雨衰减预测中的降雨率调整因子概念

利用ITU-R数据库地面视距链路和地空链路雨衰减数据,分析了传统雨衰减预报中所使用的基于柱状雨胞模型的雨衰减物理模型导出的路径调整因子与实测数据之间的矛盾.在此基础上,基于指数雨胞建立的雨衰减物理模型,通过理论分析导出了降雨率调整因子的概念.利用降雨率调整因子,可以解释实测数据的主要特征,表明:基于指数雨胞的雨衰减物理模型是合理的,利用降雨率调整因子的概念,可为发展新的地面视距链路和地空链路雨衰减预报模式和方法提供理论依据.     

5G毫米波短距离链路雨衰减特性分析

雨衰减严重影响第5代(the 5th Generation,5G)移动通信系统性能.在路径长度小于1 km的短距离链路情况下,现有雨衰减预测模型调整因子大于1,导致预测雨衰减随路径变短而增大,无法支撑毫米波短距离链路系统设计.通过分析国际电信联盟无线电通信部(Radiocommunication Sector of International Telecommunication Union,ITU-R)短距离链路雨衰减试验数据,发现湿天线衰减与路径雨衰减相当,得到毫米波短距离链路必须考虑湿天线衰减的结论.建立了湿天线衰减与降雨率的关系模型,分频段对模型参数进行了拟合,拟合结果与实测数据吻合得较好.提出了考虑湿天线衰减的短距离雨衰减建模新思路,可解决短距离雨衰减预测问题.研究结果有助于提高5G毫米波系统余量设计的可靠性.     

Ka频段地空路径雨衰及频率比例因子

利用中国国内58个典型站点的参数.根据ITU-R地空路径雨衰预报模型,计算出58个站点地空路径上Ka频段的降雨衰减以及不同频率的衰减值之比,通过数值计算方法拟合得到Ka频段频率比例因子的表达式.本文得到的频率比例因子的计算结果优于ITU-R所推荐的频率比例因子的计算结果.     

恶劣环境下对流层散射信道衰减模型

针对现有的对流层散射损耗模型中的缺陷,研究了雨、雪、雾等恶劣气象环境下,对流层散射通信的电波能量衰减。分析了传统晴空大气下对流层散射损耗的计算方法和变化规律,在恶劣气象环境下,研究了雨、雪、雾等恶劣环境下电磁波的衰减率计算方法以及变化规律。同时为避免路径计算的不合理性,研究了恶劣气象环境对应不同的电磁波路径模型。为全天候、各种气象条件下更好地实现对流层散射通信,建立具有一定参考价值的衰减模型提供依据。     

空—空通信信道的统计特征分析

近年来空—空通信技术受到了高度关注,空—空信道建模与分析是空—空通信领域的研究热点之一。文章依据德国宇航局基于实测数据的空—空信道统计模型,通过仿真实验分析了地面场景切换时路径接收信号的统计分布特征,其实验结果对空-空信道建模具有一定的参考价值。     

我国西部高原山区降雨高度模型

降雨高度是地－空路径雨衰减预测中最重要的参数之一。本文简要叙述了降雨情况下0℃等温层高度和温度剖面的分布特性，详细介绍了雨高模型，该模型是根据中国西部山区降雨期间高空测量数据得到的。最后将该模型和CCIR雨高模型作了比较。     

地空雨衰减预报新模式比较

地空雨衰减预报模式一直是10GHz以上频段地空传播特性研究的重点,2003年中国和英国分别向ITU-R提交了两种地空雨衰减预报改进模式.本文介绍了其改进之处,并按ITU-R的要求,对这两种新模式进行了比较,比较结果表明中国模式具有更好的预测精度.     

基于雨胞分布的视距链路雨衰减预报模型

基于指数雨胞分布,推导得到路径调整因子,提出了一种新的视距链路雨衰减预报模型.利用ITU-R视距链路雨衰减数据库数据回归得到了预报模型中的参数.通过和ITU-R模型以及近几年发展的几种雨衰减模型比较表明,这一模型较其他模型具有更好的预测精度.     

