B超定位引导穿刺微通道PCNL治疗幼儿双侧上尿路结石临床安全及疗效分析(附17例报告)

目的:分析B超定位引导穿刺的微通道经皮肾镜取石术(U-mPCNL)治疗幼儿双侧上尿路结石的临床安全及疗效。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月~2017年3月采用U-mPCNL治疗的17例双侧上尿路结石患儿(5岁)的临床资料,记录微通道碎石取石手术时间、净石率、术前术后血红蛋白变化、术后感染、术后平均住院时间。双侧单纯肾盂结石4例;双侧肾盂结石合并肾盏结石5例,双侧输尿管上段结石5例,一侧肾结石对侧输尿管上段结石3例。双侧结石平均大小(14.1±5.2)mm。结果:Ⅰ期双侧微通道取石6例;Ⅰ期双侧肾造瘘或放置双J管Ⅱ期微通道取石11例;微通道取石手术时间(65.8±7.4)min,血红蛋白平均下降值(7.72±1.53)g/L,红细胞压积平均下降(3.24±0.57)%。平均住院时间9.5d,术后23.5%(4/17例)发热(≥38.5℃),无输血病例,无感染休克病例,无邻近脏器损伤病例。结石清除率88%(15/17),术后1个月结石清除率100%。结论:U-mPCNL可以作为治疗5岁幼儿双侧上尿路结石的一种临床选择,特别是双侧上尿路结石伴有梗阻、无尿、发热的患儿,Ⅰ期肾造瘘或留置双J管引流便于控制感染,恢复肾功能,防治并发症发生,在确保患儿安全的情况下可以减少患儿手术次数。     

同期双侧超微经皮肾镜取石术治疗小儿上尿路结石10例报告

目的探讨同期双侧超微经皮肾镜取石术(SBSMP)在学龄前儿童和婴幼儿双肾结石治疗中的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析喀什地区第一人民医院从2015年10月至2017年1月应用SBSMP治疗10例小儿双侧上尿路结石的临床资料。结果9例均同期成功完成双侧手术,1例第2术侧因穿刺困难终止手术。总手术时间平均(41.4±13.78)min。术后均无发热,术中术后均未输血,1例(一侧完全无管化另一侧部分无管化)患儿术后部分无管化侧的输尿管外支架管脱落,出现无尿,给予利尿、拆切口缝合线引流等处理后自行好转,余患儿均无严重并发症发生。术后1周内复查取净双侧结石7例,清石率70%(7/10);3例发现残余结石,3个月后复查2例自行排出,总清石率90%(9/10),一侧肾结石复发1例。结论合理选择病例,足够经验的泌尿外科医生应用SBSMP治疗学龄前儿童和婴幼儿双侧上尿路结石安全可行。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术同期治疗双侧输尿管上段结石的疗效分析

目的：评价微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNI,）同期治疗双侧输尿管上段结石的有效性及安全性。方法：回顾性分析我院2005年10月～2009年7月共收治22例双侧输尿管上段结石患者的临床资料,全部患者均行微创经皮肾镜取石术。结果：22例患者（44例侧）一次穿刺成功,17例患者一次取净双侧结石,5例患者术后复查一侧残存肾内结石碎粒,其中4例口服排石药物,一个月后复查结石大部分排空,少量残留。1例患者于术后结合ESWL排净结石,手术结石取净率88．6％。平均手术时间（98．9±24．2）min,术中估计出血量平均（240．5±108．1）ml,术后肾造瘘管留置1～2天,术后平均住院时间（4．8±1．3）天。结论：对于身体条件良好,结石相对容易清除的双侧输尿管上段结石。同期MPCNL是安全有效的。     

双侧同期微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗双侧上尿路结石

目的总结双侧同期造瘘经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）治疗双侧上尿路结石128例的临床经验,评价其可行性和安全性。方法回顾分析2006年至2009年施行术前肾穿刺造瘘引流的双侧同期微创经皮。肾镜取石术128例患者的临床资料,其中双肾结石48例,肾结石合并一侧或双侧输尿管上段结石34例,双侧输尿管结石46例,结石直径0．9em×1．2cm～3．5cm×4．2cm。结果128例中除有6例因第1侧手术时间长（〉120min）或手术出血较多（〉600m1）的原因转为分期手术外,其余均顺利成功完成双侧同期微创经皮肾镜取石术,无死亡及失肾病例,手术时间75～160min,术后第1天复查血红蛋白,较术前平均下降29g／L（8～62）,输血11例,输血量400．800ml后复查血红蛋白108～126g／L。术后住院时间平均10．8d,结石一期清除率75％,总结石清除率为83．6％,其中双侧输尿管上段结石46例一期结石完全取净,9例残留结石。结论对于双侧上尿路结石患者,先作肾穿刺造瘘置管引流,有选择地实施双侧同期微创经皮肾镜取石术是安全可行的,可缩短住院时间,减少费用。但对于双肾结石结石过大的患者应谨慎采用。     

