基于旁路分析的集成电路芯片硬件木马检测

针对密码芯片中硬件木马电路检测的困难性,介绍了根据芯片旁路信息进行硬件木马检测的思想．在形式化定义基于旁路分析的硬件木马检测问题的基础上,分析了含硬件木马与不含硬件木马的密码芯片对应旁路信号在主成份分析结果上的差异,并以此对FPGA实现的含硬件木马的DES密码原型芯片进行了检测实验,实验结果表明了基于旁路信号主成份分析在密码芯片硬件木马检测中的效果．     

基于电磁辐射信号分析的芯片硬件木马检测

集成电路芯片在制造过程中可能被嵌入恶意硬件电路,形成硬件木马.提出一种新的利用芯片电磁旁路泄漏信息的硬件木马无损检测方法.对芯片表面进行区域划分,通过随机选优算法生成硬件木马测试向量集;利用基于负熵指标的投影寻踪技术将芯片高维旁路信号投影到低维子空间,在信息损失尽量小的前提下发现原始数据中的分布特征,从而实现芯片旁路信号特征提取与识别.针对示例性高级加密标准(AES-128)木马电路的检测实验表明,该技术可以有效分辨基准芯片与硬件木马测试芯片之间的电磁信号特征差异,实现硬件木马检测.     

硬件木马综述

集成电路在设计或制造过程中会受到硬件木马的攻击,使芯片与硬件的安全性受到威胁。硬件木马技术逐渐受到重视,已成为当今一个新的研究热点。文章介绍了硬件木马的概念,对三种主要的硬件木马分类方法进行了分析;着重探讨了硬件木马的检测方法。对检测方法存在的问题与面临的挑战进行了分析,指出基于旁路信号分析的硬件木马检测方法是当前最主要的一种检测方法。     

基于投影寻踪分析的芯片硬件木马检测

提出一种利用芯片旁路泄漏信息的硬件木马无损检测方法,通过基于绝对信息散度指标的投影寻踪技术,将芯片运行过程中产生的高维旁路信号投影变换到低维子空间,在信息损失尽量小的前提下发现原始数据中的分布特征,从而实现芯片旁路信号特征提取与识别。针对示例性高级加密标准(AES-128)木马电路的检测实验表明,该技术可以有效分辨基准芯片与硬件木马测试芯片之间的旁路信号特征差异,实现硬件木马检测。     

一种基于压缩边界Fisher分析的硬件木马检测方法

针对物理环境下旁路分析技术对电路中规模较小的硬件木马检出率低的问题,该文引入边界Fisher分析(MFA)方法,并提出一种基于压缩边界Fisher分析(CMFA)的硬件木马检测方法。通过减小样本的同类近邻样本与该样本以及类中心之间距离和增大类中心的同类近邻样本与异类样本之间距离的方式,构建投影空间,发现原始功耗旁路信号中的差异特征,实现硬件木马检测。AES加密电路中的硬件木马检测实验表明,该方法具有比已有检测方法更高的检测精度,能够检测出占原始电路规模0.04%的硬件木马。     

一种基于核最大间距准则的硬件木马检测新方法

在功耗旁路信号统计模型的基础上,提出了一种基于核最大间距准则的硬件木马检测方法及改进的检测方法.将原始功耗旁路信号映射到高维空间,使其具有更高的可分性,然后再投影到低维子空间,从而发现原始数据中的非线性差异特征,实现功耗旁路信号的非线性特征提取与识别.针对AES加密电路中木马电路的检测实验表明,该方法测得超出检测边界的样本数(792)多于Karhunen-Loève变换(400),取得更好的检测效果.     

硬件木马检测与防护

第三方技术服务的普及使得在集成电路（IC）设计制造过程中,芯片可能被恶意植入“硬件木马”,给芯片的安全性带来了极大挑战,由此,如何检测“安全芯片”中是否存在硬件木马,确保芯片的安全性开始受到人们的广泛关注。在简要介绍硬件木马概念及其危害的基础上,分析硬件木马的特点和结构,介绍了当前现有的几种硬件木马检测技术,给出了硬件木马检测技术的科学分类,重点分析了这些检测方法所面临的问题和挑战并提出了相应的改进措施,总结了未来硬件木马防测技术的发展趋势。     

硬件木马检测与防护

第三方技术服务的普及使得在集成电路（IC）设计制造过程中,芯片可能被恶意植入“硬件木马”,给芯片的安全性带来了极大挑战,由此,如何检测“安全芯片”中是否存在硬件木马,确保芯片的安全性开始受到人们的广泛关注.在简要介绍硬件木马概念及其危害的基础上,分析硬件木马的特点和结构,介绍了当前现有的几种硬件木马检测技术,给出了硬件木马检测技术的科学分类,重点分析了这些检测方法所面临的问题和挑战并提出了相应的改进措施,总结了未来硬件木马防测技术的发展趋势.     

