阳离子无皂乳液的制备及其施胶增效作用

首先以甲基丙烯酸二甲基胺乙酯和1-溴代十六烷为原料,合成了反应性表面活性剂甲基丙烯酰氧乙基十六烷基二甲基溴化铵(DMHB)。利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征,并测定了表面张力曲线。然后以偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(AIBA)为引发剂,将该反应性表面活性剂与苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)共聚制得了阳离子无皂乳液,利用红外光谱、透射电镜、激光散射粒度仪、胶体电荷滴定对其结构和乳胶粒性质进行了测试与表征。将其应用于纸浆的施胶过程,结果表明,该乳液具有良好的施胶增效作用,可以改善纸浆的白度和强度。     

含氟丙烯酸酯乳液表面施胶剂的制备与应用

以甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯(FMA)、醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,采用种子乳液聚合法制备了一种能够明显提高纸张施胶效果的含氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液。分析了FMA用量对该乳液的性能影响,测定了乳胶膜的对水接触角和吸水率。试验结果表明,用含氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液与淀粉复配进行表面施胶,当其施胶量为1.5g/m2时,可使纸张表面强度增强的同时大大提高纸张的施胶度。     

Gemini型可降解阳离子表面活性剂制备与应用

摘要:以环氧氯丙烷、己二酸和十八烷基二甲基胺为反应原料制备Gemini型双酯类阳离子表面活性剂,并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对其结构进行表征。将该表面活性剂应用到棉织物柔软整理中,探讨了其对棉织物的折皱回复角、断裂强力、白度、柔软度、耐磨性以及亲水性等指标的影响,并与传统的织物整理剂双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(D 1821)进行比较。结果表明,Gemini型阳离子表面活性剂对棉织物的各项整理性能均与传统整理剂D 1821相近,且耐磨性和亲水性更好。     

Gemini型可降解阳离子表面活性剂制备与应用

以环氧氯丙烷、己二酸和十八烷基二甲基胺为反应原料制备Gemini型双酯类阳离子表面活性剂,并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对其结构进行表征。将该表面活性剂应用到棉织物柔软整理中,探讨了其对棉织物的折皱回复角、断裂强力、白度、柔软度、耐磨性以及亲水性等指标的影响,并与传统的织物整理剂双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(D 1821)进行比较。结果表明,Gemini型阳离子表面活性剂对棉织物的各项整理性能均与传统整理剂D 1821相近,且耐磨性和亲水性更好。     

自制松香型表面活性剂用于制备阳离子分散松香胶

以松香和功能单体为原料,制备了松香型阳离子和非离子表面活性剂,将其与OP、吐温等表面活性剂复配乳化松香,对复配体系、转相温度等进行了研究,制备了阳离子分散松香胶,将所制乳液用于瓦楞原纸表面施胶,有明显的效果。     

乙二醛改性淀粉基苯乙烯丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及其表面施胶性能

利用低黏度阳离子淀粉(CS-8)的乳化、分散作用,采用无皂乳液聚合的方法,以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(DM)为主要原料,合成核壳型阳离子苯乙烯丙烯酸酯乳液(SAE),并引入乙二醛对淀粉基SAE进行改性。讨论了制备条件对乳液性能和施胶性能的影响,并对乙二醛改性SAE与未经乙二醛改性SAE、商品苯丙乳液8906的表面施胶性能进行了比较。实验结果表明:当w(CS-8)=8%,m(St)/m(BA)=9:11,w(乙二醛)=10%时,所制SAE乳液性能优异,施胶效果良好。添加乙二醛对淀粉基SAE进行改性提高了乳液对纸张憎水性能和物理强度的改善作用,其施胶效果优于商品苯丙8906。     

正丁胺改性锂皂石制备ASA Pickering乳液及其施胶性能的研究

固体微粒稳定的乳液可以避免表面活性剂的不利影响.以纳米尺寸的锂石颗粒为乳化剂,以正丁胺为锂皂石的改性剂,制备了稳定的ASA乳液,并对其施胶性能、水解稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,当水相pH值为6,锂皂石对ASA用量为1.5%,正丁胺对锂皂石用量为2%时,利用改性锂皂石可以制备稳定的ASA乳液.所制备的ASA乳液可以产生良好的施胶效果,但其水解稳定性较差.铝盐的加入可以显著提高ASA乳液的施胶性能,而且在高铝盐添加量下,即使不使用助留剂,ASA乳液也能产生很好的施胶效果.     

