白血病性的套细胞淋巴瘤一例

患者,男性,60岁.因"自扪及颈部多发结节3天"入院,无发热、疼痛等不适.半年前曾行全身体检,行血常规、胸片和腹部肝、胆、脾、胰及腹膜后彩超检查均未发现明显异常.体格检查:生命体征平稳,全身皮肤黏膜无黄染,双侧颈部触及多枚肿大淋巴结,均为蚕豆大小,质韧,无压痛,可滑动,其余浅表淋巴结未及肿大.肝肋下3指,质韧,边缘锐利,未及明显结节.脾肋下2指,质软.实验室检查:乳酸脱氢酶382 U/L,血白细胞36.9×109/L,中性粒细胞10.1％,淋巴细胞86.1％,血红细胞3.57×1012/L,血红蛋白115.0 g/L,血小板106×109/L.显微镜下幼稚细胞占14％,淋巴细胞占78％.白血病相关融合基因检测均为阴性.骨髓细胞学检查提示:骨髓增生活跃.     

发热肝脾肿大全血细胞减少

1病历资料患者女,61岁。于2007-05-30无明显诱因出现发热,体温37.8℃,伴有乏力、胸闷、纳差,无恶心、呕吐、咳嗽、咽痛、腹痛、腹泻及尿路刺激症状,就诊于其他医院。心电图提示快速房颤,给予西地兰0.4mg静脉注射恢复窦性心律,6月1日至8日检查:白细胞2.11×109/L,中性粒细胞0.517,淋巴细胞0.209,单核细胞0.075,嗜酸性粒细胞0.049,嗜碱性粒细胞0.09,异型淋巴细胞0.06,血小板66×109/L,血红蛋白81g/L,平均红细胞体积V81.7fL,网织红细胞0.006。血清乳酸脱氢酶4503U/L(114~240U/L),α-羟丁酸脱氢酶3745U/L(72~182U/L),肌酸磷酸激酶35U/L,血…     

小肠良性淋巴组织增殖症一例

患者女,19岁,因乏力1个月、咽痛伴发热1周入院,伴有上腹胀,进食少,无恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻或黑便.查体:体温38.5℃,营养状态中等,浅表淋巴结无肿大,睑结膜中度苍白,双侧扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大,腹部无压痛,肝脾肋下未触及.血液检查:血白细胞总数18.7×109/L,中性0.86,血红蛋白80g/L,血清铁2μmol/L,铁蛋白5.96 ng/ml,球蛋白16g/L.     

艾滋病脑病误诊为肝硬化肝性脑病一例

患者,女性,54岁,因纳差、乏力1年余,反复昏迷10d入院。于1年前无明显诱因出现乏力、纳差,伴右上腹闷痛,无黄疸,无畏寒、发热,无腹胀、腹泻、黑便,先后于某传染病医院和我院感染科住院,诊断为“肝炎后肝硬化”,经治疗症状缓解。于6个月前出现进行性智力减退,对日常事件健忘,表情淡漠,病情逐渐加重,10d前出现昏迷,唤之不醒,大、小便失禁,外院检查肝功能:ALT32U/L,AST68U/L,GGT74U/L,ALP79U/L,Alb21g/L,TBil20.1μmol/L,DBil7.6μmol/L;血常规:WBC1.70×109/L,淋巴细胞29%,中性粒细胞63%,RBC2.11×1012/L,Hb73g/L,PLT65×109/…     

以凝固性坏死为病理表现的恶性淋巴瘤伴噬血细胞综合征1例

<正>1病例资料患者,男,70岁,于2012年3月无明显诱因出现左侧腋下、锁骨上淋巴结肿大,伴疼痛、发热,无盗汗、消瘦,当地医院查血常规:WBC 3.3×109/L,中性粒细胞44.6%,淋巴细胞34%,Hb 135g/L,PLT 111×109/L,口服莫西沙星后热退、淋巴结缩小、疼痛减轻。左腋下淋巴结活检病理:见淋巴细胞,部分细胞结构欠清,淋巴细胞反应性增生,未见     