芯片级木马检测技术研究综述

集成电路在各个领域都具有极其重要的作用,但是在当今集成电路设计、制造、测试、封装各种环节相分离的产业模式下,用户所使用的芯片可能会被别有用心者植入硬件特洛伊木马电路,这给信息安全领域带来了严重威胁,芯片级硬件木马的检测技术已经成为了芯片安全研究领域的新热点。首先介绍了硬件木马的概念、危害以及分类方式;然后对硬件木马检测技术国内外有影响的研究成果进行了详细的总结和评述,着重阐述了目前比较有效的旁路分析方法,指出基于功耗指纹分析的硬件木马检测技术是当前最有前途的一种检测方法;最后简要总结了硬件木马的主动防御机制。     

用于检测硬件木马延时的线性判别分析算法

针对芯片生产链长、安全性差、可靠性低,导致硬件木马防不胜防的问题,该文提出一种针对旁路信号分析的木马检测方法。首先采集不同电压下电路的延时信号,通过线性判别分析(LDA)分类算法找出延时差异,若延时与干净电路相同,则判定为干净电路,否则判定有木马。然后联合多项式回归算法对木马延时特征进行拟合,基于回归函数建立木马特征库,最终实现硬件木马的准确识别。实验结果表明,提出的LDA联合线性回归(LR)算法可以根据延时特征识别木马电路,其木马检测率优于其他木马检测方法。更有利的是,随着电路规模的增大意味着数据量的增加,这更便于进行数据分析与特征提取,降低了木马检测难度。通过该方法的研究,对未来工艺极限下识别木马电路、提高芯片安全性与可靠性具有重要的指导作用。     

Effective usage of redundancy to aid neutralization of hardware Trojans in Integrated Circuits

Hardware Trojans are malicious alterations in Integrated Circuits (ICs) that leak confidential information or disable the entire IC. The detection of these Trojans is performed through logic or side channel based testing. Under sub-nm technologies the detection of Hardware Trojans will face more problems due to process variations. Hence, there is a need to devise countermeasures which do not depend completely on detection. In order to achieve such a countermeasure, we propose to neutralize the effect of Hardware Trojans through redundancy. In this work, we present a Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) based methodology to neutralize Hardware Trojans. In order to address the inevitable overhead on area, TMR will be implemented only on select paths of the circuit. Using a probabilistic model of a given digital circuit, we have measured the effect of Trojan on different paths of the circuit and found that equally probable output paths are vulnerable to Trojan placement. Therefore for security we propose that TMR should be implemented on the paths that lead to equally probable primary outputs. We have also shown that the detection of Trojans placed on predictable paths can be achieved through logic based testing methods. In order for the adversary to beat the proposed redundancy model, the size of the Trojan has to be larger. We have shown that such implementation can be detected using side channel based testing.     

Verification of physical designs using an integrated reverse engineering flow for nanoscale technologies

Considering the potential risks of piracy and malicious manipulation of complex integrated circuits using worldwide distributed manufacturing sites, an effective and efficient reverse engineering process allows the verification of the physical layout against the reference design. This paper provides an overview of the current process and details on a new tool for the acquisition and synthesis of large area images and the recovery of the design from a physical device. Using this reverse engineering process on a physical chip layout, a circuit graph based partitioning of circuit blocks and an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) module identification will be performed. For the first time, the error between the generated layout and the design GDS layout will be compared quantitatively as a figure of merit (FoM). We propose a new classification of malicious manipulations based on their layout impact.     

雷达侦察系统细微特征分析

讨论了细微特征提取在电子对抗中的重要性,通过分析雷达信号的特点,给出了雷达信号细微特征各个参数的提取方法。并给出了分析实例。     

Semantic analysis on social networks: A survey

As social networks are getting more and more popular day by day, large numbers of users becoming constantly active social network users. In this way, there is a huge amount of data produced by users in social networks. While social networking sites and dynamic applications of these sites are actively used by people, social network analysis is also receiving an increasing interest. Moreover, semantic understanding of text, image, and video shared in a social network has been a significant topic in the network analysis research. To the best of the author's knowledge, there has not been any comprehensive survey of social networks, including semantic analysis. In this survey, we have reviewed over 200 contributions in the field, most of which appeared in recent years. This paper not only aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the research and application of social network analysis based on semantic analysis but also summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art techniques for analyzing social media data. First of all, in this paper, social networks, basic concepts, and components related to social network analysis were examined. Second, semantic analysis methods for text, image, and video in social networks are explained, and various studies about these topics are examined in the literature. Then, the emerging approaches in social network analysis research, especially in semantic social network analysis, are discussed. Finally, the trending topics and applications for future directions of the research are emphasized; the information on what kind of studies may be realized in this area is given.     

基于故障树分析法的空管设备失效风险分析

为有效分析空管设备失效的原因,开展风险管理.以故障树分析法为理论基础,建立空管设备失效故障树模型,以甚高频电台失效为例分析造成电台失效的基本事件,生成最小割集,确定基本事件的结构重要度,最后通过基本事件及其结构重要度,结合实际运行情况制定合理的风险管控措施,降低设备失效的风险.     

器件模型参数的相关性分析与建模

本文基于主成份分析和因子分析,提出了集成电路（ＩＣ）器件模型参数的主成份因子统计模型,并给出了主成份因子分析的方法及其模型的建立过程。最后,以电路实例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,该统计模型可用于ＩＣ性能分析和统计优化设计。