双折线多层缠绕卷筒动态受力分析及结构优化

对双折线卷筒钢丝绳缠绕过程卷筒的受力进行详细的理论分析,建立钢丝绳缠绕过程卷筒受力分布数学模型,编制卷筒动态受力分布及结构有限元计算自动分析软件.以某履带起重机卷筒为例进行结构分析和优化,结果表明：结构优化后的卷筒端侧面强度降低24%,解决端侧面经常开裂的问题,从而满足设计要求.     

钢丝绳CAD/CAPP系统设计与实现

结合钢丝绳生产的实际需要,提出将钢丝绳的 结构设计与钢丝绳的工艺设计一体化的设计方法,详细分析了钢丝绳结构设计的步骤、理论 计算方法以及在工艺设计过程中涉及的一些主要因素、设计流程．在此基础上结合具体的生 产工艺和生产计划要求,建立相应的设计知识库和并行设计结构框架,实现钢丝绳的智能设 计．     

吊车钢丝绳非线性谐振建模及消谐控制

对于欠驱动吊车而言, 已有的方法都只考虑如何消除摆角. 然而当钢丝绳的摆角很小时, 钢丝绳上可能仍 然会存在严重的谐振. 针对吊车的消谐问题, 本文率先提出了一种基于钢丝绳–电机轴的非线性谐振力矩模型. 具体而言, 先利用振动力学的方法, 建立了非线性谐振力矩模型, 该模型可以将钢丝绳上的非线性谐振力矩归算到电机轴上, 然后通过电机控制器调节电机的输出力矩, 使得电机输出的基波主力矩上叠加一个大小相等方向相反的非线 性谐振力矩, 以达到消除钢丝绳上的谐振力矩的目的. 最后通过Simulink仿真和实验证明该方法具有良好的控制性 能, 不仅可以有效消除钢丝绳上的谐振, 并且能进一步减小摆角.     

High-fidelity simulation of integrated single-wafer processing tools for evaluation of scheduling algorithms

Semiconductor manufacturing equipments are being integrated into complex systems that perform multiple processes in a single contained unit. An integrated single-wafer processing tool, composed of multiple single-wafer processing modules and transfer robots, has complex re-visit routing sequences, and often has critical post-processing residency constraints at the process modules. The simulation of the single-wafer processing tools presented in this paper is to test and validate on-line schedulers, and evaluate the performance of the integrated single-wafer processing tools before they are actually deployed into the fabs. The developed simulator consists of six components which are a graphic user interface, an emulator, an execution system, a manager, an analyzer and a 3D animator. The overall framework is built by using Microsoft Visual C++, and the animator is constructed by using OpenGL. The emulator has the state models of the process and transfer modules, and control functions that execute unit processes of the transfer robots. The manager checks the states of the robots, and sequentially calls these control functions to fulfill transfer commands. The execution system automatically generates contingencies with pre-defined failure lists, and determines whether the rest of the operable wafers should be further processed or discarded. The animator shows real-time 3D animation of the operation of the processing tools. The analyzer provides various performance measures such as throughput rate, cycle time, utility, and ratio of overtime to residency (ROR). Users can test and evaluate various manufacturing scenarios and configurations of the processing tools and recipes.     

面向钢丝绳缺陷检测的图像预处理方法

钢丝绳在使用过程中可能会出现断丝、蜷曲变形,甚至瞬间断裂造成严重的安全事故。传统依靠人工目检的方式正在被新的检测技术替换。图像检测方式的准确性和便利性普遍得到行业认可,但成像设备受到光线、成本、安装距离等因素限制,无法提供到后级处理单元足够的图像信噪比,带来误检、漏检的可能。因此,本文将C-BM3D去噪算法引入到钢丝绳图像检测设备前端,并针对其他几种去噪算法在钢丝绳检测领域的实际效果进行了对比分析。依据PSNR进行性能评定,实验结果表明,C-BM3D算法的引入对实际钢丝绳图像检测的准确性带来进一步的提高。     

Anti-Swinging Input Shaping Control of an Automatic Construction Crane

This paper describes the control of an automatic overhead crane for assembly of modular building elements. The automatic system was developed using a commercial full-size crane, which was modified by adding adequate sensors, servomotors, and control strategy. The crane, which maintained its original cables, was converted to a robotic system, and is controlled via a computer-based multiaxes control board. The implemented algorithms solve two main problems of module assembly: 1) precision positioning of large and heavy modules in the order of a few centimeters, and 2) anti-swinging transportation of modules, even in difficult weather conditions (not extreme). The implementation of the anti-swinging control is achieved using the on-line two-dimensional inclinometer measurements and an on-line calculation of input impulse trains. The developed input-shaping control is divided into two phases: straight line motion and external perturbances cancellation. Experimental results of the developed algorithms which demonstrate the effectiveness of the new process are presented.      

