黑龙江省召开人口和计划生育科技工作会议

为贯彻落实全国人口和计划生育科技大会精神,进一步提高全省人口和计划生育科技工作的整体水平及创新能力,黑龙江省人口计生委于2006年10月11日召开了全省人口和计划生育科技工作会议。会议传达贯彻了全国人口和计划生育科技大会精神;观看了《科技创新引领甜蜜事业》专题片;宣读国家科技先进集体先进个人表彰决定并现场颁奖;总结全省“十五”、部署“十一五”人口和计划生育科技工作;“十五”期间人口计划生育科技工作管理与服务经验交流;全省“十五”期间人口和计划生育科技工作取得成就的展示;讨论《关于黑龙江省人口和计划生育科学技术“…     

广东省召开人口和计划生育科技工作会议

<正>2011年8月29日,广东省人口和计划生育科技工作会议在广州召开。会议的主要任务是,以科学发展观为指导,认真贯彻落实全国人口和计划生育科技工作会议精神,总结全省"十一五"人口计生科技工作,交流经验,分析问题,部署"十二五"时期全省人口计生科技工作,全力推进人口和计划生育科技工作创新发展。省政府副秘书长、省人口计生     

吉林省人口计生委召开计划生育技术服务专家座谈会

2006年1月17日,在长春市召开了吉林省计划生育技术服务专家迎新春座谈会。座谈会上,各位专家畅所欲言,总结回顾了参与计划生育技术服务培训、节育手术并发症鉴定、技术服务质量管理等方面的工作情况,对今后如何做好计划生育技术服务工作提出了建设性的意见和建议。省人口计生委王博识副主任介绍了“十五”期间全省计划生育科技工作情况和“十一五”计划生育科技工作的目标和任务。“十一五”期间计划生育科技工作重点加强4个方面的体系建设:一是加强科研体系建设。加强省计划生育科研所基础应用的研究,促使科研成果转化,为现实生产力,为人民…     

人口和计划生育队伍职业化建设“十一五”和2020年中长期规划

为贯彻《中共中央国务院关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》（中发[2006]22号,以下简称《决定》）精神,做好“十一五”和中长期人口和计划生育队伍职业化建设工作,依据《全国“十一五”人口和计划生育事业发展规划》,制定本规划。     

中国城市环境卫生协会2007年工作要点

2007年中国城市环境卫生协会工作，坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，按照中央关于全面落实科学发展观，构建环境友好型社会、资源节约型社会建设的要求和十届全国人大五次会议关于大力加强污染防治和环境保护力度的精神，积极推进《全国城镇环境卫生“十一五”规划》的组织实施，充分发挥协会自身的组织优势和职能作用。     

科技创新 建功立业

在新春来临、万象更新之际,我谨代表国家人口计生委向全国广大计划生育科技工作者致以最诚挚的新年祝福!2007年,我国人口和计划生育科技工作进入了新的发展时期。一年来全国各地认真学习、深入贯彻落实党的十七大和中央《决定》精神,按照全国人口和计划生育科技大会的工作部署,紧紧围绕中心,服务大局,锐意进取,开拓创新,科技事业蓬勃发展,科技工作取得了可喜的成就,为新时期人口和计划生育工作稳定健康发展奠定了坚实基础。2008年是充满希望、大有作为的一年,也是落实中央《决定》和《全国人口和计划生育科学技术“十一五”发展规划》的关键…     

创新人口工作机制让“甜蜜事业”惠泽干家万户

“十一五”时期，在党中央、国务院的亲切关怀下，在自治区党委、人民政府的正确领导下，在国家人口计生委等部委及对口援疆省、市的大力支持下，新疆维吾尔自治区人口计生委坚持以科学发展观为统领，全面贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》精神，紧紧围绕降低和稳定生育水平、     

全面开展出生缺陷一级预防工作 为统筹解决人口问题做贡献

今天，国家人口计生委在四川省成都市组织召开全面启动出生缺陷一级预防工作会议，这是在我国人口和计划生育工作进入“稳定低生育水平、统筹解决人口问题、促进人的全面发展”新阶段的关键时期召开的一次重要会议，也是继全国人口和计划生育科学技术大会之后，召开的又一次重要的科技工作会议。会议的主要任务是：以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，坚持科学发展观，深入贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》精神，总结工作，交流经验，统一思想，明确任务，推动全国人口和计划生育系统出生缺陷一级预防工作全面深入开展。     

全国人口和计划生育科学技术大会在北京隆重举行

2006年6月22~23日,全国人口和计划生育科学技术大会在北京隆重举行。这次大会,是在全面建设社会主义和谐社会,在“十一五”开局之年,在人口计划生育工作进入稳定低生育水平、统筹解决人口问题、促进人的全面发展的关键时期召开的一次人口计划生育科技领域的盛会,距上一次计划生     

