相山西部河元背地区构造特征及深部找矿方向探讨

河元背位于我国最大的火山岩型铀矿田——相山矿田的西部,相山西部基底东西向河元背-凤岗断陷带与北东向芜头小陂断裂的交汇部位,具有优越的区域铀成矿地质条件。前人在区内发现了湖港、河元背、牛头山三个火山岩型铀矿床,近几年区内实施了铀资源潜力评价和铀矿普查工作,新发现了受南北向苦命山小陂断裂带控制的南北向矿带,提出了南北向构造控矿模式。利用地质勘查及矿山开采资料,结合潜力评价、铀矿普查找矿勘查成果,重点阐述了区内控矿因素,特别是南北向断裂带的控矿作用,总结控矿规律,探讨其深部找矿方向。     

相山铀矿田北部石马山（612）矿床深边部找矿探讨

近几年相山铀矿田北部多个铀矿床深边部找矿取得了较大的突破,找矿空间进一步扩大,特别是铀成矿与次火山岩（脉）体有着密切联系的规律愈加明了。通过与石马山（612）矿床位置毗邻的中型以上岗上英（613）铀矿床类比,阐述了矿床地质背景、成矿地质条件和控矿地质因素,并分析石马山（612）等矿床探采资料,认为石马山（612）矿床深边部存在着类似岗上英（613）矿床控矿的构造和次火山岩（脉）体,并可发现盲矿体,为该铀矿床深边部找矿提出了依据和方向。     

浙江王贵寺火山岩型铀矿控矿因素分析

正王贵寺铀矿床位于赣杭构造火山岩铀成矿带中段,江山—绍兴断裂带南侧,大洲火山断陷盆地北缘,北西向芝麻地断裂和石塘断裂夹持区内。矿床属大洲矿田,为小型火山熔岩亚型铀矿床,但与同处赣杭带的相山火山岩型铀矿比较,其成矿地质特征、控矿因素等均具明显的特殊性和差异性(吕古贤等,2011)。前人对大洲矿田开展了成矿条件、     

地质找矿的带头人——记二六一大队地调院院长曹寿孙

曹寿孙是二六一大队地调院院长。近年来，他和院领导班子一班人带领全院职工克服重重困难，工作创造了斐然的业绩。特别是在2006年顺利完成了《江西省乐安县居隆庵铀矿床详查》、《江西省崇仁县相山矿田梅峰山地区铀矿普查》等多个地质勘查大项目。取得了较好的地质成果，为大队地质经济发展做出了积极的贡献。     

相山矿田铀多金属成矿条件分析

相山矿田是我国目前最大的火山岩型铀矿田.我们在铀矿勘探过程中,于相山矿田西部河元背、牛头山等矿区深部陆续发现多金属（Pb、Zn、Ag等）矿化现象,呈现出多金属矿的找矿前景.通过与银山、紫金山等多金属矿区对比分析,认为相山矿田具有良好的铀多金属成矿地质条件.文章对矿田的区域构造背景、深部地质环境、小岩体活动及控矿构造等成矿条件进行了分析,认为在相山矿田的中心部位或深部,可能存在大规模的铜铅锌银等多金属成矿作用.     

广东诸广黄洞迳地区地质特征及铀矿找矿潜力分析

复活老矿点(带)是加强铀矿地质勘查中保障铀资源储备的有效途径之一。对广东省诸广百顺铀矿田成矿地质背景进行研究,论述了百顺铀矿田黄洞迳地区的地质特征,并分析该区控矿地质因素及找矿潜力。与百顺矿田201铀矿床F1断裂带矿石及围岩的微量元素地球化学特征进行对比,认为黄洞迳地区具有较好的找矿前景,为该区下一步铀矿地质勘查提供参考。     

相山铀矿田第二找矿空间初探

相山矿田业已探明的铀资源量主要分布于地表以下500m深度空间内。矿田北部铀矿化多赋存于花岗斑岩及其内、外接触带,西部铀矿化主要赋存于火山熔岩内断裂构造、不同岩性界面附近,铀矿化空间上表现为界面控矿特征。据现代水热成矿理论,结合矿田以往和近年来勘查成果的系统分析以及与国外成矿地质条件类似的矿田（床）对比,认为相山矿田存在第二找矿空间,并且第二找矿空间内可能存在第二铀矿化富集带,第二找矿空间具较乐观的铀资源潜力,近年来矿田深部找矿成果对其提供了支持。     

江西相山铀矿田东部与西部地质特征对比及其意义

相山盆地以南北向罗陂-上南断裂为界,被分为东、西两部分具不同成矿地质体、不同成矿构造、不同成矿作用特征标志的地块。文章系统总结了相山盆地东、西部的地质特征、铀矿特征、控矿因素的差异,探讨了相山北部"三盲"地质特征的形成机制与相山火山盆地的发展演化史,认为东、西部具有不同的控矿因素和成矿地质条件,指明了东、西部的找矿方向。     

相山矿田西部温热水分布规律及地温场特征

对相山矿田西部邹家山、居隆庵及牛头山铀矿床的地质、水文地质和井温资料对比、分析研究,得出邹家山矿床温热水形成的主要条件,以及矿田西部地温场特征。     

相山矿田成矿远景初步论证

相山找矿已有40多年历史,向国家提交了28个勘探地质报告。目前相山已是全国最大的铀矿基地之一。着重对相山矿田地质概况、主要找矿依据、今后找矿方向及实现找矿设想的勘查方法及有关措施阐述个人的观点。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.