老挝MK离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿及其矿化分布特征

稀土是重要的战略性关键金属矿产资源,老挝是“一路一带”沿线的重要国家,境内寻找离子吸附性稀土矿找矿潜力巨大。老挝长山褶皱带呈NW-SE向分布,带内海西期黑云母二长花岗岩发育,以低中山地形地貌为主,近期在带内发现多处花岗岩风化壳有关的离子吸附型稀土矿床。文章通过分析该区花岗岩地球化学特征、风化壳剖面及钻孔样品,研究赋存于花岗岩风化壳的离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿地质特征,探讨其在低中山地区的成矿特征,推断低中山地形地貌与矿体分布的关系。研究表明,区内花岗岩风化壳结构分层特征明显,矿体分布受海拔标高及微地貌控制;稀土元素的分馏不仅在垂向上,在水平方向上也十分明显。通过厘定本区离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿特征,发现在低中山地貌区,高海拔第一阶梯矿化不好,且以轻稀土为主,而相对低的第二阶梯矿化较好,矿化强度高,稀土类型向中重稀土过渡的特征明显。     

广西钟山县花山矿区南矿段稀土矿矿石品质特征分析

花山矿区南矿段稀土矿矿石为中低品位为主的花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿石,属于轻稀土富集型,且Eu具有明显的负异常,其稀土配分特征表现出了与原岩的明显继承性。花岗岩原岩风化程度越高,风化壳厚度越大,矿层的品质就越好,浸取率也相应增高。全风化层是稀土矿的主要赋矿层位,全风化层的顶部稀土氧化物含量不高,稀土元素主要富集在全风化层的中下部。矿体轻重稀土的比值由地表向下,比值降低,即表现出明显的矿层上部富集轻稀土,下部富集重稀土。     

广东潮州市发现离子吸附型稀土矿床

最近,在广东潮州市登塘境内发现花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床。矿床产于葫芦田岩体东部边缘相中粒黑云母花岗岩风化壳内。该岩体为燕山晚期第二次侵入体,花岗岩主要由钾长石、石英、斜长石及黑云母等组成。岩体中稀土元素丰度较高。 矿区风化壳颇为发育,其厚度超过15m,含矿层厚达8m以上。稀土主要富集于风化壳中下部全风化层内。矿体的稀土配分研究表明,铈族氧化物占稀土总量的63.83％,属以轻稀土为主的离子吸附型矿床。     

滇西临沧花岗岩中段离子吸附型稀土矿成矿特征研究

滇西临沧花岗岩中段岩性主体为黑云母二长花岗岩,是离子吸附型稀土矿的天然成矿母岩。研究区湿热的气候使得在地势相对平缓的中山地区形成巨厚的花岗岩风化带,依据风化程度由地表至基岩依次分为腐殖土层、亚黏土层、全风化层、半风化层、弱风化层和新鲜基岩。全风化层是本区离子吸附型稀土矿的主要赋矿层位,该层位元素地球化学特征显示,经过风化后稀土元素发生了富集和分馏,稀土矿化是以轻稀土为主。轻稀土又以La和Ce这两种元素为主。依据本区不同地貌类型建立了倾缓的山脊、平缓的山顶和低缓的山丘3种离子吸附型稀土矿成矿模式。     

龙南上黄湾稀土矿地质特征及成矿条件分析

龙南县是首次发现花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿的地区,具有丰富的稀土资源。通过对龙南上黄湾稀土矿成矿内生与外生地质条件进行系统的分析研究,结果显示该稀土矿床的形成与燕山期的高稀土含量(达406.65×10~(-6))的中细粒黑云母花岗岩有关,母岩的稀土配分模式为低钇低铕轻稀土配分型,在特定的构造位置和温暖潮湿气候条件下,含矿母岩经风化淋滤作用后,在花岗岩全风化层中富集形成轻稀土矿床。     

广西岑溪糯垌稀土矿床地质特征及成矿规律

文章阐述了岑溪糯垌稀土矿床地质特征及其矿石特征、矿石有用组分含量及变化规律、矿石化学成分、矿石浸取率及稀土元素配分类型等,认为岑溪糯垌稀土矿床属黑云钾长(二长)花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床,稀土元素配分类型为低铕富镧钕轻稀土型,矿层主要赋存于花岗岩全风化层中。     