同期微创经皮肾取石术治疗双侧上尿路结石(附54例报告)

目的：探讨同期微创经皮肾取石术治疗双侧上尿路结石的疗效和安全性。方法：回顾性总结同期微创经皮肾取石术治疗54例双侧上尿路结石患者的效果和并发症。结果：术后3天复查,27例双侧肾脏结石的结石清除率为85．2％（23／27）;16例一侧肾脏结石对侧输尿管上段结石的结石清除率为87．5％（14／16）;11例双侧输尿管上段结石的结石清除率为90．9％（10／11）。术后27．8％（15／54）的患者出现超过38．5℃的发热,66．7％（36／54）的患者因手术部位疼痛,需要口服或肌肉注射非甾体类镇痛药物。1例双侧肾脏结石患者术后因为失血过多需要输血治疗。结论：对于部分身体状况较好、结石清除相对容易的上尿路结石患者,采用同期双侧微创经皮肾取石手术安全、可靠,并可减少患者的住院时间和住院费用。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石治疗复杂性上尿路结石

目的探讨经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石治疗复杂性上尿路结石的疗效及安全性。方法对476例接受经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石治疗的复杂性上尿路结石患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。结果476例患者中471例成功行一期取石术，5例中转开放手术；一期手术取净结石290例，二期手术取净结石83例，三期手术取净结石49例，结石总取净率88．7％，手术时间58—246min，平均（114±32）min；术中出血量25—610mL，平均（77±21）mL；肾造瘘管留置时间平均7d，术后平均住院8．5d，未出现严重的并发症。结论经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石具有损伤小、恢复快、住院时间短、结石清除率高、并发症少等优点，是治疗复杂性上尿路结石较好的微创方法。     

双侧上尿路结石的同期微创治疗

目的探讨利用微创技术同期治疗双侧上尿路结石的可行性和临床效果。方法回顾性分析2005年3月至2007年4月采用微创技术同期治疗66例双侧上尿路结石患者的资料。结果66例上尿路结石,平均住院时间8.2d,平均手术时间135 min,结石总取净率92.3%。术中、术后无大出血、周围脏器损伤等严重并发症发生,6例患者术后48h内发热,2例需术后输血。结论利用微创技术同期治疗双侧上尿路结石,创伤小,恢复快。     

一期经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗双侧上尿路结石

目的一期经皮肾镜碎石术治疗双侧上尿路结石的安全性及临床疗效。方法2004年7月～2008年12月,在X线或超声定位下采用经皮肾镜碎石术治疗双侧上尿路结石35例,其中双肾结石18例,一侧肾结石、一侧输尿管结石10例,双侧输尿管结石7例。截石位膀胱镜或输尿管镜下单侧或双侧输尿管留置输尿管导管,经皮肾镜手术均采用俯卧位,经输尿管导管注射生理盐水人造肾积水,在腋后线和肩胛下线之间第12肋上下区域行肾穿刺造瘘,建立F16～F32皮肾通道,在灌注泵生理盐水持续冲洗下,用输尿管镜或经皮肾镜,配合气压弹道或钬激光将结石粉碎。单个通道不易清石完全的肾多发结石或铸形结石,可以同样方式定位建立第2或第3条通道。结果本组35例70侧上尿路结石,单通道取石49侧,双通道取石18侧,三通道取石3侧。手术时间（单侧PCNL）：20～185min,平均66min。一次手术结石取净率为80%（56/70）。再次手术取石8侧,三期手术取石3侧,3侧肾结石少量残留未再次手术碎石取石。手术后总的结石清除率为91.4%（64/70）,其中输尿管结石24侧结石清除率100%（24/24）,肾结石46侧结石清除率87%（40/46）。无胸腹腔损伤、肠穿孔等周围脏器损伤的并发症。住院时间5～30d。术后随访3～6个月,B超及KUB＋IVP检查,未见结石复发。结论双侧上尿路结石采用经皮肾镜碎石取石治疗,安全、有效;在条件允许和技术成熟的前提下,可以施行一期治疗双侧上尿路结石。     

同期经皮肾镜治疗双侧上尿路结石

目的 探讨同期经皮肾镜处理双侧上尿路结石的可行性.方法 回顾分析我院2006年7月至2009年5月行经皮肾镜同期处理双侧上尿路结石76例患者的临床资料.结果 64例一期取尽双侧结石,12例行二期取石术,术后复查仍有5例有结石残留,予体外冲击波碎石治疗.所有患者肾功能均有不同程度恢复.结论 同期经皮肾镜处理双侧上尿路结石是有效的、可行的.     

