示准化学科行为互换性定律的创建

本文讨论了互换性定律的族系,研究了非训练行为不准确现象,讨论了行为互换性的需求,推论了行为互换性定律的存在,建立了行为互换性的概念,创建了行为互换性定律的命题及其数学模型,详述了定律的内涵,分析了行为互换性与其他互换性的关系,讨论了行为互换性定律的对象范围、互换类型、自身特点和作用意义,对行为互换性定律进行了验证分析,讨论了行为互换性定律的应用,并给出了应用例子。     

某型车辆驾驶室内部噪声分析研究

建立了某型车辆驾驶室结构的三维有限元模型,对驾驶室进行了试验模态分析,得到了模态参数,检验和修正了结构的三维有限元模型,对驾驶室结构进行了动态响应分析.采用边界元法进行了驾驶室内部声学特性研究,对驾驶员耳旁的声压和声学灵敏度进行了分析,得出了驾驶室内声场的声学特性,对驾驶室结构提出改进措施,有效地降低了车内噪声.     

标准化学科几何互换性定律的创建

本文讨论了规律和定律的关系和特点,讨论了几何互换性的本质关系,推论了互换性定律的存在,创建了动配合互换性定律、定位配合互换性定律、紧配合互换性定律,建立了定律的命题、数学模型和关系模型,详述了每个定律的内涵,创建了支持互换性工程应用的几何互换性空间,讨论了互换性定律的应用,创建了广泛适用的互换性空间。     

标准化学科功能互换性定律的创建

本文讨论了互换性的新模式——功能互换性,阐述了功能互换性的概念和特点,创建了功能互换性的命题,解读了功能互换性命题的内涵及其数学模型,给出了功能互换性的关注情形,探讨了功能互换性的适用范围和作用意义,验证了功能互换性定律的有效性,说明了功能互换性定律的应用,并给出了指导功能互换性定律应用的实例。     

食品安全呼唤技术进步

中国人在食品中完成了化学扫盲：从大米里我们认识了石蜡,从火腿里我们认识了敌敌畏,从成鸭蛋、辣椒酱里我们认识了苏丹红,从火锅里我们认识了福尔马林,从银耳、蜜枣里我们认识了硫磺,从木耳里我们认识了硫酸铜,从保鲜膜中我们认识了DEHA（己二酸二异辛酯）,从有毒奶瓶中我们认识了双酚A,今天,从奶粉中又让我们知道了三聚氰胺,     

辐射降解法制备低聚水溶性壳聚糖之二:批量制备工艺研究

对不同生产厂家的食品级大分子壳聚糖原料进行了对比分析,确定了原料的质量要求.进行了批量制备研究,确定了生产流程和生产工艺条件,建立了一种制备低聚水溶性壳聚糖的新方法.     

智能型电子分克秤的研制

介绍了智能型电子分克秤的工作原理及硬件、软件的系统设计.整机的硬件设计,采用高阻值的传感器,软件由单片机控制完成双积分A/D转换,使整机既降低了功耗又降低了硬件成本,实现了分检计量智能化的控制,提高了工作效率,减轻了操作人员的劳动强度,避免了产品检测过程中的人为误差.     

企业标准化信息管理系统分析与设计

从整体上分析了企业标准化管理系统的内容，探讨了计算机应用于企业标准化管理的可行性。根据系统需求分析选择了以ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ＋为软件工具，从系统的内在关系入手，划分了功能模块，确立了系统软件结构，确定了数据库的结构。并对企业标准化管理软件作了详细描述，进一步阐述了在企业标准化管理中，应用计算机的具体作用及如何推广应用。     

作业本中闪烁出孩子的希望之光

一叶知秋,一字知人。一滴水折射出了七彩之光,一本作业也同样闪烁出了孩子的勤奋,闪烁出了孩子的诚实,闪烁出了孩子的认真,闪烁出了孩子的聪明……闪烁出了一个热爱生命,热爱生活,积极向上的孩子。     

闭幕词--2004年7月9日在中国缩协第三次全国会员代表大会上

经过两天的紧张工作，中国缩微摄影技术协会第三次全国会员代表大会已经圆满完成了各项议程。大会期间选出了第三届理事会，召开了三届一次理事会议，选举了常务理事、理事长、副理事长和秘书长，推举了名誉理事长，批准了十四位老同志为荣誉会员，聘任了副秘书长和各工作委员会的主任委员。     

Modelling and simulation of the mechanical behavior of ceramic matrix composites as shown by the example of SiC/SiC

Modelling of the mechanical behavior of unidirectionally fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMC) is presented by the example of SiC/SiC. The starting point of the modelling is a substructure (elementary cell) which includes on a micromechanical scale the statistical properties of the fiber, matrix and fiber–matrix interface and their interactions. The substructure is chosen in such a way that a macrostructure representative of the whole structure can be modelled from a suitable number of substructures. The typical damage behavior of ceramic composites is modelled by taking fiber and matrix cracks into account. Cracks are inserted into the substructure by reducing the elastic coefficients of the material. The fracture criterion used is a surface represented by a spheroid in the principal stress space. The crack direction is determined by the criterion of the energy release rate. Interfacial behavior is simulated by consideration of fiber–matrix debonding and frictional sliding. The numerical evaluation of the model is accomplished by means of the finite element method (FEM). The effect of important parameters such as the fiber volume fraction or the fiber Weibull-shape parameter on the nonlinear behavior of the substructure is examined. Finally, a macrostructure is modelled to show the effects of these important parameters on the mechanical behavior of the whole structure.     