45 t岸边集装箱起重机可视化装配仿真

为缩短岸边集装箱起重机生产制造过程中的装配周期并降低成本,针对某45 t岸边集装箱起重机,基于面向装配设计的方法引入可视化虚拟装配技术,运用CATIA对其进行虚拟装配仿真分析,确定零部件装配层次关系,设计零件的部装、预拼装和总装等部分的整体装配流程.在CATIADMU平台建立基于仿真试拆卸的装配路径规划流程,并以运行小车滑轮组为例分析装配路径规划并进行装配干涉检查.该方法可以直观地显示出各零部件的可装配性,优化岸边集装箱起重机装配结构.     

Multibody system dynamics simulator for process simulation of ships and offshore plants in shipyards

Since various existing simulation tools based on multibody system dynamics focus on conventional mechanical systems, such as machinery, cars, and spacecraft, there are some problems with the application of such simulation tools to shipbuilding domains due to the absence of specific items in the field of naval architecture and ocean engineering, such as hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, and mooring forces. Thus, in this study, we developed a multibody system dynamics simulator for the process simulation of ships and offshore structures. We based the simulator on six kernels: the multibody system dynamics kernel, the force calculation kernel, the numerical analysis kernel, the hybrid simulation kernel, the scenario management kernel, and the collision detection kernel. Based on these kernels, we implemented a simulator that had the following Graphic User Interfaces (GUIs): the modeling, visualization, and report GUIs. In addition, the geometric properties of blocks and facilities in shipyards are needed to configure the simulation for the production of ships and offshore plants, so these are managed in a database and connected to a specific commercial CAD system in shipyards. We used the simulator we developed in various cases of the process simulation of ships and offshore plants. The results show that the simulator is useful for various simulations of operations in shipyards and offshore industries.     

FutureHome: An integrated construction automation approach

This article presents the results of the FutureHome project, the first global project in the construction industry that introduces the ICA concept. The design, planning, and onsite robotization stages of house-building construction have been presented. The main advantage introduced by FutureHome is the integration of the three stages under common data and concept. The article focuses on the architectural design of residential houses and office buildings by using prefabricated modules. The design takes into account the prefabrication and onsite assembly. For efficient construction, a global planning strategy has been developed that integrates the prefabrication, transportation, and onsite processes. Finally, the robotized crane for the assembly of big 3-D modules with small tolerances is presented. The control strategy for adequate assembly with the reduction of positioning errors, rotation errors, and swinging of the modules, has been developed and tested     

螺线管式磁感应钢丝绳断丝检测系统设计

针对现有钢丝绳损伤检测采用人工检查或定期换绳的方法,存在效率低、成本浪费严重及安全性差等问题,设计了螺线管式磁感应钢丝绳断丝检测系统。系统检测原理:当钢丝绳出现断丝时,磁导率会相应降低,磁阻变大,电感量减小,从而导致线圈磁场不平衡并产生感应电动势,根据该感应电动势的大小可判断出钢丝绳断丝的状况。试验结果表明,该系统克服了传统电磁检测技术不能精确检测钢丝绳内部出现断丝的缺陷,检测精度可达95%以上。     

Nonlinear Dynamics in the Motion of Floating Cranes

The nonlinear dynamics of a floating crane is investigated. The motion of the system – consisting of the hull with the crane, the load and a nonlinear mooring system – was found to exhibit various nonlinear phenomena. Operating conditions, in which the motion of the vessel or the load is highly dependent on the initial conditions or disturbances are of special interest. Bifurcations in which a small change of a parameter value causes a large qualitative change of the dynamics often limit the range of save operation.For a floating crane which is periodically forced by waves, different mathematical tools are used to investigate resonances and subharmonic motions. The multiple-scales method allows for the analysis in frequency domain and path following algorithms are applied for a numerical bifurcation analysis. The results of both methods agree very well with each other and both offer tools that could help for the evaluation of operating conditions of crane vessels.     

基于BP神经网络的钢丝绳断丝损伤定量检测系统的设计

针对传统的钢丝绳断丝损伤定量检测系统检测精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的钢丝绳断丝损伤定量检测系统的设计方案。该系统由漏磁检测与处理电路获取钢丝绳损伤信号,由光码盘控制单片机对损伤信号进行等空间采样,经单片机处理后的损伤信号再上传至工控机,由工控机调用Matlab软件进行BP神经网络的训练,得到权重矩阵和阈值矩阵,然后由单片机程序进行BP神经网络的前向计算,从而实现钢丝绳断丝损伤的判定。检测结果表明,该系统对钢丝绳断丝损伤的识别率达到了86.9%,具有一定的实用性。     

A hierarchical assembly knowledge representation framework and microdevice assembly ontology

