Al2O3/Al2O3 Joint Brazed with Al2O3-particulate-contained Composite Ag-Cu-Ti Filler Material

1.IntroductionTo improve the mechanical properties and relieve mis-matches between the filler metals and base materials,the particulates of superalloys,ceramic or carbon fiberswere added into the conventional brazing filler metal toform composite filler material.The method has beenused in aero-engine component repairing[1,2],fine castcomponent joining[3],wide clearance butt jointing[4],ce-ramic brazing[5,6]and electronic package[7].However,the method was used mostly in metal brazing.The mi-cro…     

Processing and interfacial bonding strength of 2014 Al matrix composites reinforced with oxidized SiC particles

The SiC powder with a SiO₂ protective layer is used as the reinforcements for 2014 Al/SiC_p composites to suppress the reaction between the Al matrix and the SiC particle. 2014 Al/SiC_p composites were fabricated by vacuum hot pressing (VHP) and subsequent extrusion using 2014 Al powders and the SiC particles covered with a SiO₂ layer. The interfacial product was found to be Mg spinel (MgAl₂O₄) formed mainly by the chemical reactions of the SiO₂ layer covered on SiC particles with the Mg, Al in the 2014 Al alloy matrix. Also the interfacial bonding strength of the composites was investigated using push-out tests of SiC rods with the SiO₂ oxidation layer, which were processed within 2014 Al alloy.     

CaCO3增强马来酸化蓖麻油树脂及其泡沫塑料

以马来酸化蓖麻油(MACO)为主要原料,利用无机矿物碳酸钙(CaCO₃)粒子作为增强材料制备了环境友好的CaCO₃/MACO复合材料及其泡沫塑料,研究了CaCO₃对MACO力学性能、动态力学性能和热稳定性的影响,分析了无机粒子与基体间的界面相互作用.研究结果表明:CaCO₃含量及其与MACO基体聚合物间的界面黏结是影响复合材料强度的关键因素.随CaCO₃含量增加,CaCO₃/MACO复合材料的刚性增加,当CaCO₃添加量为60wt%时,复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度达到最优,分别为26.7 MPa 和46.2 MPa,基本达到部分通用塑料的水平.动态力学和热稳定性分析证明:CaCO₃作为增强填料可有效提高蓖麻油基塑料的储存模量、玻璃化转变温度和热分解温度.这些行为归于MACO树脂中的羧基和羰基官能团能与CaCO₃发生氢键和配位键合作用,形成良好的界面结合.CaCO₃也能增强CaCO₃/MACO复合泡沫塑料,当泡沫塑料密度为0.24 g/cm³时,加入20wt%的 CaCO₃,其压缩强度和模量比纯泡沫塑料的分别提高142.0%和211.5%.添加矿物填料可降低材料中石油基原料的用量,降低材料成本,增加复合材料与环境的相容性.     

INTERFACIAL MODIFICATION IN METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES BY THE SOL-GEL PROCESS

Detailed examination of thermodynamic and kinetic data suggest that it should be possible to develop an interfacial barrier coating which promotes wetting of metal matrix composite reinforcements, while simultaneously reducing deleterious interfacial chemical interactions. The current study has examined the feasibility of developing a procedure to coat graphite reinforcements with a thin, crack-free, protective oxide layer. Emphasis in this investigation being placed on sol-gel, TiO₂, coated PAN 650/42 graphite for inclusion in an aluminum metal matrix. Initially, the effect of the sol-gel composition and coating procedure on the coating uniformity, structure, and thickness were investigated. These procedures were then utilized for graphite fiber coating, with the coated fiber preforms being subsequently infiltrated by pure liquid aluminum. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis, optical and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that no reaction occurred at the TiO₂ -C interface, while chemical wetting and formation of a mixed (Al, Ti)O₂ oxide occurred at the TiO₂-Al interface.     

