锂掺杂KNN-BNKT无铅压电陶瓷性能研究

采用液相包覆法制备了结构致密的铌酸钾钠基[(K0.5Na0.5NbO3-K0.1Na0.4Bi0.5TiO3)-xLiNbO3,0≤x≤0.02]无铅压电陶瓷,研究了掺杂Li+对铌酸钾钠钛酸铋钾钠K0.5Na0.5NbO3-K0.1Na0.4Bi0.5TiO3(KNN-BNKT)晶体结构和压电、介电性能的影响。结果表明:当Li+含量在x取0～0.010(摩尔分数)时,陶瓷样品均形成了均一的钙钛矿型结构。Li+掺杂量对陶瓷压电、介电性能有很大的影响,其压电常数(d33)随着Li+掺杂量的增加先升高后降低,并在x=0.010的时候取得最大值。实验表明:当x=0.01时,(K0.5Na0.5NbO3-K0.1Na0.4Bi0.5TiO3)-xLiNbO3无铅压电陶瓷表现出较好的压电性能:d33=173pC/N,相对介电常数εr=620.745,介电损耗tanδ=0.0132,kp=27.35%,kt=26.34%,Qm=48.97。     

（1–x）（K_（0.48）Na_（0.48）Li_（0.04））NbO_3–x（Na_（0.8）K_（0.2））_（0.5）Bi_（0.5）TiO_3无铅压电陶瓷的相变行为及其压电性能

采用固相法应法制备了（1–x）（K0.48Na0.48Li0.04）NbO3–x（Na0.8K0.2）0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同x（0,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%,3.0%）对材料的相结构、介电性能以及压电性能的影响。结果表明：随着x增加,样品的Curie温度TC与正交到四方相变温度TO–T均逐渐降低,而压电常数d33与机电耦合系数kp均先升高后降低;该体系在0.5%     

BNKT-NKS压电陶瓷的制备及电学性能研究

以碳酸盐和氧化物为原料,无水乙醇为研磨介质,采用固相法合成压电陶瓷体系0.995Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Ti O3-0.005(Na1-xKx)Sb O3(BNKT-NKS),并对其微结构、表面形貌、电学性能进行了分析测试。结果表明,压电陶瓷样品都能形成单一钙钛矿固溶体结构,具有较好的电学性质:x=30%时,d33=149 p C/N,kp=0.315,Qm=139,tanδ=0.037;x=10%时,tanδ=0.037。     

Bi_(0.5)K_(0.5)TiO_3掺杂对0.945K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3-0.045LiSbO_3无铅压电陶瓷结构性能的影响

采用传统固相合成法合成(1-x)(0.945K0.5Na0.5NbO3-0.045LiSbO3)-x(Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)(简记为(KNN-LS)(1-x)-BKTx))无铅压电陶瓷,研究不同BKT掺入量(x=0.000,0.005,0.010,0.015,0.020,0.025,0.030)对该体系陶瓷的微观结构和压电介电性能。结果表明:x≤0.025时,均可形成单一钙钛矿结构;与KNN-LS相比,体积密度(ρ)、机械耦合系数kp、kt显著提高;d33、介电损耗tanδ、机械品质因数Qm和次级相变温度降低;当x=0.020时,样品的整体性能达到最佳值:ρ=4.239g/cm3,d33=94pC/N,kp=30.9%,kt=20.7%,tanδ=0.024,相对介电常数εT33/ε0=2468,Qm=53.95,次级相变温度降至室温以下,温度稳定性好。     