Particle arrangement and its application

The method by which micrometer-sized particles are arranged, is described. An electrified pattern is drawn on a polished insulating substrate using a SEM with a CAD facility. The substrate is dipped in a suspension of particles. The particles adhere to the substrate and form the pattern corresponding to the electrified pattern by the electrostatic force. The arranged particles are fixed by coating with a fluoride polymer of thin film. The method is applicable to the production of an inflammable gas sensor.     

Level set topology optimization of structural problems with interface cohesion

This paper presents a finite element topology optimization framework for the design of two‐phase structural systems considering contact and cohesion phenomena along the interface. The geometry of the material interface is described by an explicit level set method, and the structural response is predicted by the extended finite element method. In this work, the interface condition is described by a bilinear cohesive zone model on the basis of the traction‐separation constitutive relation. The non‐penetration condition in the presence of compressive interface forces is enforced by a stabilized Lagrange multiplier method. The mechanical model assumes a linear elastic isotropic material, infinitesimal strain theory, and a quasi‐static response. The optimization problem is solved by a nonlinear programming method, and the design sensitivities are computed by the adjoint method. The performance of the presented method is evaluated by 2D and 3D numerical examples. The results obtained from topology optimization reveal distinct design characteristics for the various interface phenomena considered. In addition, 3D examples demonstrate optimal geometries that cannot be fully captured by reduced dimensionality. The optimization framework presented is limited to two‐phase structural systems where the material interface is coincident in the undeformed configuration, and to structural responses that remain valid considering small strain kinematics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hadamard transform microchip electrophoresis combined with diode laser fluorometry

The application of a Hadamard transform technique to microchip electrophoresis is described. The sample is electrokinetically injected into a separation channel and is then detected by diode laser-induced fluorometry. The sample and buffer solutions are introduced into the channel by controlling the high voltages applied to the solutions, according to a code determined by a Hadamard matrix. The S/N ratio of the signal in the electropherogram can be improved by a factor of 5 in comparison with that obtained by a conventional single-injection method, although an 8-fold improvement is theoretically predicted when a 255-order matrix is used.     

不规则压延件展开毛料的几何计算法

不规则压件展开毛料的几何计算，可分为二步：展开和修正。     

主动测量信息的智能化处理与控制

主动测量仪正朝着智能化和多参数测量的方向发展,传感器检测信号的滞后特性是产生动态误差的主要原因,本文提出了一种对被测信息进行智能化处理的方法,通过在线辨识传感器滞后时间常数Ｔｍ,再利用校正（补偿）的方法减少或消除滞后时间常数Ｔｍ的影响,从而减少或消除动态误差,实现测量与控制熔为一体、主动测量技术的自动化。     

Proximal constrained optimization approach with time penalization

This article concerns a proximal-point algorithm with time penalization. The case where the cost of moving from one position to a better one is penalized by the time taken by the agent for the decision-making is studied and the restriction employing the penalty method is incorporated. It is shown that the method converges monotonically with respect to the minimal weighted norm to a unique minimal point under mild assumptions. The gradient method is employed for solving the objective function, and its convergence is proven. The rate of convergence of the method is also estimated by computing the optimal parameters. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by a numerical optimization example employing continuous-time Markov chains.     

流线型回转体外形设计综述与线型拟合

综述了流线型回转体外形设计的主要方法：(1)具有精确数学表达式的几何组合外形曲线；(2)用源汇法设计回转体外形曲线；(3)用离散外形坐标型值表示的回转体线型。给出了流线型离散型值回转体线型的拟合解析表达式。这些外形设计方法与拟合解析表达式具有广泛的工程实用价值。     

Design through selection: a method that works

In this paper a practical approach to design, based on the concept of selection, is presented. The approach involves: first, the generation of alternative concepts using ideation tecniques; second, the selection of the ‘most-likely-to-succeed’ concepts for further development into feasible alternatives; third, the formulation and solution of selection-decision-support problems to rank the feasible alternatives in order of preference using multiple attributes.The method presented in this paper is a combination of the methods proposed by Pugh and by Mistree and Muster. The former method is appropriate for use in concept selection, which is characterized by many alternatives and essentially insight-based ‘soft’ information. The latter method is appropriate when there are few alternatives and a mix of science-based ‘hard’ and insight-based ‘soft’ information. The method presented by Mistree and Muster is therefore used to formulate and solve the selection-decision-support problem. The design example used in this paper is a modified version of that used by Pugh.     

R22制冷系统改造成R22/CO 2载冷系统的可行性分析

基于一个实际工程案例,在不更换压缩机组和冷凝器的前提下,将原R22制冷系统改造成R22/CO 2载冷系统,机房外管道用量减少60.3%,R22制冷剂的充注量减少68.5%,系统能效比下降9.6%,总成本增加4.9%。分析结果可以为R22制冷系统的改造提供新的思路。