Microstructural characterization and quantitative analysis of the interfacial carbides in Al(Si)/diamond composites

The existence of interfacial carbides is a well-known phenomenon in Al/diamond composites, although quantitative analyses are not described so far. The control of the formation of interfacial carbides while processing Al(Si)/diamond composites is of vital interest as a degradation of thermophysical properties appears upon excessive formation. Analytical quantification was performed by GC–MS measurements of gaseous species released upon dissolving the matrix and interfacial reaction products in aqueous NaOH solutions and the CH₄/N₂ ratio of the evolving reaction gases can be used for quantification. Although the formation of interfacial carbides is significantly suppressed by adding Si to Al, also a decline in composite thermal conductivity is observed in particular with increasing contact time between the liquid metal and the diamond particles during gas pressure infiltration. Furthermore, surface termination of diamond particles positively affects composite thermal conductivity as oxygenated diamond surfaces will result in an increase in composite thermal conductivity compared to hydrogenated ones. In order to understand the mechanisms responsible for all impacts on the thermal conductivity and thermal conductance behaviour, the metal/diamond interface was electrochemical etched and characterized by SEM. Selected specimens were also cut by an ultrashort pulsed laser system to characterize interfacial layers at the virgin cross section in the reactive system Al/diamond.     

Effects of Al2O3 Particulates on the Thickness of Reaction Layer of Al2O3 Joints Brazed with Al2O3-Particulate-Contained Composite Filler Materials

In order to understand the rate-controlling process for the interracial layer growth of brazing joints brazed with active composite filler materials, the thickness of brazing joints brazed with conventional active filler metal and active composite filler materials with different volume fraction of AI203 particulate was studied. The experimental results indicate although there are Al2O3 particulates added into active filler metals, the time dependence of interracial layer growth is t^2 as described by Fickian law for the joints brazed with conventional active filler metal. It also shows that the key factor affecting the interracial layer growth is the volume fraction of alumina in the composite filler material compared with the titanium weight fraction in the filler material.     

Al-Mg合金电子束填丝焊接头的显微组织与力学性能

采用ER5183焊丝作为填充材料,对厚度为2 mm的Al-Mg合金进行真空电子束填丝焊接,并对焊接接头的微观组织及力学性能进行分析测试。结果表明,在合适的焊接工艺条件下,获得的Al-Mg合金接头焊缝成形良好。微观分析显示,接头熔合区为柱状晶和等轴状枝晶组织,主要由α(Al)基体相和β(Al₃Mg₂)强化相组成,焊缝中存在大量的缠结位错和第二相粒子。力学性能测试表明,与母材区的硬度相比,接头熔合区的硬度有所降低。在最佳工艺条件下获得接头的抗拉强度为311.2 MPa,达母材抗拉强度的96.9%。接头拉伸断口表面分布的韧窝数量较多,呈明显的韧性断裂特征。      

超重力场反应连接制备TiB_2-TiC/1Cr18Ni9Ti和TiB_2-TiC/Ti-6Al-4V梯度复合材料

以1Cr18Ni9Ti、Ti-6Al-4V为金属基底,通过在B4C+Ti体系中引入CrO_3+Al铝热剂,调整反应体系绝热温度依次为3 193、3 282、3 290及3 473K,采用超重力场反应连接制备TiB_2-TiC/1Cr18Ni9Ti和TiB_2-TiC/Ti-6Al-4V梯度复合材料,发现随着反应绝热温度升高,陶瓷/金属界面区厚度不仅因金属熔深增加而增大,并且残存于界面上的Al_2O_3夹杂也随之增多。分别对B4C+Al体系与CrO_3+Al铝热剂进行配制、球磨活化、压制成坯并依次填料入坩埚后,发现残存于界面上的Al_2O_3夹杂完全消除,同时发现在TiB_2-TiC/1Cr18Ni9Ti界面上生成三维网络陶瓷/金属梯度复合结构,而在TiB_2-TiC/Ti-6Al-4V界面上形成跨尺度多层次梯度复合结构。     

Brazing of Aluminum Matrix Composite with Sn10Ag4Ti Active Filler Metal

The joining of 6061 aluminum matrix composites (6061 MMC) was conducted using a low temperature filler metal, Sn₁₀Ag₄Ti, in a vacuum of 1×10^-4torr. The results showed that Sn₁₀Ag₄Ti had superior wettability on the 6061 aluminum matrix composites surface. It was evident from the EPMA analyses of Sn₁₀Ag₄Ti brazements that a significant reaction zone could be observed at the 6061 aluminum matrix composites/filler metal interface. The Sn, Ag and Ti elements in the filler metal play different roles during the brazing. The good wetting behavior of the Sn₁₀Ag₄Ti/ monolithic 6061 alloy and Sn₁₀Ag₄Ti/Al₂O₃ system was suspected to cause the enhancement of the joint strength of the Sn₁₀Ag₄Ti/6061 MMC during the brazing.     