滇西陇川营盘山离子吸附型稀土矿稀土元素分布特征

滇西陇川地区广泛分布着白垩纪至古近纪中酸性花岗岩,以邦棍尖山为代表的岩体花岗岩稀土含量较高,经复杂的风化淋滤作用,岩体中的稀土元素在风化壳中迁移、富集成矿,陇川营盘山稀土矿即为近年新发现的该类型矿产地之一。为研究新发现的营盘山稀土矿稀土元素分布特征、富集规律及稀土配分特征,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分析成矿母岩及其风化壳不同风化程度样品稀土分量,结果表明:风化壳各层位稀土元素分布特征相比母岩具有明显的继承性,随风化程度升高,轻重稀土分馏程度升高,轻稀土在全风化层上部相对富集,且随风化程度升高轻稀土富集程度升高,而重稀土的富集程度则逐渐减弱,Gd是风化壳富集能力最强的元素,Dy富集能力最弱,Ce富集在近地表,重稀土具有更强的向下迁移能力。同时,研究发现该稀土矿床的稀土配分特征为低钇、铕,富镧、铈、钕。     

广西岑溪市波塘地区稀土矿特征及成矿条件分析

广西波塘地区的稀土矿为我国南方花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床,成矿母岩为华力西期,印支期的黑云母花岗岩岩类,原岩稀土含量211×10^-6-354×10^-6.笔者主要介绍了波塘矿床的基本特征、稀土元素配分,认为有利的成矿母岩是稀土含量〉200×10^-6的黑云母花岗岩类.广泛分布的黑云母花岗岩类,有利于风化壳形成保留的温暖潮湿气候条件,丘陵浅山的地理环境是华南花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿成矿的主要条件.     

广东惠东地区离子吸附型稀土矿床地球化学特征

摘要：运用岩石地球化学方法,对广东惠东地区离子吸附型稀土矿床的地球化学特征进行研究。结果显示,风化壳中元素含量及配分特点总体上取决于母岩,但稀土元素在继承母岩稀土元素的基础上含量进一步富集,且各风化层中元素含量变化与风化作用之间具有一定相关性。WIG指数相较于CIA指数能更有效地描述风化壳风化强度,风化壳中稀土元素迁出富集与WIG指数及元素迁移系数具有一定规律性,轻稀土元素多在全风化层上部富集,而重稀土元素在全风化层下部及半风化层明显迁入富集,Ce、Eu均具明显负异常。     

广西容县浪水离子吸附型稀土矿床地质特征及找矿标志

广西容县浪水稀土矿为我国南方典型的离子吸附型稀土矿床,成矿母岩为印支期斑状黑云二长花岗岩,岩体规模大、分布广,成矿条件良好。矿床特征表明,具有工业意义的稀土矿体赋存于花岗岩风化壳全风化层中,矿石组分简单,属易选矿石。结合矿床地质特征及找矿经验,总结出矿区内离子吸附型稀土矿的找矿标志。     

云南临沧花岗岩离子吸附型稀土矿床地球化学特征及其成因讨论

[研究目的]临沧花岗岩风化壳广布,离子吸附型稀土资源潜力巨大.加强对临沧花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土相态特征、浸出率等矿床地球化学特征和成矿机制的研究有利于进一步促进该区离子吸附型稀土资源的找矿工作.[研究方法]本文选择临沧花岗岩中段地区,通过系统实施钻探工程,详细了解稀土成矿地质及矿床地球化学特征,并对其成因进行探讨....     

