大黄鱼趋光性试验研究

设置4个光照强度和红、白、橙、绿、蓝5个光照颜色,研究光照强度和颜色对大黄鱼幼鱼和成鱼趋光性的影响。试验结果表明：大黄鱼幼鱼和成鱼对不同的光照强度和光照颜色都有反应。大黄鱼幼鱼对红光、白光、橙光的光强2和8、绿光光强8、蓝光的光强4、6表现出负趋性;在橙光的条件下趋光率最高,为27．6%。大黄鱼成鱼对这5个光总体表现出正趋性;在绿光的条件下趋光率最高,为26．7％。     

光照对眼斑拟石首鱼行为和摄食的影响

设置4种光照强度梯度和红、白、橙、绿和蓝5种光照颜色,研究了光照对眼斑拟石首鱼Sciaemops ocelletus摄食和分布行为的影响。试验结果表明,眼斑拟石首鱼对光色和光强均有反应;从光照颜色对眼斑拟石首鱼的摄食影响来看,蓝光对其摄食的影响最大,4种光照强度下的摄食率都为零,其次是绿光和橙光;从光照强度对眼斑拟石首鱼分布的影响来看,鱼对中强度的橙光和红光表现为正趋性,对其他各光强和光色均表现出负趋性。     

光照对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素含量影响的研究

为探讨光照对纤细裸藻的生长以及光合色素含量的影响,将纤细裸藻分别置于不同光照度(0、1500、3000、4500、6000 lx)、光照周期(16L∶8D、14L∶10D、12L∶12D、10L∶14D、8L∶16D)、光质(绿光495~530 nm、蓝光450~480 nm、红光615~650 nm、白光450~465 nm、黄光580~595 nm)条件下于恒温光照培养箱中静置培养,进行细胞密度以及色素含量的测定。试验结果显示,光照度、光照周期和光质对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素质量浓度有显著影响( P <0.05)。光照度1500、3000、4500 lx对纤细裸藻的生长均有积极作用,其中3000 lx光照度作用最为显著,细胞生长状态良好,光合色素质量浓度也高于1500、4500 lx;光照周期16L∶8D、14L∶10D和12L∶12D对纤细裸藻的生长有促进作用,其中14L∶10D组生长状况和光合色素质量浓度均优于其他处理组,8L∶16D组使纤细裸藻的生长受到抑制,其色素质量浓度也显著低于其他处理组( P <0.05);蓝光与白光组对纤细裸藻生长有显著促进作用( P <0.05),蓝光条件下色素质量浓度达到最高,更利于光合色素的积累。试验结果表明,适宜纤细裸藻生长及光合色素积累的光照条件为:光照度3000 lx,光照周期14L∶10D,蓝光培养。     

温度和光照条件对裙带菜配子体生长的影响

通过设置不同的培养条件,检验温度、光照强度和光照周期对裙带菜雌配子体生长的影响。第一步设置3个温度条件(12℃、16℃、20℃)和5个光照强度条件(1 000、1 500、2 000、2 500、3 000lx)进行全析因方差设计,得出最适温度条件和光照强度;第二步,在最适温度条件下,设置2个光照周期(24h持续光照和光暗周期D∶L=12∶12)和不同光照强度,检验不同光照强度条件和光照周期对配子体生长的影响。在以上实验的基础上,根据最适温度条件和光照周期,设置不同光照强度检验其对配子体鲜重量生长的影响。实验结果显示:裙带菜雌配子体最适宜的在温度为16℃,光照强度为2 500lx,周期为24h持续光照。     

不同光质LED光源对坛紫菜自由丝状体生长和生理特性的影响

以野生型坛紫菜自由丝状体为培养材料,研究不同光质(绿光510~550 nm、蓝光455~475 nm、红光580~630 nm、白光400~760 nm)的发光二极管(LED)对无性增殖过程中自由丝状体生长及生理特性的影响。结果显示,蓝光能提高自由丝状体的生长速率,蓝光下藻体增重分别是白光、绿光、红光下藻体增重的1.10倍、1.82倍和2.17倍。蓝光处理有助于叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的积累,二者含量分别较白光、绿光和红光处理提高13.77%、47.69%、63.42%和8.87%、87.07%、97.73%。蓝光和白光均有利于藻红蛋白合成,而绿光和红光降低藻红蛋白合成,但4种光质的LED光源对藻蓝蛋白合成的影响无显著性差异。蓝光能显著提高碳酸酐酶(CA)活性,较白光下CA活性增加11.36%。蓝光和绿光显著提高1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubis CO)活性,分别较白光下Rubis CO活性增加28.17%和61.21%。红光和绿光下藻体在培养后期的色泽暗淡,星状色素体少,部分藻体细胞内容物溢出,呈中空状态;而蓝光和白光下藻体健康正常,色泽鲜红。研究表明,在今后的坛紫菜自由丝状体无性扩繁过程中可以适当增加LED光源的蓝光组分,减少红光和绿光组分。     