不基于熔态润湿的Al/Al2O3直接钎焊

针对Al熔液在850℃以下不润湿Al₂O₃而难以直接钎焊的困难, 本工作研究了溅射Al对Al₂O₃的“润湿”作用, 提出了一种采用溅射Al基薄膜作为钎料直接钎焊Al₂O₃的方法。结果表明, 这种方法可以在不满足熔态Al润湿条件的680℃实现Al和Al-Cu合金对Al₂O₃的直接真空钎焊, 并且仅需0.1 Pa的真空度。所获得的Al/Al₂O₃的接头剪切强度达到115 MPa, Al-1.6at% Cu合金钎焊接头的剪切强度可提高到163 MPa, 当钎料中的Cu含量提高至14.3at%后, 钎焊接头中焊缝与陶瓷界面产生Cu的偏聚, 接头的剪切强度因界面断裂降低为127 MPa。并对这种不基于金属熔态润湿钎焊方法的原理进行了分析讨论。     

Microstructures, densification and mechanical properties of TiC–Al2O3–Al composite by field-activated combustion synthesis

Dense TiC–Al₂O₃–Al composite was prepared with Al, C and TiO₂ powders by means of electric field-activated combustion synthesis and infiltration of the molten metal (here Al) into the synthesized TiC–Al₂O₃ ceramic. An external electric field can effectively improve the adiabatic combustion temperature of the reactive system and overcome the thermodynamic limitation of reaction with x < 10 mol. Thereby, it can induce a self-sustaining combustion synthesis process. During the formation of Al₂O₃–TiC–Al composite, Al is molten first, and reacted with TiO₂ to form Al₂O₃, followed by the formation of TiC through the reaction between the displaced Ti and C. Highly dense TiC–Al₂O₃–Al with relative density of up to 92.5% was directly fabricated with the application of a 14 mol excess Al content and a 25 V cm⁻¹ field strength, in which TiC and Al₂O₃ particles possess fine-structured sizes of 0.2–1.0 μm, with uniform distribution in metal Al. The hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness of the synthesized TiC–Al₂O₃–Al composite are 56.5 GPa, 531 MPa and 10.96 MPa m^1/2, respectively.     

Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of Ti3Al-base alloy with NiCrSiB

Brazing of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB was carried out at 1273–1373 K for 60–1800 s. The relationship of brazing parameters and shear strength of the joints was discussed, and the optimum brazing parameters were obtained. When products are brazed, the optimum brazing parameters are as follows: brazing temperature is 1323–1373 K, brazing time is 250–300 s. The maximum shear strength of the joint is 240–250 MPa. Three kinds of reaction products were observed to have formed during the brazing of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB, namely, TiAl₃ (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds formed close to the Ti₃Al alloy. TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds layer formed between TiAl₃ (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds and the filler metal and a Ni[s,s] solid solution formed in the middle of the joint. The interfacial structure of brazed Ti₃Al alloy joints with the filler metal NiCrSiB is Ti₃Al/TiAl₃ (TiB₂)/TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂)/Ni[s,s] solid solution/TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂)/TiAl₃ (TiB₂)/Ti₃Al, and this structure will not change with brazing time once it forms. The formation of over many intermetallic compounds TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) results in embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The thickness of TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds increases with brazing time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity K₀ of the reaction layer TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) in the brazed joints of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB are 349 kJ/mol and 24.02 mm²/s, respectively, and the growth formula was y²=24.04exp(−41977.39/T)t. Careful control of the growth of the reaction layer TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) can influence the final joint strength.     