BNKT-NKS压电陶瓷的制备及电学性能研究

以碳酸盐和氧化物为原料,无水乙醇为研磨介质,采用固相法合成压电陶瓷体系0.995Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Ti O3-0.005(Na1-xKx)Sb O3(BNKT-NKS),并对其微结构、表面形貌、电学性能进行了分析测试。结果表明,压电陶瓷样品都能形成单一钙钛矿固溶体结构,具有较好的电学性质:x=30%时,d33=149 p C/N,kp=0.315,Qm=139,tanδ=0.037;x=10%时,tanδ=0.037。     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用固相法制备了(1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBa0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6(0≤x≤1.0％)(简称(1-x)NBT-xBSN)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同BSN含量(x=0,0.1％,0.3％,0.5％,0.7％,1.0％,摩尔分数)样品的物相组成、显微结构及电性能.结果表明:所有样品均为纯钙钛矿结构,随掺杂量x的增加,陶瓷的相对密度pr、压电常数d33和机电耦合系数kp均先增大后降低,机械品质因子Qm和退极化温度Td则逐渐下降.该体系陶瓷具有弥散相变特征,弥散指数介于1.6～1.7.当x=0.5％时,陶瓷获得最佳性能:d33=92pC/N,kp=0.164,Qm=89,εr=650,tanδ=5.47％,pr=96.5％.     

氧化铋掺杂对铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响

用传统固相反应法制备了结构致密的铌酸铋钾钠[(Na0.5K0.5)1-3xBixNbO3,0≤x≤0.05]无铅压电陶瓷,研究了掺杂氧化铋(Bi2O3)对铌酸钾钠(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3(NKN)晶体结构和压电性能的影响.结果表明:当Bi2O3含量x＜0.02时,能得到具有纯钙钛矿结构的(Na05K0.5)1.3xBixNbO3陶瓷.最佳烧结温度随Bi2O3含量的增加而升高,与纯铌酸钾钠陶瓷相比,样品密度显著提高.Bi2O3掺杂量对铌酸钾钠的压电性能有很大影响,其压电常数(d33),机电耦合系数(kp,kt)随Bi2O3含量的增加先升高而后降低,并在x=0.01时达到最大值,机械品质因数(Qm)有明显提高.实验表明:当x=0.01时,(Na0.5K0.5)1-3BixNbO3无铅压电陶瓷的密度达4.42g/cm3,表现出优异的压电性能:d33=154×10-6C/N,kp=45%,kt=46%,介电损耗tanδ=3.5%,相对介电常数ε=598,Qm=138.     

BiFeO_3掺杂改性铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷

采用传统固相法制备了(1–x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-xBiFeO3[(1–x)KNN-xBF]无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同BF含量(x=0,0.175%,0.5%,1%,2%,3%,摩尔分数)样品的物相组成、显微结构及电性能。结果表明:当x≤3%时,得到了纯钙钛矿结构的(1–x)KNN-xBF陶瓷。与纯KNN相比,在0x≤1%时,(1–x)KNN-xBF样品的密度(ρ)、压电常数(d33)、平面机电耦合系数(kp)和机械品质因子(Qm)都显著增大;当1%x≤3%时,ρ,d33,kp和Qm又迅速降低;在x=1%时达到最大值。x=1%时,(1-x)KNN–xBF材料的综合性能最好,其中ρ=4.42g/cm3,d33=172pC/N,kp=0.45,介电损耗tanδ=0.021,相对介电常数εr=759和Qm=138;同时表现出较好的抗老化性能。     

Phase Transition Behavior and Electrical Properties of （1-x）K（0.5）Na（0.5）NbO3-xCa（0.3）Ba（0.7）TiO3 Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

采用固相法制备了（1–x）K0.5Na0.5NbO3–xCa0.3Ba0.7TiO3[（1–x）KNN–xCBT]系列无铅压电陶瓷,研究了CBT的含量（x=0～0.08）对样品的物相结构、显微形貌、介电性能以及压电性能的影响。结果表明：所有样品都具有钙钛矿结构;随着x的增加,室温下样品从正交相逐渐向四方相过渡并且Curie温度向低温方向移动,样品的压电常数d33与机电耦合系数kp均先升高后降低。（1–x）KNN–xCBT多晶型转变位于0.03≤x≤0.04,当x=0.03时,样品的压电性能达到最佳：d33=142 pC/N,kp=40%,其介电损耗tanδ从室温到380℃范围内几乎不变且小于0.05,表明组分为x=0.03的陶瓷是一种非常有前景的无铅压电材料。     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–K0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–SrTiO3陶瓷的准同型相界与电性能

