进展期肝纤维化的患者发生CRA/CRC的风险明显增加(aOR=1.93,95%CI:1.61～2.31,P 0.000 01)。结论 NAFLD的存在与CRA和CRC发生风险的增加相关,而且NAFLD严重程度越高,CRA和CRC的发生风险越高。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与结直肠息肉发病的相关性分析

背景:非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是代谢综合征的肝脏表现,其与结直肠息肉发病可能存在相关性,但仍缺乏足够的认识。目的:探讨NAFLD与结直肠息肉发病的相关性。方法:回顾性分析130例无症状体检患者的临床资料,评估NAFLD、结直肠息肉的检出率,并分析其与体重指数(BMI)、hs-CRP、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)等的相关性。结果:与非NAFLD患者相比,NAFLD患者的结直肠息肉检出率显著升高(66.3%对40.0%,P=0.003 9),BMI、三酰甘油、ALT水平显著升高(P0.05);而两组hsCRP、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、GGT无明显差异(P0.05)。与非结直肠息肉患者相比,结直肠息肉患者的平均年龄显著升高(P=0.013),NAFLD检出率显著升高(72.6%对47.4%,P=0.003 9),而两组BMI、hs-CRP、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、ALT、GGT无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:NAFLD与结直肠息肉的发病可能密切相关。     

代谢综合征患者罹患结直肠腺瘤的风险及其与中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值的关系

目的探讨代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MetS)患者罹患结直肠腺瘤(colorectal adenoma, CRA)的风险及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)与结直肠腺瘤(colorectal adenoma,CRA)的关系。方法回顾性分析2015年9月至2017年3月徐州医科大学附属医院接受肠镜检查患者的临床资料,并统计MetS相关指标,即体质量指数(BMI)、空腹血糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、血常规及相关的代谢疾病与CRA发生的关系。结果将CRA组与非CRA组及对照组进行对比,MetS为CRA的危险因素,且随疾病的发展相关度升高。MetS患者处于高NLR时CRA的发病风险增加。结论 MetS会增加CRA的发病风险,尤其NLR升高的人群其风险更大,对于该类人群积极行肠镜筛查有利于早期发现、治疗CRA,预防结直肠癌。     

瘦素和脂联素在老年结直肠腺瘤合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者中的表达及意义

目的:研究老年结直肠腺瘤合并非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患者结直肠腺瘤的临床特征及探讨瘦素、脂联素的表达与有潜在恶变风险的结直肠腺瘤的关系.方法:82例老年结直肠腺瘤合并NAFLD患者为研究组,286例老年结直肠腺瘤非NAFLD患者为对照组.统计两组患者合并高血压、糖尿病情况,比较两组患者体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(low-density lipoproteincholesterol,LDL-C)、脂蛋白a(lipoprotein a,Lpa)及腺瘤发生部位、大小、数目、病理类型、上皮内瘤变.酶联免疫吸附试验法法检测两组患者瘦素和脂联素的表达.结果:老年结直肠腺瘤合并NAFLD组患者同非NAFLD组相比,吸烟、患有糖尿病、高血压、高甘油三酯血症、高低高密度脂蛋白患者更多(P0.05),且BMI明显高于非N A F L D结直肠腺瘤组(P0.05).结肠腺瘤合并NAFLD组老年患者腺瘤个数多于非NAFLD组(P0.05),绒毛状腺瘤比例也高于非NAFLD组结肠腺瘤患者(P0.05).脂联素在NAFLD组表达高于非NAFLD组(P0.05),而瘦素的表达与之相反(P0.05).脂联素在2个及其以上息肉数组的表达高于单个息肉组(P0.05),在绒毛状息肉组的表达低于非绒毛状息肉组(P0.05),在息肉有高级别瘤样变组的表达高于非高级别瘤样变组(P0.05).瘦素在绒毛状息肉组的表达高于非绒毛状息肉组(P0.05),在息肉有高级别瘤样变组的表达低于非高级别瘤样变组(P0.05).结论:老年结直肠腺瘤合并NAFLD患者腺瘤恶变风险更高,脂联素分泌减少及瘦素水平的升高是可能的原因之一.     