Microstructure and Strength of Brazed Joints of Ti3Al Base Alloy with Cu-P Filler Metal

Brazing of Ti3AI alloys with the filler metal Cu-P was carried out at 1173-1273 K for 60-1800 s. When products are brazed, the optimum brazing parameters are as follows: brazing temperature is 1215-1225 K; brazing time is 250-300 s. Four kinds of reaction products were observed during the brazing of Ti3AI alloys with the filler metal Cu-P, i.e., Ti3AI phase with a small quantity of Cu (Ti3AI(Cu)) formed close to the Ti3AI alloy; the TiCu intermetallic compounds layer and the Cu3P intermetallic compounds layer formed between Ti3AI(Cu) and the filler metal, and a Cu-base solid solution formed with the dispersed Cu3P in the middle of the joint. The interfacial structure of brazed Ti3AI alloys joints with the filler metal Cu-P is Ti3AI/Ti3AI(Cu)/TiCu/Cu3P/Cu solid solution (Cu3P)/Cu3P/TiCu/Ti3AI(Cu)/Ti3AI, and this structure will not change with brazing time once it forms. The thickness of TiCu+Cu3P intermetallic compounds increases with brazing time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity K0 of reaction layer TiCu+Cu3P in the brazed joints of Ti3AI alloys with the filler metal Cu-P are 286 kJ/mol and 0.0821 m2/s, respectively, and growth formula was y2=0.0821exp(-34421.59/T)t. Careful control of the growth for the reaction layer TiCu+Cu3P can influence the final joint strength. The formation of the intermetallic compounds TiCu+Cu3P results in embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The Cu-P filler metal is not fit for obtaining a high-quality joint of Ti3AI brazed.     

SiCp/Al复合材料焊接综述

为实现SiCp/Al复合材料的高质量可靠焊接,推广SiCp/Al复合材料在各领域的应用,调研了国内外SiCp/Al复合材料不同焊接方法的研究现状。在熔化焊方面,国内外学者通过调整工艺参数、在焊缝中加入Ti元素发生诱发反应等方法,抑制了焊缝中Al4C3针状脆性相的形成,从而提高了焊接接头的力学性能。在搅拌摩擦焊方面,国内外学者针对不同材料设计了专用的焊接搅拌头,以保证它们具备高耐磨性与足够的冲击韧性,在焊接过程中不出现破损情况;关注了焊接过程中焊接头转速、焊接速度、轴向力与热输入等因素,以获得力学性能优秀、晶粒细小均匀的焊接接头。在扩散焊方面,国内外学者探究了中间夹层对焊缝界面间原子相互扩散的促进作用;采取不同工艺参数,以外加超声或电子束表面加热等方式促进了原子间的相互扩散,以获得力学性能优异的焊接接头,提高焊接效率。在钎焊方面,国内外学者通过探究钎料与SiCp/Al复合材料之间的润湿性来组合钎料与钎剂,通过化学腐蚀处理表面暴露颗粒增强相、在复合材料表面电镀金属等方法来增大钎料与增强相的润湿性、解决钎料铺展受阻的问题,以进一步提高钎焊焊接接头质量。     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料界面控制研究进展

碳纳米管被认为是下一代最理想的铝基复合材料增强相,其与铝基体的界面结合情况是影响复合材料性能的重要因素之一。介绍了碳纳米管与铝基体界面反应条件以及界面反应产物对复合材料性能的影响,从碳纳米管表面金属包裹、碳纳米管表面化学键的修饰、制备工艺参数等方面综述了界面优化的方法,并讨论了界面优化对碳纳米管增强效率的影响。     

Hydrophilic behaviour of gold-poly (o-phenylenediamine) hybrid nanocomposite

An in situ synthesis route is described for the preparation of a gold-poly (o-phenylenediamine) nanocomposite material by the interfacial polymerization route. The synthesis was carried out at the organic–aqueous interface. It was found that polymerization of o-phenylenediamine (PDA) using HAuCl₄ as an oxidizing agent leads to the formation of poly-PDA with a fiber-like morphology, while the reduction of HAuCl₄ results in the formation of well dispersed and stabilized gold nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. The resultant composite material was purely hydrophilic in nature and was deposited in the aqueous fraction of the reaction medium. The metal–polymer was characterized by means of different techniques, such as UV–vis and Raman spectroscopy that provided information about the chemical structure of polymer, whereas electron microscopy images provided information regarding the morphology of the composite material and the distribution of the metal particles in the composite material.     