采用固相法制备了 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–K0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–SrTiO3（NBT–KBT–BT–ST）陶瓷,该体系是按（1–2x）（0.8NBT–0.2KBT）–x（0.94NBT–0.06BT）–x（0.74NBT–0.26ST） （x = 0.10、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.35、0.40、0.45）组合而成的,研究了该系陶瓷的结构与电性能。结果表明：所有样品都处于三方–四方准同型相界区域。该系陶瓷在准同型相界附近表现出了优异的压电性能,压电常数 d33、机电耦合系数 kp和剩余极化强度 Pr随 x 的增加先升高后降低,其中 x=0.35 陶瓷的电性能最佳：d33= 210 pC/N,kp= 0.319,Pr= 39.3 μC/cm2,Ec= 20.2 kV/cm,是一种良好的无铅压电陶瓷候选材料。依据准同型相界组成的线性组合规律来寻找具有优异压电性能的 NBT–KBT–BT–ST 陶瓷准同型相界组成是可行的。     

(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3无铅压电陶瓷的性能特征

采用传统电子陶瓷制备工艺制备了(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3无铅压电陶瓷。研究了不同Ta含量下(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3陶瓷的晶相组成及性能特征。结果表明,(K0.5Na0.5)(TaxNb1-x)O3陶瓷在低Ta含量时形成单一斜方相固溶体,但Ta含量达到0.08mol后则有K6Ta10.8O30次晶相产生。随着Ta的加入,陶瓷的体积密度逐渐增大,居里温度(Tc)逐渐降低。当Ta含量为0.08mol时陶瓷具有良好的铁电、压电性能和介电稳定性能,其压电常数d33为76pC/N。     

(1-x)BaTiO3-xBi0.5Na0.5TiO3陶瓷的微结构与介电性能研究

采用传统电子陶瓷制备工艺制备了（1-x）BaTiO3-xBi0．5Na0．5TiO3（x=O．2～0．6）陶瓷,研究了不同Bi0．5Na0．5TiO3（BNT）含量下陶瓷的微结构特征和介电性能。结果表明：在BNT为0.2～0.6mol时,陶瓷样品均具有单一的钙钛矿结构,陶瓷的晶粒形状和大小随BNT含量的增加发生变化,BNT含量增加时样品的晶粒趋于减小,样品结构更为致密。陶瓷样品都具有稳定的介电性能,较高的介电常数,较低的介电损耗、BT-BNT40的介电稳定性最好。居里温度随BNT含量的增加而升高、当BNT含量为0．6mol时,T=210℃。     

（1－x）Bi0．5（Na0．8K0．2）0．5TiO3－xKSbO3压电陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用传统固相法制备了新型（1－x）Bi0．5（Na0．8K0．2）0．5TiO3－xKSbO3无铅压电陶瓷,利用XRD、 SEM等测试技术表征了该陶瓷的晶体结构、表面形貌、压电和介电性能。研究结果表明,在所研究的组成范围内陶瓷材料均能形成纯的钙钛矿固溶体。在室温下,当KSbO3的掺杂量为1％时,该体系表现出较好的介电性能：εr和tanδ分别为2231和0．055。     

Structure,dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of (1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 – X K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) solid solution

The correlation of the phase structure, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of lead-free (1-x)(Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃–xK_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ (NBTKNx) (0 = x ≤ 0.1) polycrystalline ceramics, fabricated via a solid state reaction technique, were investigated. The Rietveld refinement allowed identifying the crystallographic transformation from a rhombohedral to a coexisting rhombohedral-tetragonal or tetragonal long range-ordered ferroelectric (FE) phase. The dielectric investigations showed an increase of the dielectric diffuseness (1.53 = γ ≤ 1.73) and a clear shift of the depolarization temperature (T_d) to a lower temperature while increasing substitution. More importantly, the lattice disorder also generated a plateau-like dielectric anomaly, leading to a thermally stable ϵ_r ∼2859 ± 20% (120–500 °C) and ∼3112 ± 10% (120–420 °C) for x = 0.075 and 0.1 samples, respectively. At room temperature (RT), Raman spectroscopy investigations revealed a downshift of the frequencies as a function of the composition with an inhomogeneous broadening of the Raman lines. On heating, Raman spectra showed changes in the region where the dielectric transitions are observed. Moreover, the composition dependence of the current peaks in the I-E loops confirmed the occurrence of a phase transition from a non-ergodic polar phase to an ergodic weakly polar after the applying of an electric field of 60 kV/cm⁻¹.     