国家人口计生委启动全国计划生育科技大练兵活动

为贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于全面加强人口和计划生育工作统筹解决人口问题的决定》（中发[2006]22号，）精神，全面提高基层计划生育技术服务水平，努力满足群众计划生育生殖健康需求，确保实现新时期人口和计划生育工作战略目标，国家人口计生委决定“十一五”期间在全国广泛开展计划生育科技大练兵活动。     

Management of pregnancy and childbirth in England and Wales and in France

This paper reviews national data on obstetric and neonatal practices in England and Wales, and in France between 1970 and 1980. The data have been derived from national statistics and surveys on national samples of births in 1970, 1975 and 1980 in England and Wales, and 1972, 1976 and 1981 in France. The analysis shows that there was no major difference in pregnancy outcome, but wide variations in medical practices, and their trend over time. The main differences were: in England and Wales a higher number of antenatal visits, a higher percentage of inpatient admissions during pregnancy, a higher rate of induction, more episiotomies, a higher rate of resuscitation at birth, and admission to neonatal special care units; in France, a higher rate of caesarean sections before and during labour, some evidence of a more active management of labour, and a longer hospital post-natal stay. These differences in practice reflect differences in objectives and assessment of the effectiveness of care between the two countries: they point out the need for better monitoring and evaluation of obstetric and neonatal practices.     

2011年温州城乡九所中小学生超重肥胖患病状况调查

【目的】 调查温州城乡中小学生超重肥胖的患病状况。 【方法】 2011年5-8月随机抽取温州城区、城乡结合部及农村中小学共9所学校进行整群调查。记录学生的一般资料,同时测量身高体重两项发育指标,计算体质指数,按照2004年中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)推荐的诊断标准,评价温州市中小学生的超重及肥胖患病状况。 【结果】 共9 657名在校学生参与调查,其中男生5 114 名,女生4 543名,平均年龄(14.95±4.53)岁,被调查人群中超重占7.6%,肥胖占2.6%,男生超重和肥胖患病状况均显著高于女生(9.8% vs 5.2%,5.2% vs 1.2%,P值均<0.01),各年龄段中以7岁儿童肥胖及超重状况最为严重(27.15% vs 7.955%),城区及城乡结合部超重肥胖患病状况明显高于农村(P值均<0.01)。 【结论】 温州中小学校肥胖和超重总患病约为10%,男性,尤其是城区及城乡结合部男生超重肥胖患病情况最为严重,需要引起高度重视。     

Efficacy of single and double doses of albendazole and mebendazole alone and in combination in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura in school-age children in Uganda

A randomised clinical trial was conducted in Kabale District, southwestern Uganda, to compare the efficacies of single and double doses of a combination of 400 mg albendazole (ALB) and 500 mg mebendazole (MBZ) with those of single and double doses of each drug given alone in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura. Infected pupils (n = 611) were randomised to six treatment groups. Three groups received either a single dose of ALB, MBZ or the combination (ALB+MBZ). The other three groups received either a double dose of ALB (ALB/ALB), MBZ (MBZ/MBZ) or the combination (ALB+MBZ/ALB+MBZ). All double doses were given 8 h apart. Children were followed-up weekly for 1 month. Cure rates were significantly higher using double doses compared with single doses (irrespective of drug; z = −4.02, P < 0.0005) as well as using the drug combination compared with single drugs (irrespective of doses; z = −7.64, P < 0.0005). Cure rates measured at Day 7 were significantly higher than on Days 14 and 21 after treatment (Day 14, z = 9.90, P < 0.0005; Day 21, z = 7.36, P < 0.0005). Geometric mean (GM) intensities of positives were significantly lower on Day 7 compared with all other subsequent days (P < 0.00005), and on Day 28 GM intensities reached pre-treatment levels (P = 0.096). Whilst there was no difference in egg excretion between single and double doses of the same drug or drug combination (F_(df1) = 0.28, P = 0.60), the combination treatment resulted in lower egg excretion than use of single drugs (F_(df2) = 50.90, P < 0.00005). All the tested regimens of ALB and MBZ had low cure rates against T. trichiura in Uganda, but both combination treatments showed satisfactory egg reduction rates 3 weeks after treatment. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01050452]     

儿童铁和锌缺乏与营养素补充

营养性铁和锌缺乏症是严重影响儿童健康的常见营养素缺乏问题,在发展中国家是导致疾病负担加重和高死亡率的重要因素.铁和锌缺乏症每年引起约数万名5岁以下儿童死亡.婴幼儿是铁和锌缺乏的高危人群,摄入不足是造成铁和锌缺乏的主要原因.6～24个月婴幼儿的铁缺乏可对其智力发育产生不可逆的损害;锌缺乏是引起2岁以下幼儿生长发育迟缓的主要原因之一.补充微量营养素以及应用微量营养素强化食品可减少儿童铁和锌缺乏的发生,并具有较高的成本效益,应作为优先推荐的干预措施.该文就铁和锌缺乏的危害和干预研究进展作以综述.     