SiC_P/Al基复合材料在等径角挤扭变形中的界面原子扩散行为

为了研究金属基复合材料在剧烈塑性变形(SPD)过程中增强颗粒与金属基体的界面连接机制,通过等径角挤扭(ECAP-T)工艺在较低温度下制备块状10wt%SiCP/Al基复合材料,并对经过1、2和4道次ECAP-T变形的SiC颗粒与纯Al之间的界面反应以及元素扩散进行了研究。通过TEM和XPS研究了界面和元素扩散,结果表明:即使在较低的外界制备温度下,Al和SiC颗粒表面的SiO2层也能够发生反应,形成主要由Al2O3组成的界面层。相比理论计算值,ECAP-T变形可以将Al的扩散系数提高约1016倍,增强扩散的原因主要是ECAP-T变形促使界面温度升高,且在铝基体内产生空位、位错和晶界等高密度晶格缺陷。     

Analysis of residual stresses in particulate reinforced aluminium matrix composite after EDM

This paper reports the effect of properties of three types of particulate reinforced metal matrix composite materials (65?vol.-%SiC/A356·2, 10?vol.-%-SiC–5?vol.-% quartz/Al, 30?vol.-%SiC/A359) and machining parameters on residual stresses induced in the machined surface during powder mixed electric discharge machining. Three electrode materials (Cu, Gr and Cu–Gr) and three machining parameters, namely, peak current and pulse (on/off) duration, are varied to determine the magnitude of induced residual stresses. The result shows that the workpiece, electrode material properties, and pulse off time significantly contribute in the formation of residual stresses. Concentration of reinforced particulates and matrix conductivity also play a vital role in the development of residual stresses. The deposition of disintegrated particles of composite electrode (Cu–Gr) results in high magnitude of residual stresses.     

Fe/Al异质金属接头界面组织演变、生长动力学及力学性能

采用真空扩散连接方法研究Fe/Al异质金属接头界面组织演变规律、金属间化合物(intermetallic compound,IMC)生长动力学及力学性能。结果表明：焊接温度为550 ℃时,接头界面无IMC生成,当焊接温度超过575 ℃时,界面由Fe₂Al₅及少量FeAl₃ IMC构成,且随焊接温度升高IMC层迅速长大。在120 min保温时间条件下,接头剪切强度随焊接温度的升高先增加后降低,当焊接温度为575 ℃时,接头剪切强度达到最大值37 MPa。在550~625 ℃范围内,基于热力学分析得出Fe₂Al₅的吉布斯自由能ΔG_Fe-Al最低,而FeAl₃的ΔG_Fe-Al次之,在接头界面处IMC生成顺序为Fe₂Al₅→FeAl₃。Fe/Al接头界面IMC的生长随焊接温度呈抛物线规律,其生长激活能为282.6 kJ·mol^-1。在575,600,625 ℃条件下,界面IMC的生长速率分别为1.13×10^-14,3.59×10^-14,1.21×10^-13 m²·s^-1。     

表面功能化纳米SiO2的制备及其在溶液聚合丁苯橡胶-顺丁橡胶中的应用

采用液相原位修饰技术,制备了表面接枝有机硅烷的纳米SiO₂(HB-2200)、表面接枝氨基的纳米SiO₂(HB-2205N)、表面接枝不饱和双键的纳米SiO₂(HB-2205D)、表面接枝氨基和双键的纳米SiO₂(HB-2205ND)。利用TEM、SEM、流变仪对纳米SiO₂/溶液聚合丁苯橡胶-顺丁橡胶(SSBR-BR)复合材料的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:与未改性的纳米SiO₂相比,表面功能化纳米SiO₂与橡胶基体相容性改善,Payne效应降低,纳米SiO₂之间的相互作用减弱,其在SSBR-BR复合材料中的分散性提高。HB-2200/SSBR-BR复合材料的混炼扭矩降低了35.7%,混炼能耗降低了15%,结合胶含量增加,填料/橡胶之间的界面结合作用增强,拉伸强度提高了60%。动态热力学和磨耗性能分析表明:纳米SiO₂表面引入可反应性双键(HB-2205D),使HB-2205D/SSBR-BR复合材料的抗湿滑性能提高了40%,滚动阻力降低了43%。纳米SiO₂表面接枝可反应性双键,可在不牺牲HB-2205D/SSBR-BR复合材料耐磨性能的基础上,降低其滚动阻力,提高其抗湿滑性能,为高性能轮胎的制备提供基础原材料。