布鲁菌病并发噬血细胞综合征二例

例1患者男,14岁,学生,河北省秦皇岛市人,村里有牲畜饲养场.因间断发热2个月于2012年5月19日收住儿科病房.体温最高39.5℃,服用尼美舒利后体温可暂时降至正常,近1个月每天均有发热,无大汗、关节痛等,当地医院考虑为感染性发热,先后给予"头孢类抗菌药物、青霉素"等治疗无好转.入院前13 d发现血Hb 93 g/L,PLT97×109/L,腹部超声提示脾脏增大(18.7 cm×5.7 cm),为进一步诊治收入院.体格检查:神清合作、结膜苍白,皮肤无黄染、紫绀,双下肢散在针尖样出血点,全身浅表淋巴结未触及肿大;心、肺无异常;腹部平软,脐周轻压痛,无反跳痛,肝未触及,脾大,移动性浊音阴性,踝关节以下轻度水肿.实验室检查:WBC 2.96× 109/L,Hb 82 g/L,PLT72×109/L,中性粒细胞0.328,淋巴细胞0.581,网织红细胞0.0134,红细胞沉降率21 mm/1 h,C反应蛋白21 mg/L;ALT 54 U/L,AST 174 U/L,Alb 28.6 g/L,γ-GT 109 U/L,三酰甘油1.3 mmol/L;铁蛋白＞1500 μg/L,纤维蛋白原1.86 g/L.入院后查布鲁菌凝集实验1∶80,入院第10天血培养结果为马耳他布鲁菌.腹部B超检查结果:脾脏5.7 cm×20.8 cm,肝脏轻度增大.CT检查:重度脾大,脾门静脉曲张,脾脏多发低强化小结节,盆腔少许积液.     

利奈唑胺治疗难治性胆道感染1例报告

1 病历资料 患者男,83岁,因"头晕、恶心、呕吐半个月,加重伴发热半天"于2008-03-17入院.半个月前无明显诱因出现恶心、头昏、呕吐胃内容物.口服药物治疗效果不佳(药物不详),半天前症状突然加重并伴有发热达39℃.到我院急诊,查白细胞16.8×109/L(中性粒细胞0.13),血红蛋白145 g/L,血小板计数109×109/L.     

老年右肾癌合并类白血病反应1例报告

<正>1临床资料患者男性,82岁,以"乏力、纳差半年,右上腹痛半月"于2012年3月12日入院。入院体格检查:贫血貌,全身未触及肿大淋巴结,心脏、胸部查体未见明显异常,腹软平坦,无压痛,Murphy征阴性,右侧肾区轻度叩击痛,双下肢无水肿。神经系统查体未见明显异常。入院后血常规:白细胞11.61×109/L,中性粒细胞绝对值9.65×109/L,中性     

皮病性淋巴结炎1例

患者女,24岁.因皮疹3个月余,发热1个月余于2012年10月6日收入我院.患者3个月前无明显诱因全身出现暗红色斑丘疹,面、颈、躯干及四肢均有波及,伴有轻度瘙痒,无发热.于当地医院按"皮肤病"诊治,具体用药不详,症状反复.1个月前出现发热,最高体温40℃,热型不规则,发热前有寒战、心慌,退热药治疗有效,伴全身皮疹,剧烈瘙痒.入院体检:面颈躯干及四肢大片陈旧生斑疹,伴色素沉着,双侧颈部淋巴结成簇肿大,呈花生粒大小,质硬无压痛,活动可.入院考虑结缔组织病、感染性疾病、肿瘤性疾病等.完善相关检查:肝功能:AST 72U/L,白蛋白27.1 g/L,红细胞沉降速率＞140 mm/h,超敏C反应蛋白49.7 mg/L.血常规:白细胞计数10.40×1012/L,中性粒细胞8.86×109/L,中性粒细胞(％)85.1％,红细胞计数2.63×1012/L,血红蛋白61.9 g/L,嗜酸性粒细胞0.2×109/L.     

十二指肠肿瘤致胃出口梗阻合并急性食管坏死1例并文献复习

正病例:患者男性，71岁，以“呕吐咖啡样液体1 d”于2021-04-27入院。入院前1 d无诱因下呕吐少许咖啡样液体4次，无黑便。追问病史，入院前8 d无诱因下发热，体温最高38 ℃,伴胸骨后烧灼感，外院胸部CT检查未见明显异常。至南京市第一医院急诊就诊，查血常规：白细胞计数13.8×109/L,中性粒细胞84.7%,淋巴细胞8.9%,血红蛋白(Hb) 96 g/L,超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP) 235.48 mg/L,     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.