Dissipation and Residues of Difenoconazole and Azoxystrobin in Bananas and Soil in Two Agro-Climatic Zones of China

Residues of a fungicide suspension (12 % difenoconazole, 18 % azoxystrobin) in bananas and soil were studied under tropical and subtropical monsoon climates, in Hainan and Yunnan provinces, respectively. The half-lives in bananas were shorter in Hainan (difenoconazole: 8.4–10.7 days; azoxystrobin: 7.8–8.4 days) than Yunnan (difenoconazole: 11.3–13.0 days; azoxystrobin: 10.4–11.6 days), possibly because of the higher temperatures and solar radiation levels in Hainan. The half-lives in soil were shorter in Yunnan (difenoconazole: 15.5–16.7; azoxystrobin: 11.9–13.9 days) than Hainan (difenoconazole: 23.1–23.2 days; azoxystrobin: 16.0–16.1 days), possibly because the organic carbon content was higher and rainfall lower in Yunnan than Hainan. Their physico-chemical properties suggest difenoconazole and azoxystrobin should be stable in bananas and soil, but both decreased to safe concentrations by the minimum harvest time after spraying the mixture at the recommended dosage and 1.5 times that dosage, through physical, chemical, and biological processes.     

Concentrations of tetrachloroethene in blood and trichloroacetic acid in urine in workers and neighbours of dry-cleaning shops

Summary Tetrachloroethene concentrations in blood and trichloroacetic acid concentrations in urine were determined — primarily over the course of a week — for 29 persons living in the vicinity of dry-cleaning shops. The mean levels of tetrachloroethene increased during the week. In some neighbours concentrations were exceeding the German biological threshold limit value for tetrachloroethene (1000 g/l blood), persisting over the whole week in one case. The concentrations of tetrachloroethene in blood depended on the floor and the construction type of the building where these people were living, but not of the type of system used in the dry-cleaning shops. 5 of 12 drycleaners were found to have tetrachloroethene levels exceeding the German biological threshold limit value, some of them by a considerable amount.     

Toxicity and uptake of TRI- and dibutyltin in Daphnia magna in the absence and presence of nano-charcoal

Butyltins (BTs), such as tributyltin (TBT) and dibutyltin (DBT), are toxic to aquatic organisms, but the presence of the strong adsorbent, black carbon (BC), can markedly influence BT toxicity and uptake in organisms. In the present study, the acute toxicity and uptake of TBT and DBT in the crustacean, Daphnia magna, were investigated with and without addition of nano-charcoal at different pHs and water hardnesses. The results showed that the toxicity of TBT and DBT increased by lowering the pH from 8 to 6. This reflects a relatively higher toxicity of cationic BT species than of the neutral species. At pH 6, by enhancing the water hardness of the media from 0.6 to 2.5?mM, the toxicity of TBT and DBT consistently decreased due to competitive binding of bivalent cations (Mg2?, Ca2?) to biotic ligands of D. magna. Furthermore, the toxicity of TBT to D. magna significantly decreased in the presence of nano-charcoal compared with experiments without nano-charcoal at pH 6 and 8, while no significant decrease in toxicity of DBT was observed in the presence of nano-charcoal. This can be attributed to the insignificant decrease of free DBT concentration in the presence of nano-charcoal compared with that for TBT. Conversely, it was observed that more TBT and DBT were taken up in D. magna in the presence of nano-charcoal due to the uptake of TBT or DBT associated with nano-charcoal by Daphnia in gut systems, as seen by light microscopy. This indicated that only free nonadsorbed BTs were toxic to D. magna, at least during short periods of exposure.     

Relationships between distribution of lead in erythrocytes in vivo and in vitro and inhibition of ALA-D.

Proteins in the ALA-D (delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase) fraction from gel filtration of erythrocyte supernatant (ES) have the highest affinity for lead among erythrocyte constituents in vivo and in vitro. It takes 20-40 hours for erythrocyte components to be equilibrated with lead added in vitro. AT low lead concentrations, under 60 micrograms/100 ml ES, the extent of decrease in ALA-D activity indicates the extent of lead saturation of ALA-D fraction proteins. The saturation is attained at 80-110 micrograms/100 ml ES. Although an appreciable amount of lead is also found in the haemoglobin fraction that contains certain factors concerned in ALA-D inhibition, lead responsible for inducing the inhibition is not bound to haemoglobin fraction proteins but to ALA-D fraction proteins. Of three treatments or agents recovering the enzyme from lead effects, zinc is the only one that can fully restore the inhibition.