方斑东风螺“海泰1号” 长速提高 优良性状稳定

<正>方斑东风螺"海泰1号"(品种登记号:GS-01-008-2018)是厦门大学和海南省海洋与渔业科学院以海南省文昌市的方斑东风螺养殖群体为基础群体,以生长快为目标性状,采用群体选育技术,经连续4代选育而成。连续两年的生产性对比试验表明,方斑东风螺"海泰1号"生长速度提高明显,优良性状稳定。在相同的养殖条件下,     

2种东风螺线粒体基因序列多态性研究

对来自粤东和粤西的方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata(Link))和台湾东风螺(Babylonia formosae(Sowerby))的线粒体16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段的序列进行分析,并对其遗传变异进行了比较研究。得到的序列总长度分别为506 bp(16S rRNA)和640 bp(COⅠ)。2种东风螺序列的碱基组成均显示较高的A T比例(16S rRNA基因63.5%,COⅠ基因62.4%)。对位排序比较表明,16S rRNA基因片段变异较小,台湾东风螺和方斑东风螺各存在1个碱基变异位点;方斑东风螺COⅠ片段有12个碱基存在变异,包括3个简约信息位点和9个单一多态位点;台湾东风螺COⅠ片段有17个碱基存在变异,包括4个简约信息位点和13个单一多态位点。数据分析结果表明:2种东风螺线粒体的COⅠ基因比16SrRNA基因具有更高的多态性,COⅠ基因序列更适用于东风螺种群的遗传多样性分析。方斑东风螺的平均核苷酸差异和核苷酸多样度分别为2.68和0.004 2,台湾东风螺则分别为5.62和0.007 8,说明台湾东风螺的遗传多样性高于方斑东风螺。无论是方斑东风螺和台湾东风螺,粤东群体的平均核苷酸差异和核苷酸多样度都大于粤西群体,说明粤东群体的遗传多样性高于粤西群体。     

光色对红壳色中华绒螯蟹生长、摄食及体色的影响

本研究旨在探讨光色对红壳色中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)仔蟹生长、摄食及体色的影响,为其体色研究提供参考。固定光照强度为(1 800.0±50.0)Lx,记录观察红壳色与正常壳色仔蟹在5种常见光色(红、绿、黄、白和蓝)下养殖35 d的存活、相残、蜕壳、生长及摄食量等情况,并利用色调-饱和度-亮度(HSB)颜色模型分析体色变化。Duncan多重比较分析发现:不同颜色光照对两种壳色中华绒螯仔蟹生长的影响不同。绿光有利于红壳色仔蟹的生长,而黄光则对正常壳色仔蟹更有利。两种壳色仔蟹的体质量特定生长率和致残率在不同颜色光照中差异显著。红壳色仔蟹在红光和绿光中的蜕壳率明显高于正常壳色仔蟹(P0.05)。除蓝光组外,各颜色光照中正常壳色仔蟹致残率均高于红壳色仔蟹,其中白光组的致残率比红壳色仔蟹高78.72%(P0.01)。红壳色仔蟹在绿光组中的体质量特定生长率(1.69%/d)和头胸甲特定生长率(0.69%/d)最高;在红光组中特定生长率最低(分别为1.40%/d,0.38%/d),而正常壳色仔蟹在蓝光中的特定生长率最低。两种壳色仔蟹各光色组的夜间摄食占比均高于白昼,尽管差异不显著(P0.05),但表现出了昼夜摄食节律。红壳色仔蟹的日摄食率、食物转化率受光照颜色影响不明显(P0.05)。但对正常壳色仔蟹蓝光会抑制摄食和食物转化,而黄光则会促进摄食和食物转化。与蜕壳前相比,蜕壳后红壳色仔蟹红光、绿光、黄光组H值下降,红色加深;而白光、蓝光组H值上升,红色变浅;各组S值、B值下降,体色变浅,变暗,而正常壳色仔蟹红色深浅度在不同光照下则表现相反;除红光、黄光B值上升,体色变亮,S值均下降,体色变浅。因此,绿光和黄光分别利于红壳色和正常壳色仔蟹的生长,而绿光能促进两种壳色仔蟹体色变黑,加深。本研究将为中华绒螯蟹体色形成与调控机理的解析,以及养殖过程中光照条件的优化提供参考。     