“寨背式”离子吸附型稀土矿床多类型稀土矿化及其成因

赣南寨背离子吸附型稀土矿床产于寨背复式花岗岩体的风化壳中,自20世纪80年代发现以来一直以轻稀土型开采,近年在轻稀土型花岗岩风化壳中发现了重稀土矿。为了探讨轻稀土型花岗岩风化过程中重稀土元素的迁移、分馏和富集机制,本文选择了区内三个具有代表性的风化壳钻孔(ZK1、ZK2和ZK4)对其进行了全相和离子交换相稀土元素地球化学研究。结果显示：钻孔ZK4中离子交换相稀土含量介于14.90×10^-6～835.8×10^-6之间,并富集轻稀土(LREE/HREE=2.28～10.78);钻孔ZK1中离子交换相稀土含量达1470×10^-6(9件样品均值),具有从轻稀土型向重稀土型过渡的配分特征(LREE/HREE=1.30～1.65),并且剖面自上而下显示轻、重稀土逐渐富集的趋势;钻孔ZK2中离子交换相稀土含量为492.4×10^-6(8件样品均值),自上而下稀土配分类型从轻稀土型过渡至重稀土型(LREE/HREE=0.43～2.25),且轻稀土富集在全风化层上部而重稀土则富集在下部。三个钻孔的Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf...     

Rare earth element geochemistry of the molybdenum-bearing granitoids in the Jinduicheng-Huanglongpu district,Shaanxi Province,northwest China

Located in the Luonan county, Shaanxi Province, northwest China, Jinduicheng, Shijiawan and Huanglongpu molybdenum deposits constitute the most important molybdenum mineralized district in China. Among these three deposits, the Jinduicheng and Shijiawan molybdenum deposits are connected spatially and genetically with granitoid porphyry (124 ± 6 Ma, K-Ar biotite), and consist of disseminated-veinlet ores. Geochemical studies of rare earth elements (REE) furnish further evidence for understanding the rock- and ore-forming processes of these two porphyry molybdenum deposits and their related granitoid rocks. The REE distribution in molybdenum ore, granitoids and their Middle Proterozoic meta-volcanic wall rocks is discussed. The similarities between the REE signatures of the Shijiawan molybdenum-bearing monzogranite porphyry and the neighbouring Laoneushan monzogranite (130 ± 5 Ma, K-Ar biotite) show that they were produced at the same evolutional stage of granitoid magma derived mainly from crustal anatexis. The Shijiawan biotite monzogranite porphyry may be an apophysis of the Laoneushan granitoid batholith. Compared to the Shijiawan monzogranite porphyry, the Jinduicheng molybdenum-bearing granite porphyry is characterized by a high content of HREE, and depletion in LREE. The unique REE patterns indicates that the molybdenum-bearing granite porphyry was formed by thermogravitation diffusion of a granitoid magma. The slight depletion of REE abundance in the altered granitoid porphyry and meta-volcanic wall rocks shows that leaching of REE occurred during breakdown of the primary mineral assemblage, and crystallization of secondary minerals. The high REE content of molybdenum ore represented re-deposition of the mobilized molybdenum and REE.     

Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of ion-adsorption type REE mineralization in Phuket, Thailand

Geochemical and mineralogical studies were conducted on the 12-m-thick weathering profile of the Kata Beach granite in Phuket, Thailand, in order to reveal the transport and adsorption of rare earth elements (REE) related to the ion-adsorption type mineralization. The parent rock is ilmenite-series biotite granite with transitional characteristics from I type to S type, abundant in REE (592 ppm). REE are contained dominantly in fluorocarbonate as well as in allanite, titanite, apatite, and zircon. The chondrite-normalized REE pattern of the parent granite indicates enrichment of LREE relative to HREE and no significant Ce anomaly. The upper part of the weathering profile from the surface to 4.5 m depth is mostly characterized by positive Ce anomaly, showing lower REE contents ranging from 174 to 548 ppm and lower percentages of adsorbed REE from 34% to 68% compared with the parent granite. In contrast, the lower part of the profile from 4.5 to 12 m depth is characterized by negative Ce anomaly, showing higher REE contents ranging from 578 to 1,084 ppm and higher percentages from 53% to 85%. The negative Ce anomaly and enrichment of REE in the lower part of the profile suggest that acidic soil water in an oxidizing condition in the upper part mostly immobilized Ce⁴⁺ as CeO₂ and transported REE³⁺ downward to the lower part of the profile. The transported REE³⁺ were adsorbed onto weathering products or distributed to secondary minerals such as rhabdophane. The immobilization of REE results from the increase of pH due to the contact with higher pH groundwater. Since the majority of REE in the weathered granite are present in the ion-adsorption fraction with negative Ce anomaly, the percentages of adsorbed REE are positively correlated with the whole-rock negative Ce anomaly. The result of this study suggests that the ion-adsorption type REE mineralization is identified by the occurrence of easily soluble REE fluorocarbonate and whole-rock negative Ce anomaly of weathered granite. Although fractionation of REE in weathered granite is controlled by the occurrence of REE-bearing minerals and adsorption by weathering products, the ion-adsorption fraction tends to be enriched in LREE relative to weathered granite.     