阳离子型含氟丙烯酸酯表面施胶剂的制备及应用

以甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(FM)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)、丙烯酸十八酯(ODA)为原料,采用无皂乳液聚合制得了阳离子含氟丙烯酸酯多元共聚物乳液.单独使用含氟乳液对纸张进行表面施胶,水和油滴在纸张上所成的接触角最大可分别达到121°和80°;将淀粉和含氟乳液以不同质量比复配应用,讨论了复配体系对纸张防水防油性的影响.     

松香型表面活性剂在阳离子分散松香胶中应用研究及其中性施胶

介绍了几种松香型表面活性剂的合成,通过对其分子结构的分析,合理地进行功能性选择,复配的乳化剂用作阳离子分散松香胶的分散剂.采用两种乳化工艺制备松香乳液,考察其乳液微粒、pH值等对稳定性的影响.制备的施胶剂在pH为6～8环境条件下用于纸张施胶,获得满意的施胶效果.     

改性苯乙烯丙烯酸酯乳液及其在表面施胶中的应用

利用高分子质量、低黏度淀粉(CS-8)的乳化、分散作用,以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为主要原料,引入功能性单体,采用核壳聚合法制备了阳离子苯乙烯丙烯酸酯(SAE)乳液。重点研究了功能性单体对SAE乳液性能及表面施胶效果的影响,并与商品苯丙类施胶剂8906及AKD进行了比较。结果表明,选用甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯(DM)为阳离子单体(用量2%),松香为抗水性功能单体,SAE乳液的综合性能较佳。经SAE施胶后,喷墨打印纸的抗水性能和抗张强度均得到明显改善。将以DM、松香为功能性单体所制SAE乳液与苯丙类施胶剂8906及AKD进行比较,发现其对纸张抗水性能和物理强度的改善作用明显优于商品AKD,稍优于苯丙类施胶剂8906。     

脂肪酸阳离子甘油酯CMESA的合成研究

季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂是一种用途广泛的化工产品,本研究以自制季铵盐型活性醚化剂环氧氯丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTMAC)改性十八酸合成阳离子单酯2-羟基-N,N,N-三甲基-3-硬脂酰氧基丙基氯化铵(CMESA)。实验得出CMESA的最佳合成条件为:超声频率40 kHz,n(GTMAC)∶n(十八酸)=1.5∶1.0,反应时间2.5 h,pH=6,反应温度40℃,CMESA产率93.47%。通过元素分析和和红外光谱对产品结构进行了表征。     

Behenamidopropyl Dimethylamine: unique behaviour in solution and in hair care formulations

The rise of ecological awareness among consumers and industry has impacted the cationic surfactants market. The most used cationic surfactants present some drawbacks in this sense. Therefore, new molecules are being studied and developed which fulfil eco‐toxicological requirements without losing performance. One of these surfactants is Behenamidopropyl Dimethylamine (BAPDMA). This biodegradable amidoamine, which converts into a cationic surfactant at acidic pH, shows outstanding water solubility, despite its very long alkyl chain. Its behaviour in solution has been exhaustively studied. The conditioning performance of this product is superior to that of commonly used cationic surfactants, providing a superior sensorial profile and improved combing force reductions on hair. Moreover, other applications for this product in the non‐ionic form have been studied, such as conditioning agent in 2 in 1 shampoos, where it also shows colour protection effects, and as gelling agent in hair colouration creams. This multifunctional and high performance profile, together with an improved biodegradation and aquatic toxicity compared with currently used cationic surfactants, make this product a very interesting eco‐friendly alternative for the hair care market.     

阳离子松香乳液的制备及其施胶性能

用环氧氯丙烷、三乙胺与松香反应制备了松香型阳离子乳化剂,不需加其他表面活性剂,单独用15%的该乳化剂与本实验室自制的阳离子聚合物乳液作分散剂对松香进行乳化,采用常压逆转法制备了阳离子松香乳液,并对该乳液的施胶性能进行了探讨.     

阳离子改性接枝淀粉的合成及其性能的研究

在通氮的条件下,以氧化-还原引发体系引发淀粉、丙烯酰胺与阳离子单体(甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化胺)共聚,得到阳离子改性接枝淀粉,将改性接枝淀粉用作助留助滤剂,取得了满意的效果.     

阳离子Bola型表面活性剂的合成及在腈纶染色中的应用

以1,10-癸二醇、环氧氯丙烷和三甲胺盐酸盐为原料,合成了一种新型阳离子Bola型表面活性剂DCPS2-10,通过FT-IR、1H-NMR表征产物的结构.研究了Bola型表面活性剂对阳离子染料染腈纶的缓染作用.结果表明:阳离子Bola型表面活性剂对阳离子染料具有显著的缓染作用,且不影响染料的最终上染百分率.     