Microdevice assembly knowledge is dispersed in different product development phases, such as assembly design, assembly simulation and assembly process, and a lot of essential knowledge is implicit and heterogeneous. It is difficult for researchers and computer-aided systems to share and reuse different assembly knowledge quickly and accurately, leading to inefficient and inaccurate assembly process planning. To integrate and structurally represent the assembly design knowledge, assembly simulation knowledge and assembly process knowledge of microdevice, this paper proposes a hierarchical assembly knowledge representation framework and develops a microdevice assembly ontology. There are four layers in the framework, including the organizational structure, the structural relationship, the assembly accuracy, and the process characteristics. The assembly design knowledge that is integrated involves the basic properties of the assembly object as well as the spatial, mating, and assembly relationship, etc. Assembly simulation knowledge refers to the permissible range of assembly force and contact force. Knowledge of assembly processes comprises assembly sequence and operating method of the part. The microdevice assembly ontology is developed based on METHONTOLOGY, and implemented with Protégé. The corresponding SWRL rules have been established to inference the implicit knowledge in assembly design. An ignition target assembly knowledge model based on the microdevice assembly ontology is constructed. In the assembly task of the ignition target, engineers can quickly and accurately access the required assembly knowledge from the ignition target assembly knowledge model, thus verifying the integrity and validity of the microdevice assembly ontology.     

基于竞争概率的片上网络带宽分配方法

在面向特定应用的片上系统中,不同模块之间的通信量和延迟需求差异很大,均等位宽的链路不能充分利用带宽资源。为此,提出一种非均匀的带宽分配方案,根据流量特征和竞争状况设定各链路的数据宽度,采用异构的互联结构合理分配连线资源并优化吞吐量。实验结果表明,在均匀流量模式下,非均匀位宽的异构网络和同构架构的吞吐量相近,而连线资源节省16%。在热点流量模式下,异构网络能够有效缓解局部拥塞状况,提高网络吞吐量。     

基于FLNN的塔机起重量软测量方法研究

通过起重量限制器的受力分析,指出在塔式起重机(塔机)起重量软测量中钢丝绳张力与拉力传感器拉力之间呈非线性关系,提出应用函数型连接神经网络(FLNN)建立软测量模型,为塔机起重量的间接在线测量提供了新方法。结合塔机QTZ63给出了网络的实现过程,实测研究表明:该测量方法具有误差小、精度高、容易实现等优点。     

Combined discrete event and discrete time simulation framework and its application to the block erection process in shipbuilding

In this study, a simulation framework which can support to develop various simulation systems for process planning in shipbuilding is proposed. In addition, a simulation kernel which is a key component of the proposed simulation framework is implemented according to the concept of the combined discrete event and discrete time simulation. To evaluate the efficiency and applicability of the simulation framework proposed in this study, it is applied to the block erection process in shipbuilding. The result shows that the proposed simulation framework can provide the consistent, integrated development environment for a simulation system.     

并行环境下广义装配设计的集成框架

提出了以装配建模和变量设计为核心,以装配规划与仿真,装配分析和公差分析与综合等为支撑的广义装配设计的集成框架,该框架能在并行工程的环境下对产品设计进行信息集成和设计过程集成,形成自上而下的,各支撑系统模块间相互依存,相互评价的设计循环,从而提高产品的一次设计成功率。     

Cyber coordinated simulation for distributed multi-stage additive manufacturing systems

Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes have been increasingly used to manufacture energy storage products with dedicated material preparation and post-processing stages to enhance product properties. Most researchers focus on selecting materials and improving processes, yet the system modeling and management has not been investigated so far. This paper extends the conventional single-stage AM processes to multi-STage distRibutEd AM (STREAM) systems. In STREAM, a batch of material produced at the pre-processing stage is jointly consumed by distributed AM printers, and then the printed parts are collected for the post-processing stage. Modeling and managing such complex systems have been challenging. We propose a novel framework for “cyber-coordinated simulation” to manage the hierarchical information in STREAM. This is important because simulation can be used to infuse data into predictive analytics, thus providing guidance for the optimization and control of STREAM operations. The proposed framework is hierarchical in nature, where the single-stage, multi-stage, and distributed productions are modeled through the integration of different simulators. We demonstrate the proposed framework with simulation data from Freeze Nano Printing (FNP) AM for the fabrication of energy storage products.     

Development Support Tools for Enterprise Resource Planning

Implementing an enterprise system involves capturing all information necessary to make business processes work in an integrated fashion, and reflecting this integration in source code. Enterprise resource planning implementations should also exploit reuse of existing system elements. ERP tools typically work on top of a framework, using prefabricated modules to create customized variants of the system. Among the free and open source ERP systems, only ERP5 offers a comprehensive set of tools tailored to its framework that, together with other off-the-shelf tools, provide support for creating new modules and entire new systems.