Are South China granites special in forming ion-adsorption REE deposits?

Ion-adsorption REE deposits associated with clay minerals are the main global HREE producer. The majority of these deposits are formed by the weathering of granites in South China, but whether there is any fundamental difference between the granites in and outside South China is still unclear. Besides, an effective evaluation system of granite mineralization potential is urgently needed for HREE exploration.To answer this question, we compiled a global granite geochemical dataset from within (n = 1932) and outside (n = 6109) South China, together with a dataset of representative REE deposits in South China (n = 128). The geochemical comparation shows that the South China granites share similar REE contents with those of many granites from places outside South China. Such similarity has also been found between REE ore-related and ore-barren granites in South China. This shows that granites from outside South China could also have ore-forming potential. Warm humid climate and quasi-equalized crustal state promote chemical weathering to continuously leach REEs and store them in the weathering crust. The enrichment ratio (Rx) can be used to quantify the climatic effect between orebodies and parent rocks. The calculated average Enrichment Ratios (Rx) of LREE- and HREE-rich deposits are 2.41 and 2.68, respectively. Sufficient REE content in granite is the prerequisite for mineralization, and we propose that the combination of the minimum REE + Y (172 and 108 ppm in LREE- and HREE-rich parent rocks, respectively) and REE oxide ratio (1.32) can reveal the granite metallogenic potential. Together with the suitable tropical and temperate climate area with ion-adsorption REE deposits, we further identified certain regions with high REE mineralization potential outside South China to assist future exploration.     

贵州水城-纳雍地区峨眉山玄武岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床地质特征及资源潜力

通过对贵州水城—纳雍地区峨眉山玄武岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床的风化壳结构、矿体垂向变化特征的综合研究,总结了矿床特征、风化壳特征、区域成矿条件。风化壳中全风化层是稀土矿富集最好的层位; (La/Yb)N、ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值较高,属于强轻稀土富集类型。严格受母岩、地形、气候、地层、构造等因素共同作用。稀土矿床具备分布面广、埋藏浅、厚度大、品位高等地质特征。可以指导贵州西部地区寻找同类型大型稀土矿产地。     

REE Geochemistry and Mineralization Characteristics of the Zudong and Guanxi Granites,Jiangxi Province

Abstract The Zudong and Guanxi granites are original rocks of the ion adsorption-type HREE and LREE deposits in weathering crust of granites. The ∑REE ¹ ∑REE=REE+Y.
value and LREE ² LREE=∑(La-Eu) and HREE=∑(Gd-Lu)+Y.
/ HREE ratio of the Zudong granite are 264 ppm and 0.81-0.24 respectively, and the average Y/∑REE ratio is 35.8-54.5%. This is mainly due to magmatic crystallization and evolution and deuteric metasomatism (albitization, muscovitization and fluorite-doveritization). These alterations resulted in endogenic mineralizations of yttrium-group REE fluorine carbonates, silicates and arsenates. The Guanxi granite is characterized by LREE enrichment (the average LREE/HREE ratio is 2.43).     