微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗婴幼儿上尿路结石

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)治疗婴幼儿上尿路结石的安全性和适应证.方法 婴幼儿上尿路结石患儿56例.男34例,女22例.平均年龄24(7～36)个月.无症状筛查发现28例、肉眼血尿20例、尿路刺激症状6例、无尿2例.有药物排石治疗史49例(87.5%),有ESWL治疗史8例.平均病史4.8个月,保守治疗时间平均4.5个月.56例均经B超、KUB、CT检查确诊.左侧20例、右侧25例、双侧11例,共67侧.结石最长径线平均19(10-32)mm.透X线结石44侧(65.7%),合并肾积水54侧(80.6%). 结果 56例患儿应用实时彩色多普勒超声定位,一期成功建立12～16 F微造瘘皮肾通道,并应用气压弹道、超声、激光碎石或套石篮取石.双侧结石患儿分期手术完成.通道建立时间(2.9±0.6)min,结石处理时间(13.9±3.2)min.术后71.6%(48/67)的患儿出现血红蛋白和血细胞比容下降,血红蛋白平均下降8.7 g/L,血细胞比容平均下降2.6%.术后患儿出现持续性或反复发热3例(4.5%).结石排净率92.5%(62/67).无输血病例,未发生外科并发症.平均住院时间(15±4)d. 结论 婴幼儿上尿路结石MPCNL治疗安全有效.直径>1.5cm、多发性及鹿角形肾结石以及引起明显梗阻的输尿管上段结石为婴幼儿MPCNL的手术适应证.     

Trans-sternal bilateral thoracotomy for bilateral lung lesions

The trans-sternal bilateral thoracotomy had been used widely in the early days of cardiac surgery, but since the 1960's the median sternotomy has played a great part in open heart surgery. Recently, the simultaneous bilateral thoracotomy has been used for bilateral lung lesions such as bilateral giant bullae, bilateral pneumothoraces and bilateral metastatic lung tumors. Since 1965 we have performed 6 operations using trans-sternal bilateral thoracotomy for several bilateral lung lesions. The diseases which led to the use of the trans-sternal bilateral thoracotomy technique were 2 cases of bilateral simultaneous pneumothoraces and 4 cases of bilateral lung metastatic tumors. The ages of the patients ranged from 17 to 45 years old. The operative blood loss was between 100 and 810 gm. No case showed postoperative respiratory distress or severe thoracic pain. It would like to be pointed out that the trans-sternal bilateral thoracotomy is the most ideal approach for the multiple bilateral lung metastatic lesions which often invade the chest wall or diaphragm.     

Successful treatment of primary bilateral renal mucormycosis with bilateral nephrectomy

Bilateral invasive renal mucormycosis has previously been associated with a 100% mortality rate. We report a case of bilateral invasive renal mucormycosis in a patient treated with amphotericin B and bilateral nephrectomy who survived and is currently disease-free.     

Traumatic bilateral hip dislocation with bilateral sciatic nerve palsy

Bilateral hip dislocation rarely occurs. In this paper, a case of bilateral hip dislocation associated with bilateral sciatic nerve palsy resulted from a road traffic accident is reported. Both hips were emergently reduced under general anaesthesia. Acetabular reconstruction was done bilaterally due to the unstable hips. The patient subsequently developed heterotopic ossification and avascular necrosis on the left hip and underwent total hip arthroplasty. The sciatic nerve on the right side achieved complete recovery but that on the left side only partly recovered and was augmented by tendon transfer. Such injuries are serious and one should be aware of the complications because they can resurface and so patients should be followed up for a long time. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of injury has not been reported in the English .language literature.     