Temperature-insensitive dielectric and piezoelectric properties in (1-x)K0.5Na0.5Nb0.997Cu0.0075O3-xSrZrO3 ceramics

Systematic investigation on phase transition, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (1-x)K_0.5Na_0.5Nb_0.997Cu_0.0075O₃-xSrZrO₃ (x = 0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.15, abbreviated as KNNC-100xSZ) ceramics was carried out. Due to the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phase in a wide temperature range, a diffused polymorphic phase transition (PPT) region was achieved in KNNC with x ≥ 0.06. KNNC-12SZ ceramics exhibited high dielectric permittivity (∼1679), low dielectric loss (∼0.02) and small variation (Δe'/ε'_25 °C ≤ 15%) in dielectric permittivity from −78 °C to 237.3 °C. KNNC-6SZ ceramic possessed a high level of unipolar strain (∼0.15%) and maintained a smaller variation of ±12% under the corresponding electric field of 60 kV cm⁻¹ at 10 Hz from 25 °C to 175 °C. d₃₃^*, which was calculated according to the unipolar strain at 60 kV cm⁻¹, was 230 pm V⁻¹ and remained stable below 100 °C. Therefore, our work provided a new promising candidate for temperature-insensitive capacitors and piezoelectric actuators.     

聚合物前驱体法低温制备铌酸钾钠超细粉体

以柠檬酸为配位剂与金属离子配合,水作为溶剂,乙二醇为酯化剂,通过聚合物前驱体法制备(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3粉体.研究了柠檬酸(CA)和乙二醇(EG)的用量和pH值对溶胶性能的影响.采用XRD和TG-DSC研究了(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3晶相的形成过程,用SEM对所制得粉体的表面形貌进行了分析.结果表明:当前驱体溶胶的pH值为7.5,n(CA):n(metalion)=3:1,n(CA):n(EC)=1:2时,可以获得稳定性好的溶胶.凝胶前驱体在加热过程中先反应生成NaNbO3和K2Nb8O21,然后二者固相反应形成K0.5Na0.5NbO3.大部分晶粒呈方形的粒状,少数颗粒呈长柱状.讨论了晶粒形貌的形成原因.     

Low-Temperature Sintering of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 Piezoelectric Ceramics

(K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ piezoelectric ceramics can be sintered at a temperature as low as 750 °C for 5 h by incorporating Li₂CO₃ + Bi₂O₃ + ZnO as the sintering aid, whereas the conventional sintering temperature is around 1,100 °C. The optimal “soft” piezoelectric properties are obtained for ceramics sintered at 850 °C for 5 h. The dielectric permittivity (ε), piezoelectric coefficient (d ₃₃), electromechanical coupling (k _p) and mechanical quality factors (Q _m) of (K, Na)NbO₃ modified with 5.5 wt% sintering aids are 1,436, 90 pC/N, 0.3 and 10, respectively. These values are similar to the values obtained for (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ ceramics sintered above 1,100 °C. The underlying mechanism for abrupt change of dielectric permittivity is explained.     

Preparation and characterization of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics

In this paper the preparation and characterization of the ceramic material (K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃ (KNN) has been studied. Although conventional processing of KNN is often reported to result in sintered bodies lacking sufficient density, samples produced in this work exhibit theoretical density over 95% and yield superior piezoelectric properties than those obtained by the same method and reported previously. The electromechanical coupling coefficient in the thickness direction, k_t, is found to reach 45%. Apart from k_t, the piezoelectric coefficients in longitudinal and planar directions (d₃₃ of 100pC/N and d₃₁ of 43pC/N), hysteresis loop, pyroelectric coefficient measurements and dielectric properties are presented.     

Screening Sintering Aids for (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 Ceramics

Searching for suitable sintering aids for ceramic materials is important and tedious work. In this study, we introduce a simple and effective method, named liquid phase screening method (LPSM), for rapidly screening sintering aids for KNN ceramics. By measuring the structure and properties, we demonstrated that the suitable sintering aids for KNN can be quickly determined by LPSM. The new sintering aids found by this method, GeO₂ and borax which have not been reported before, lead to improved properties.