旋转调制器成像的蒙特卡罗仿真及图像重建

基于时间调制的旋转调制器(RM)成像技术是一种可以对硬X射线、γ射线等成像的技术。为利用RM成像技术优势,开展了RM技术在核监测领域应用的研究工作。通过蒙特卡罗仿真,模拟准直器旋转过程,布置7个NaI探测器测量,获得受调制的探测器输出,再用NCAR、MLEM和OSEM算法分别对输出数据进行重建。相对NCAR算法,MLEM算法在抑制噪声的同时,不会在重建源图像周围引入随机边缘。OSEM算法可以加速MLEM算法的收敛过程,提高计算速度。MLEM和OSEM重建图像的角度分辨率可达1.2°,与仿真系统几何角度分辨率比较,达到了约3.8倍的超分辨能力。     

松弛系数-有序子集-最大似然期望算法在60Co集装箱CT检测中的应用

将松弛系数和迭代间像素值约束引入有序子集一最大似然期望算法中，构造出应用于发射CT中的ROSEM算法引入到透射式工业CT中。不仅加快了图像重建的收敛速度而且改善了重建图像的质量。针对ROSEM、代数迭代算法（ART）和卷积反投影算法（CBP），分别做了模拟实验和实际汽车CT检测以及集装箱CT检测实验，并分析比较了它们在^60Co集装箱CT检测中的应用。ROSEM算法无论在重建速度还是重建质量上都优于ART算法，其重建图像质量和CBP算法相当。     

OSEM算法在编码板成像中的应用

为提高γ辐射编码成像中MLEM算法在图像重建时的速度及质量,论文基于核医学ECT图像重建中的OSEM算法思想在图像重建时对编码成像所得投影数据进行分组,并采用精细采样平衡相关法的重建结果作为初值进行迭代。通过实验对该算法进行验证。实验表明:OSEM算法可以有效提高收敛速度,改善重建图像质量。在γ辐射编码成像中采用OSEM算法是有效且可行的。     

少投影钢管截面CT重建研究

通过钢管截面CT图像,可以获取其大部分的参数指标,全面检测钢管质量.但是CT图像重建往往需要大量投影数据,这些数据的采集和计算非常耗时.为了加快钢管检测的速度,本文研究了少投影条件下钢管截面的图像重建算法并通过模拟数据验证了其重建的效果.我们分别用ART、MAP和OSEM这三种迭代重建算法对仿真模型进行了重建试验,并根据钢管本身的先验知识分布对算法做了改进,使重建图像质量有了明显的改善.模拟试验的结果表明,ART、MAP和OSEM算法可以实现少于20组投影数据下钢管截面较为精确的重建,并且可以做到10组投影下的近似截面重建.     

同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT的计算机模拟

同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT是一种能无损、高空间分辨和高灵敏地探测样品内部元素含量和分布的新技术,是在建的上海光源(SSRF)硬X射线微聚焦及应用光束线站可开展的实验方法之一.本文简要介绍了同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT的基本原理和实验技术发展,对同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT实验进行了计算机模拟,用滤波反投影算法(FBP)、代数重构算法(ART)和加吸收修正的FBP算法重构了模拟样品的图像.对各种重构方法得到的图像质量进行了分析和比较,讨论了其适用性.     

代数迭代算法进行CT图像重建的研究

对CT代数迭代重建算法(ART)进行了研究,讨论了射线数目对图像重建效果的影响,并采用平滑方法,改善了重建图像质量,加快了收敛速度,得出了效果满意的工业CT图像。     

基于GPGPU的锥束螺旋CT DBPF重建算法的实现与加速方法研究

基于PI线的微分反投影滤波(DBPF)算法是新型的锥束螺旋X射线CT精确重建算法,然而,由于计算量大,在CPU上重建速度缓慢。通用图形处理器(GPGPU)是一种SIMD并行硬件架构,具有强大的浮点运算能力。本文介绍一种新的PI线选取和采样方法,利用美国NVIDIA公司的计算统一设备架构(CUDA)为DBPF算法的PI线重建提供加速优化策略。使用模拟数据的重建实验进行方法的性能测试,得到了满意的图像质量,重建速度也显著提升(318倍加速比)。还讨论了重建参数对重建图像质量和计算速度的影响,建议了参数选择方式。     

平板X射线源重叠投影的线性迭代重建

为解决平板X射线源多个射线源同时照射时产生的投影重叠问题带来的图像重建困难,本研究提出了一种基于平板X射线源重叠投影的CT图像重建方法。该方法引入线性修正因子修正投影重叠带来的非线性,然后使用联合代数重建算法(SART)实现CT图像的重建。实验表明,该方法可以实现平板X射线源重叠投影直接重建CT图像,但是随着平板X射线源阵列数增大,重建图像质量下降。     

静态CT行包安检系统关键技术研究

本文介绍了安检用静态CT技术的基本原理,对基于超顺排碳纳米管技术的冷阴极X射线源、基于光子计数技术的多能谱X射线成像技术和安检用静态CT系统图像重建算法等进行了研究。冷阴极X射线源由基于超顺排碳纳米管技术的冷阴极X射线管、两套高压系统和1个控制系统组成,在130 kV以下可稳定工作。研制并测试了一款具有三能谱成像功能的光子计数型X射线探测器系统。对安检用静态CT系统图像重建算法进行了讨论,提出了一种解决方法。安检用静态CT系统关键技术的研究为安检用静态CT系统的研制提供了技术基础。     

利用旋转极坐标法提高CT重建速度

图像重建速度是评判CT重建算法的一个重要性能指标.对CT重建区域按照极坐标进行划分,改进了传统卷积反投影(FBP)重建算法的流程,极大的提高了图像重建的速度.     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.