Trans-sternal bilateral thoracotomy for bilateral metastatic lung tumors]

Trans-sternal bilateral thoracotomy has been performed in 4 patients with bilateral metastatic lung tumors. The primary lesion was rectum in one case and the colon in three cases. Two patients were male and 2 were female. Their ages ranged from 63 to 78 years old. An inframammary incision was made with the patient in the supine position, and the chest was entered via the 4th or 5th intercostal space. This procedure provided excellent exposure of the entire mediastinum. Postoperative pain was comparatively severe in the early postoperative period, but was controlled by administering an epidural block. This procedure allows good exposure of the entire thoracic space through a single operative field. We conclude that trans-sternal bilateral thoracotomy is an excellent approach in the patient with bilateral metastatic lung tumors.     

Hypoplasia of bilateral humeral trochlea associated with bilateral ulnar nerve palsy

We document a case of bilateral ulnar nerve palsy that developed in an 27-year-old Japanese man who had bilateral hypoplasia of the humeral trochlea. Surgical management produced good results regarding the ulnar nerve palsy. The pathogenesis of the nerve paresis in this particular condition is discussed. There have been no reports outside Japan. Whether this deformity occurs only in persons of Japanese extraction or is simply overlooked by foreign surgeons is an interesting question. Received: 17 May 1999     

Middle-term results of simultaneous bilateral femoral osteotomies for advanced bilateral coxarthritis

Background Osteotomy as a treatment for bilateral osteoarthritis of the hip is controversial because of deterioration of the contralateral side. We tried to not cause the contralateral hip to deteriorate even more while curing osteoarthritis by simple methods (release of iliopsoas and adductor longus muscle tendons and lateral transfer of the greater trochanter; Maquet's operation) during the rehabilitation period of Pauwels' valgus osteotomy. Methods Eighteen patients (17 women, 1 man; mean age, 49 years) were indicated for bilateral operations performed simultaneously from 1984 to 2001 and followed for more than 3 years (mean, 105 months; range, 36–188 months). They were analyzed clinically (hip score of Hospital for Special Surgery) and radiographically. Pauwels' valgus osteotomy was indicated for 18 hips with or without additional operations. Maquet's operation was performed simultaneously on all contralateral sides. Three weeks after the operations, the Maquet's operation side was fully weight-bearing and the other side was under controlled weight-bearing for 1 year. Results The mean hip score of the valgus osteotomy side was 36 points before the operation and 73 points at the final follow-up, respectively; that of Maquet's operation side was 44 and 77 points, respectively. Two-thirds (24 of 36) of the hips maintained more than 70 points of hip score at the final follow-up. Four hips were converted to total hip arthroplasty. Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis revealed that the congruous joint maintained its joint space width for 10 years. Conclusions Bilateral simultaneous femoral osteotomies for the late stages of osteoarthritis could be an alternative to bilateral total hip arthroplasties.     

The role of bilateral talectomy in the management of bilateral rigid clubfeet

Severe clubfoot is a common sequela of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and myelomeningocele. Talectomy is a practical surgical procedure to assist in the correction of severe, rigid equinovarus foot deformity. However, the results of talectomy may be less predictable in rigid bilateral equinovarus foot deformity than in the treatment of unilateral clubfoot. To determine the outcome of talectomy in the treatment of bilateral rigid clubfoot, we reviewed the cases of all patients at our center who underwent bilateral talectomy. Seven children were treated for bilateral talipes equinovarus with talectomy. The patient group consisted of 3 children with arthrogryposis, 3 with myelomeningocele, and 1 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The age at surgery averaged 6 years and ranged from 1 year and 10 months to 15 years and 7 months. The length of follow-up averaged 5 years and 6 months and ranged from 3 years to 12 years and 6 months. Three feet had a good and 7 feet a satisfactory correction of the deformity. Four feet had poor results. Bilateral talectomy was found overall to be a successful and predictable procedure, with low morbidity for the attainment of functional feet.     

Simultaneous bilateral elbow dislocation with associated bilateral radial head fracture

Bilateral elbow dislocation is a rare injury, with only a small number of case reports in the literature. The majority of these reports describe associated ligamentous injuries only. Simultaneous bilateral radial head fracture in association with bilateral elbow dislocation has only been described on one occasion previously. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman who dislocated both elbows and fractured both radial heads following a fall. In the operating theatre under general anaesthesia, both elbows were reduced by closed manipulation, it was then decided to treat the radial head fractures non-operativley. There was no neurovascular deficit either pre or post reduction. The patient was placed in above elbow casts for 1 week. Both casts were then removed and intensive physiotherapy was prescribed. The patient had an excellent clinical outcome and returned to work as a florist within 6 months of her injury. The purpose of this report was to describe a very rare injury pattern, and to emphasise the importance of early mobilisation following bilateral elbow dislocation.