滇西北休瓦促钨钼矿区复式岩体地质及其成矿特征——来自年代学、氧逸度和地球化学的约束

休瓦促钨钼矿床位于义敦岛弧南段的香格里拉北部,目前已达中-大型。该区发育由两期岩体(晚三叠世的黑云母花岗岩和晚白垩世的斑状二长花岗岩)叠加而成的复式岩体,而该矿区钨钼矿形成于82~86Ma。然而,两期岩体间关系,以及晚三叠世岩体对矿床的形成有怎样的贡献,目前未有报道。笔者通过对两期岩体形成时间及其地球化学特征的研究,从成岩年代学、岩浆氧逸度等方面探究上述问题,并揭示两期岩体的成矿特征,为找矿实践提供一定的参考依据。研究表明,黑云母花岗岩结晶年龄为211.7±2.6Ma,SiO_2偏高(69.48%~73.73%),属高钾的钾玄质系列,偏铝质,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素而亏损重稀土元素以及高场强元素Nb、Sr、Ti等,有微弱的负Eu异常,岩浆氧逸度相对较高(fO_2=-19.4~-9.1,平均-13.7);斑状二长花岗岩结晶年龄为76.8±3.8Ma,且有一颗锆石核部的年龄值为219±2.6Ma,该岩体与前者有相似的地球化学特征,SiO_2高(67.35%~75.65%),属偏铝质的钾玄质系列,ΣREE较高,高于黑云母花岗岩,铕负异常明显大于前者,岩浆氧逸度相对较低(fO_2=-30.4~-18.2,平均-23.4)。据此,结合休瓦促矿区断层发育情况,提出矿区内两期岩体以近南北向F_4为界呈断层接触关系,北西向走滑断层(F_1-F_3)为控矿构造。本文认为,晚期斑状二长花岗岩对早期黑云母花岗岩具有一定的继承性关系,黑云母花岗岩来源于晚三叠世甘孜-理塘洋向西俯冲环境下地壳的部分熔融,岩浆富水、氧逸度高,利于形成Cu-Au矿床,且在找矿实践中得到部分验证;斑状二长花岗岩来源于加厚下地壳的部分熔融,岩浆贫水、氧逸度低于黑云母花岗岩,与W-Mo矿床相关。即,晚白垩世岩浆热液沿矿区断裂-裂隙系统运移,继承和发展早期岩浆活动,形成脉状细晶岩和W-Mo矿床。     

内蒙古那仁乌拉早白垩世高分异花岗岩年代学及其成因

内蒙古那仁乌拉地区具有较大的稀有金属找矿潜力,但与成矿有关的那仁乌拉花岗岩体在年代学和成因方面仍存在较多争论。为厘定该花岗岩体成岩年龄及成因类型,对其进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学分析。测年结果表明,中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和似斑状二长花岗岩成岩年龄分别为(142.1±1.0)Ma和(142.3±1.2)Ma,指示那仁乌拉花岗岩体为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物,与区域上晚侏罗世—早白垩世花岗岩大规模侵入时代基本吻合。岩石地球化学分析显示,岩体富硅(SiO₂含量为73.69%~76.67%)、富碱(Na₂O+K₂O含量为8.40%~8.80%)和贫铁、镁、钙、磷等;Zr、Hf、Rb、Th等元素明显富集,Ba、Sr、P、Ti等元素强烈亏损,Nb元素相对亏损;稀土元素总量较低,显示较强烈的Eu负异常(δEu=0.20~0.36),轻、重稀土分馏明显(LREE/HREE=6.23~14.28),富集轻稀土;属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩。综合矿物学、岩石学和地球化学特征,判断那仁乌拉花岗岩成因类型应归为高分异I型花岗岩。结合区域构造和地质背景,认为位于华北板块北缘的那仁乌拉花岗岩体形成于早白垩世的板内伸展环境。     

云南姚安县老街子碱性杂岩体特征及稀土找矿前景

云南姚安县老街子杂岩体为一弱酸性富钾的碱性岩体,其物质组分来源于地幔,同时也混染了部分地壳组份,地质年代为34.9~31.3Ma。该杂岩体群包括浅成侵入岩类和喷出岩类两大类,前者以黑云母正长斑岩、正长斑岩为代表,后者以黑云母粗面岩为代表。杂岩体具有较高稀土元素背景值,TREE平均值为904.64μg/g,其中LREE平均值达到853.65μg/g,不同类型岩石的轻重稀土分馏程度虽然存在一定的差异,但均分馏作用明显,(La/Yb)N平均值达55.6;杂岩体具有一定分布面积的风化壳,对有找寻离子吸附型轻稀土矿床有较好的前景。