非酒精性脂肪肝与结直肠腺瘤性息肉的相关性

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）和结直肠腺瘤性息肉的相关性。方法选择我院2008年10月-2013年5月完善肠镜检查和相关辅助检查资料完整的住院患者2 165例,随机分为结直肠腺瘤性息肉组413例及正常对照组1 752例。统计两组NAFLD患病率,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析NAFLD与结直肠腺瘤性息肉的关系。结果结直肠腺瘤性息肉组NAFLD患病率高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,NAFLD是结直肠腺瘤性息肉的独立高危因素（OR：1.16;95%CI：1.04-1.58）。结论 NAFLD可增加患结直肠腺瘤性息肉的风险。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病并发结直肠粘膜癌变的临床特征

目的探讨NAFLD患者并发结直肠粘膜病变的临床特征.方法在201例NAFLD患者和861例接受肠镜检查者,观察结直肠粘膜病变的病理类型与临床特征.结果 NAFLD患者结直肠病变的检出率为42.8%,显著高于对照组32.9%（P〈0.01）;其中管状腺瘤及伴中度以上不典型增生者均较对照组升高（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,女性发病年龄高峰较男性提前.结论 NAFLD患者易并发结直肠粘膜病变,应定期进行全结肠镜筛查.     

胰岛素抵抗与结直肠腺瘤发生和复发的相关性分析

背景:降低结直肠腺瘤(CRA)的发生率和复发率是减少结直肠癌发病的关键。有研究表明,胰岛素抵抗可能参与了这一过程。目的:探讨胰岛素抵抗与CRA发生和复发的相关性。方法:收集238例CRA患者的临床资料,以200例名结肠镜检查正常者作为对照。比较两组腰臀比(WHR)、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂联素、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、HOMA-IR等指标,探讨胰岛素抵抗与CRA发生和复发的相关性。结果:CRA组和对照组WHR、FPG、TG、FINS、血清脂联素、HOMA-IR相比差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),而两组BMI、DBP、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C相比无明显差异(P 0. 05)。胰岛素抵抗者的CRA发生率(80. 1%对41. 4%)和复发率(62. 4%对46. 3%)均高于无胰岛素抵抗者。多元Logistic回归分析显示腺瘤家族史、代谢综合征、HOMA-IR是CRA发生的独立危险因素(P 0. 05),代谢综合征、腺瘤家族史、腺瘤数目、腺瘤大小、病理类型、HOMA-IR为CRA复发的独立危险因素(P 0. 05)。结论:存在胰岛素抵抗者的CRA发生率和复发率均高于无胰岛素抵抗的患者。     

医学新信息

NAFLD患者结直肠腺瘤患病率高非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)与结直肠腺瘤和结直肠晚期肿瘤的高患病率相关,腺瘤在右侧结肠较为普遍。2011年2月21日《消化道》(GUT)在线发表文章建议,对上述高危人群进行结直肠癌筛查。研究者选取普通人群及经连续肝活检证实为NAFLD的患者,年龄为40～70岁,组成2组研究队列进行结直肠镜筛查,主要观     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与结直肠腺瘤发病相关性的Meta分析

[目的]系统评价非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)与结直肠腺瘤之间的关系。[方法]计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国维普数据库、PubMed、Web of science、Embase、Cochrane图书馆等数据库，纳入涉及NAFLD与结直肠腺瘤关系的研究。根据文献纳入及排除标准筛选文献并评价质量，采用RevMan5.3对纳入文献进行Meta分析，stata15.0对文献进行发表偏移检验。[结果]最终纳入15篇研究，包括6401例结直肠腺瘤患者。Meta分析结果显示：NAFLD与结直肠腺瘤的关系密切(OR=1.58,95%CI:1.37～1.82,P<0.000 01)。各研究组分析显示：在国内组与国外组、超声检查组与CT检查组以及病例对照研究组、队列研究组与横断面研究组中病例者与对照者相比均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]NAFLD与结直肠腺瘤发病具有一定相关性。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.