光照对中国对虾稚虾3种消化酶活力的影响

在实验室条件下研究光照(光照周期、光照强度和光色)对中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)稚虾3种消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶)活力的影响。在本实验条件下,主要结果如下:(1)4种光照周期下,对虾3种消化酶的活力差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)在完全黑暗、6μmol.m-2.s-1、30μmol.m-2.s-1和110μmol.m-2.s-1光照强度下,对虾蛋白酶的活力分别为0.361 U.mg-1(protein)、0.081 U.mg-1(protein)、0.088 U.mg-1(protein)和0.273 U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1下的活力显著高于其他两个光照强度(P<0.05),且两者间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);中国对虾淀粉酶的活力分别为0.386 U.mg-1(protein)、0.095 U.mg-1(protein)、0.111 U.mg-1(protein)和0.315 U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1条件下的活力显著高于其他两个光照强度(P<0.05),两者间的差异亦达到显著水平(P<0.05);对虾脂肪酶的活力分别为0.147×10-2U.mg-1(protein)、0.150×10-2U.mg-1(protein)、0.170×10-2U.mg-1(protein)和0.183×10-2U.mg-1(protein),完全黑暗和110μmol.m-2.s-1条件下的活力差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);(3)不同光色下,对虾蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力差异不显著(P>0.05),脂肪酶的活力则存在一定的差异,蓝光和黄光下,对虾脂肪酶的活力分别为0.093×10-2U.mg-1(protein)和0.107×10-2U.mg-1(protein),显著高于白光和绿光下的活力(P<0.05),但蓝光组和黄光组间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

体重和温度对方斑东风螺耗氧率和排氨率的影响

用室内实验生态学方法研究不同规格和温度对方斑东风螺(Babyloniaareolata)耗氧率(O)和排氨率(N)的影响。实验所用方斑东风螺规格为壳高(3 147±0 115)～(6 862±0 237)cm,软体部分干重(2 0145±0 12)～(11 0636±0 36)g。结果表明:(1)个体大小、温度以及二者的综合效应均对其耗氧率和排氨率有极显著的影响(P<0 01)。在实验温度范围内(13～33℃),不同规格的方斑东风螺耗氧率的总平均值为1 413mg/(h·g),排氨率的总平均值为217 05μg/(h·g)。(2)在实验条件下,方斑东风螺的软体部分干重(W)与耗氧量(R)之间的回归关系符合幂函数方程R=aWb,其中a的取值范围为0 9984～3 0128,平均值是1 7894;b值的范围为0 7692～0 8985,平均值为0 8430。在13～28℃温度范围内,不同规格的方斑东风螺的耗氧率随着温度的升高而增加,当温度升高到33℃时,耗氧率反而下降。(3)实验温度下,W与排氨量(A)也可用幂函数方程A=cWd表示,c值的范围为277 4091～405 3933,平均值为326 6857;d值的范围是0 4519～0 8864,平均值是0 6683。随着温度的升高方斑东风螺的排氨率呈上升趋势。(4)实验证实,高温将进一步提高方斑东风螺蛋白质的代谢水平,耗氧率和排氨率与温度(T)、W的二元线性回归方程分别为:O=-0 521-0 038W+0 050T、N=-152 640-10 581W     

光照对雨生红球藻生长的影响

分别用不同光照强度、不同光暗周期及不同光剂量培养雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)。结果表明:光照强度及光周期对藻体细胞的生长有极显著的影响,高剂量光强有利于虾育素积累而不利于生长,促进藻生长的适宜光强为4000～5000lx,适宜光暗周期为每天12～18h光照,而在高光强下,则每天只需3h的光照即可维持藻体较好生长。     