Morphological study of cationic polymer–anionic surfactant complex precipitated in solution during the dilution process

We investigated the phase diagrams and the morphology of the complexes that were formed by cationic polymers, cationic cellulose (CC) and cationic dextran (CD), and by anionic surfactant‐based sodium poly(oxyethylene) lauryl ether sulfate (LES). The anionic charge of the LES‐based surfactants was changed by adding an amphoteric surfactant, lauryl amidopropyl betaine acetate (LPB), or a nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether (C18EO25). We discuss the relationship between the complex aggregation process and the morphology of the precipitated complexes. The morphologies of CC complex aggregates, which precipitated during the dilution process in a model shampoo solution, changed from membranous forms to mesh‐like forms by decreasing the charges of both the CC and the surfactant. Their touch on hair in the rinsing process changed from sticky to smooth and velvety, corresponding to their rheological properties. In contrast, CD complex aggregates had a membranous form and a smooth touch independently of the charges on the polymer and surfactant. These results suggested that the control of the charges of both the polymer and surfactant and the choice of polymer structure are important for excellent conditioning effects upon rinsing with shampoo.     

Surfactant cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes fouled by whey

A polyethersulphone ultrafiltration membrane was prepared for concentration of whey. The membrane was fouled by whey and the effect of different cleaning agents on flux recovery of the fouled membrane was studied. The optimum cleaning procedure for membrane regeneration was elucidated. The results showed that a combination of surfactants (anionic, cationic and nonionic) may be employed as the optimum cleaning agent for maximum flux recovery. The fluorescence studies revealed that the cationic surfactant interact with proteins by breaking the intra‐chain hydrophobic bonding and providing electrostatic repulsion. Changing the alkyl chain from dodecyl to hexadecyl increases the interaction of surfactant–protein. Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) provided a weak interaction with whey proteins than to tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). All data obtained in this study support a surfactant–protein interaction in which hydrophobic forces play a dominant role. The nonionic surfactants poly(oxyethylene) isooctyl phenyl ether (TX‐100) and anionic surfactants SDS interact with amino acids in the inner protein structure thus denaturate tertiary protein structure and reduce hydrophobic interaction of proteins by membrane surface.     

The Interaction Between Surfactants and 2‐Hydroxy‐3‐(N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐dodecylammonium)‐propyloxy Starches

The phase behavior of temperature‐responsive hydrophobically modified starches and the interaction between oxidized potato amylose and hydrophobically modified potato amylopectin have been investigated by rheology, turbidity measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. When oxidized amylose was mixed with hydrophobically modified amylopectin, a viscosity peak was observed, indicative of a guest‐host interaction between the oxidized amylose and the hydrophobically modified amylopectin. A series of oxidized and hydrophobically modified potato starches were investigated in the presence of an anionic and cationic surfactant. A coil‐helix transition of the investigated starches was observed in the presence of surfactant, with the exception of a cationic surfactant combined with a hydrophobically modified zwitterionic starch of high positive net charge. The destabilizing mechanism (the phase separation) of the hydrophobically modified starches was studied as well as the difference in stabilizing capacity between the investigated cationic and anionic surfactants.     

表面活性剂的生物降解性研究进展

介绍了表面活性剂生物降解的一般规律;表面活性剂生物降解性的影响因素;详细阐述了阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、新型表面活性剂生物降解机理及其结构与生物降解性的关系;最后,对表面活性剂发展趋势进行了展望。     

Gemini型阳离子表面活性剂反胶束体系萃取纤维素酶的研究

本文研究了Gemini型阳离子酯季铵盐表面活性剂Ⅱ-14-3反胶束萃取纤维素酶的性能,以探索新型表面活性剂在反胶束萃取酶蛋白中的应用。考察了水相pH、离子强度、离子种类、酶浓度、表面活性剂浓度、助溶剂浓度、溶剂比和助表面活性剂(卵磷脂)等因素对萃取率的影响,确定了萃取纤维素酶的最佳条件:[NaCl]=50mmol/L,[Ⅱ-14-3]=0.3mmol/L,pH6.4,C0=0.14,溶剂比S=1.0,萃取率E接近80%,其酶活达到原来的93.38%;若加入适量的卵磷脂([Ⅱ-14-3]/[PC]=36:1)可提高萃取率,萃取率E达90%以上,且酶活达到121.41%。并且从反胶束微观结构给予解释。