Mitochondrial Antioxidants Alleviate Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in a Cellular Model of Sepsis

Purpose  

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in sepsis.     

Expression of GFP in the Mitochondrial Compartment Using DQAsome-Mediated Delivery of an Artificial Mini-mitochondrial Genome

Purpose  

We describe a novel strategy for expression of GFP in mammalian mitochondria.     

Parathyromatosis after parathyroidectomy because of primary hyperparathyroidism: A case report

Introduction  

Differential diagnosis and treatment of recurrent hyperparathyroidism are complicated.     

The effects of clozapine on quinpirole-induced non-regulatory drinking and prepulse inhibition disruption in rats

Rationale  

The biological underpinnings of schizophrenic polydipsia are poorly understood.     

Short circuit: Disaggregation of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in HIV‐positive,methamphetamine‐using men who have sex with men

Objective

This study examined if methamphetamine use alone (METH + HIV?) and methamphetamine use in combination with HIV (METH + HIV+) were associated with hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation as well as insulin resistance relative to a nonmethamphetamine‐using, HIV‐negative comparison group (METH‐HIV?).

Methods

Using an intact groups design, serum levels of HPA axis hormones in 46 METH + HIV? and 127 METH + HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM) were compared to 136 METH‐HIV? men.

Results

There were no group differences in prevailing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or cortisol levels, but the association between ACTH and cortisol was moderated by METH + HIV+ group (β = ?0.19, p < .05). Compared to METH‐HIV? men, METH + HIV+ MSM displayed 10% higher log₁₀ cortisol levels per standard deviation lower ACTH. Both groups of methamphetamine‐using MSM had lower insulin resistance and greater syndemic burden (i.e., sleep disturbance, severe depression, childhood trauma, and polysubstance use disorder) compared to METH‐HIV? men. However, the disaggregated functional relationship between ACTH and cortisol in METH + HIV+ MSM was independent of these factors.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to characterize the bio‐behavioral pathways that explain dysregulated HPA axis functioning in HIV‐positive, methamphetamine‐using MSM.     

Dopamine transporter-related effects of modafinil in rhesus monkeys

Rationale  

Modafinil is currently used as a treatment for daytime sleepiness.     

Dose finding of melatonin for chronic idiopathic childhood sleep onset insomnia: an RCT

Rationale  

Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in children might differ from that in adults.     

Restricted role of CRF1 receptor for the activity of brainstem catecholaminergic neurons in the negative state of morphine withdrawal

Rationale  

Evidence suggests that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system is an important mediator in the negative symptoms of opioid withdrawal.     

Effects of Iontophoresis and Chemical Enhancers on the Transport of Lidocaine and Nicotine Across the Oral Mucosa

Purpose  

To analyze the effects of chemical enhancers and iontophoresis on the buccal transmucosal delivery of lidocaine and nicotine.     

Neurophysiological functioning of occasional and heavy cannabis users during THC intoxication

Rationale  

Experienced cannabis users demonstrate tolerance to some of the impairing acute effects of cannabis.     

Investigation of the Milling-Induced Thermal Behavior of Crystalline and Amorphous Griseofulvin

Purpose  

To gain a better understanding of the physical state and the unusual thermal behavior of milled griseofulvin.     

The Utility of an Isolated Mitochondrial Fraction in the Preparation of Liposomes for the Specific Delivery of Bioactives to Mitochondria in Live Mammalian Cells

Purpose  

To develop and evaluate liposomal formulations prepared with an isolated mitochondrial fraction as a mitochondria-specific delivery vehicle     

Lack of effect of dalcetrapib on QT interval in healthy subjects following multiple dosing

Purpose  

Evaluate dalcetrapib’s potential to prolong QT intervals in healthy subjects.     

Mathematical Model to Predict Skin Concentration of Drugs: Toward Utilization of Silicone Membrane to Predict Skin Concentration of Drugs as an Animal Testing Alternative

Purpose  

To calculate the skin concentration of active ingredients in cosmetics and topical pharmaceuticals using silicone membrane permeation.     

Effects of acute modafinil on cognition in trichotillomania

Rationale  

Individuals with trichotillomania often report significant difficulty resisting the urges and drive to pull hair.     

Residual effects of esmirtazapine on actual driving performance: overall findings and an exploratory analysis into the role of CYP2D6 phenotype

Introduction  

Esmirtazapine is evaluated as a novel drug for treatment of insomnia.     

The role of nicotinic receptors in the amelioration of cholinesterase inhibitors in scopolamine-induced memory deficits

Rationale  

Nicotine receptors in the brain are closely related with memory amelioration induced by cholinesterase inhibitors.     

Assessment of inter-individual variability in predicted phenytoin clearance

Objective  

To assess the inter-individual variability in phenytoin (PHT) clearance predicted from in vitro kinetic data.     

Influence of body weight and type of chow on the sensitivity of rats to the behavioral effects of the direct-acting dopamine-receptor agonist quinpirole

Rationale  

Amount and type of food can alter dopamine systems and sensitivity to drugs acting on those systems.     

Polymer Micelles with Hydrazone-Ester Dual Linkers for Tunable Release of Dexamethasone

Purpose  

To develop polymer micelles for the tunable release of Dexamethasone (DEX) in tumors.