光照对曼氏无针乌贼行为习性的影响

设置了3个光照强度梯度和红、白、橙、绿、蓝5个光照颜色,研究光照对曼氏无针乌贼行为习性的影响。试验结果表明:曼氏无针乌贼对光色和光强都有反应,而且表现出正趋性;对于同一光强下的红、白、橙、绿4种光照颜色来说,曼氏无针乌贼较喜欢红光和绿光。     

Effects of light quality and intensity on the growth,survival and metamorphosis of Haliotis discus hannai Ino larvae

Light is a key environmental factor that influences the growth, culture and survival of aquatic organisms. This study examined the effects of different light qualities (red, orange, white, blue and green light) and intensities (5 μmol m^?2 s^?1, 15 μmol m^?2 s^?1 and 40 μmol m^?2 s^?1) on the hatching and metamorphosis of larva of Haliotis discus hannai Ino and the growth and survival of juveniles. It was found that under blue and green light, the hatching success rate and metamorphosis of larva were significantly higher than those for any other light quality (P < 0.05), and there was a decreasing trend with an increase in light intensity. Under red and orange light, the abnormality rate of trochophores in each light intensity treatment and the time required for the metamorphosis of larva were significantly higher than those for any other light group (P < 0.05). Both the abnormality and metamorphosis rates significantly increased with light intensity. Under white light, at an intensity of 40 μmol m^?2 s^?1, the settlement and size of larva at metamorphosis were significantly smaller than those for any other light intensity (P < 0.05). Under red and orange light, the SGR of juvenile abalone in each light intensity treatment was significantly lower than that in any other light group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was identified (P > 0.05). Therefore, selecting blue and green light and controlling the light intensity to 5–15 μmol m^?2 s^?1 during fingerling reproduction of abalone should increase the hatching success rate of larva and the yield per water body.     

不同光强处理对长茎葡萄蕨藻叶绿素荧光特性的影响

通过调制叶绿素荧光仪(MINI-PAM),对长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)在10μmol/(m~2·s)、120μmol/(m~2·s)、360μmol/(m~2·s)光强下的叶绿素荧光特性进行了研究。结果表明:随着光照强度从10μmol/(m~2·s)上升到360μmol/(m~2·s),长茎葡萄蕨藻最大光量子产量(F_v/F_m)、实际光量子产量、相对电子传递速率(rETR)、快速光曲线初始斜率均呈下降趋势;用120μmol/(m~2·s)和360μmol/(m~2·s)光强处理的样品光化学猝灭(qP)较高,而非光化学猝灭(NPQ)较低;不同光强处理4 h和8 h时,与10μmol/(m~2·s)处理组相比,120μmol/(m~2·s)处理组最大相对电子传递速率(rETR_(max))、半饱和光强(I_k)均显著上升,360μmol/(m~2·s)处理组I_k显著上升,rETR_(max)明显降低;在360μmol/(m~2·s)光强下处理12 h与处理8 h相比,样品rETR_(max)、I_k均显著降低。上述结果说明长茎葡萄蕨藻偏向适应10μmol/(m~2·s)的低光条件,在120μmol/(m~2·s)和360μmol/(m~2·s)的高光条件下能通过不同的方式提高对光强的耐受能力,但是在360μmol/(m~2·s)光强下处理12 h会引起光氧化对光合结构造成破坏。     

Analysis of light absorption and photosynthetic activity by Isochrysis galbana under different light qualities

The effect of light qualities, for example white light (WL), blue light (BL), red light (RL) and green light (GL), respectively, provided by the LEDs on the growth, pigment content, light absorption and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Isochrysis galbana strain IOAC724S was measured. The growth rate of algae exposed to GL was not significantly different from that of WL, but was significantly higher than that of blue light (BL) or red light (RL). These four light colours were all efficiently absorbed by algal cells, with an absorption rate up to 92%–93%. The light absorbed by pigments contributes only part of the light absorbed by cells, ranging from 8.3% (at RL) to 59.7% (at BL). Among the monochromatic light, the highest light absorption was obtained in cells cultivated at BL, but the photochemical reaction was lowered. No positive effect of monochromatic RL was found. Cells cultivated at BL and RL were, respectively, restricted by down‐regulated photosynthetic efficiency and sufficient light absorption; meanwhile, GL showed a dramatic increase in photosynthetic efficiency, associated with a light absorption close to that for cells exposed to WL (both at 30.6%), suggesting that GL promotes the photosynthesis of I. galbana by balancing the light absorption and utilization.     

Growth,development and survival of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae cultured under different light spectra and intensities

We assessed the effects of light intensity and spectrum on the growth, development and survival of Dicentrarchus labrax larvae from 30 to 96 days after hatching. Twelve lighting regimes were applied using 0.3, 1 and 2 W/m² full spectrum white, blue, red and green light. By day 66 of exposure, growth performance was significantly better in larvae reared under green or red light compared with white or blue light (p < 0.05), while it was significantly better at 2.0 W/m² compared with 1.0 or 0.3 W/m² (p < 0.05). Larvae reared under white or blue light had significantly more deformities (p < 0.05) than did larvae reared under light of other spectra, while larvae reared under 0.3 W/m² light intensity had a significantly higher proportion of jaw malformations than reared under 1.0 and 2.0 W/m² (p ? 0.05). Dicentrarchus labrax larvae subjected to green light showed significantly lower survival compared with the other light spectra (p < 0.05). Moreover, light significantly affected brain aanat1a, aanatt1b, mellc, mt1, mt2, gh, tsh and crf mRNA expression. Therefore, the red and green light groups (or under 2.0 W/m²) could improve the growth performance and enhance secretion of melatonin, gh and tsh, and reduce the proportion of jaw malformations.     

First feeding of burbot, Lota lota (Gadidae, Teleostei) larvae under different temperature and light conditions

The burbot (Lota lota) is the only fresh water member of the cod family, Gadidae, and is adapted to cold waters. The effects of temperature and light on the growth and survival of burbot larvae were investigated under hatchery conditions. Three temperature regimes (12, 16 and 20°C) were applied under continuous light and darkness during the experiment. Rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus (L.) were fed to the larvae in the first 10 days and the diet was then replaced with Artemia nauplii. At the end of the feeding stage with rotifer, growth in terms of the total length and wet weight were larger at higher temperatures under continuous light. At day 10, survival rates of the fish held at 12°C under continuous light and darkness regime were higher than those held at 16°C and 20°C kept under the same conditions. From day 10 onwards, larval growth improved remarkably after changing the live food from rotifer to Artemia in all treatments. At the end of the study, the highest survival rate was recorded among the larvae held at 12°C exposed to continuous light. Under light condition, the temperature of 20°C did not result in an improved larval growth compared with 16°C. This may indicate that high temperature and continuous light are not beneficial for larval growth and survival when they reach older stage of development. The results indicate a significant interaction for the combination of temperature, light and time with respect to survival and wet weight, making unambiguous interpretation of the main effects difficult.     

光环境因子对循环水养殖系统中大西洋鲑生长和摄食的影响

采用正交实验法,研究了不同光色(白光,A1;蓝光,A2;红光,A3)、光周期(24L︰0D,B1;12L︰12D,B2;8L︰16D,B3)和光强(0.88 W/m2,C1;4.55 W/m2,C2;8.60 W/m2,C3)对循环水养殖系统中体质量(850.97±82.77)g的大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)生长和摄食的影响。实验设A1B1C1(1)、A1B2C2(2)、A1B3C3(3)、A2B1C2(4)、A2B2C3(5)、A2B3C1(6)、A3B1C3(7)、A3B2C1(8)、A3B3C2(9)9个处理组,在相应设定条件下饲养180 d。结果表明,在光色为红光、光周期为12L︰12D和光强8.60 W/m2条件下大西洋鲑的成活率最高,但光色、光周期和光强对成活率的影响差异不显著(P0.05);实验期间各组鱼的相对增重率和肥满度差异均不显著(P0.05);至第120天,2、5、6组鱼的体长特定生长率显著高于1组(P0.05);至第180天,1、2、4、7、8组鱼的体质量特定生长率显著高于6组(P0.05),1、2、3、4、7、8、9组鱼的日增重显著高于6组(P0.05),9组鱼的体质量变异系数显著低于7组(P0.05)。9组鱼血浆中生长激素显著高于1、2、3、4、6、7和8组(P0.05);摄食率、饲料转化效率和饲料系数最佳时的光照条件为:红光、12L︰12D、8.60 W/m2,但光色、光周期和光强对摄食率、饲料转化效率及饲料系数的影响差异不显著(P0.05)。本实验条件下,较为适宜的光照条件是:红光、12L:12D、8.60 W/m2。