基于灰色系统理论的雨衰减短期预报方法研究

雨衰减对10GHz以上频段的无线通信有很大的影响,在使用卫星通信系统时必须采取合理的策略以补偿降雨造成的衰减。为了给星地链路的自适应功率控制技术提供保障,首次将灰色系统理论应用在雨衰减短期预报中,分析给出了选择灰色系统模型和参数的原则。最后选取海口站Ka 频段地空链路的实测数据进行了验证,利用获得的雨衰减数据对未来间隔1s 和5s 的时刻进行预测,结果表明,基于灰色系统的雨衰减预测和实测数据吻合较好。     

基于进化神经网络的地空路径雨衰减模型

雨衰减对工作在高频的地空通信链路稳定性具有很大影响。本文在考虑多个参数对雨衰减非线性影响的基础上,建立了基于进化神经网络的雨衰模型,并与ITU－R模型进行了比较。结果表明,利用本文提出的模型进行高频电波的预测具有更好的精度,可降低平均误差0.64dB,并减小标准偏差0.79bD,为雨衰减预测提供了一种新的方法。     

Prediction of rain effects on earth-space communication links operating in the 10 to 35 GHZ frequency range

This paper reviews the effects of precipitation on earth-space communication links operating the 10 to 35 GHz frequency range. Emphasis is on the quantitative prediction of rain attenuation and depolarization. Discussions centre on the models developed at Virginia Tech. Comments on other models are included as well as literature references to key works. Also included is the system level modelling for dual polarized communication systems with techniques for calculating antenna and propagation medium effects. Simple models for the calculation of average annual attenuation and cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) are presented. Calculation of worst month statistics are also presented.     

地空路径太赫兹波雨天衰减特性分析

雨滴的散射和吸收作用会严重增加地空链路上太赫兹波的传输损耗,降低无线通信的性能。为实现太赫兹波在地空链路上的传输应用,必须对太赫兹波在降雨环境中的传输特性进行深入研究。本文对原有的雨衰模型进行了修正,基于Mie理论,分析了降雨率的变化对地空链路上太赫兹波传输的影响,并与原有模型的计算结果进行了对比。结果表明：在整个太赫兹频段,雨衰减损耗会随降雨率的增加而增大,随频率的增加先增大后减小,且高频太赫兹波段相对0.1～1 THz频段范围的雨衰损耗更小;同时,当频率超过1 THz时,大气窗口越靠近10 THz,损耗越小,在降雨天气环境进行无线通信传输时将更具有通信优势,且频率越低,天顶角越大,模型修正前后的差异性更加明显。     

一种基于WRF模式的雨衰减短期预报方法初探

将气象中应用广泛的数值天气预报模式应用到雨衰减区域短期预报中,基于数值天气预报模式WRF获得未来一段时间降雨强度和雨顶高度的空间分布,结合系统参数如频率、极化角和仰角等,利用电波传播算法获得雨衰减的空间分布.利用实测降雨数据对预报结果进行验证,结果显示:预报雨衰减和实测雨衰减基本符合,特别是二者随时间的变化趋势非常一致.     

Frequency dependence of effective path length in prediction of rain attenuation statistics

Theoretical and numerical results are presented which demonstrate that the effective path length commonly used in the prediction of rain attenuation statistics for earth-space paths is frequency dependent. Also presented is a method of translating effective path length measurements in frequency.     

On the rain attenuation dynamics: spatial‐temporal analysis of rainfall rate and fade duration statistics

Knowledge about the dynamic characteristics of rain attenuation is of utmost importance for many applications in terrestrial and satellite communication systems operating at frequencies above 10 GHz. Long‐term rain rate statistics and rain rate duration statistics are usually available from meteorological data. In this paper, a spatial–temporal analysis is employed in order to evaluate the rain attenuation power spectrum of a terrestrial/satellite path. The predicted power spectrum is compared with experimental data. Based on the spectral analysis of rainfall rate a method for converting rain rate duration statistics to link fade duration statistics is also proposed. Fade duration statistics are presented for terrestrial and satellite links and compared with available experimental data. The agreement between the predicted results and the experimental data has been found to be quite encouraging. Finally, numerical results are presented for various climatic zones, elevation angles and frequencies. Some very useful conclusions concerning the dynamic properties of rain attenuation for a microwave path are deduced. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Millimeter wave attenuation prediction using a piecewise uniform rain rate model

A piecewise uniform rain rate distribution model is introduced as a quasi-physical model of real rain along earth-space millimeter wave propagation paths. It permits calculation of the total attenuation from specific attenuation in a simple fashion. The model predications are verified by comparison with direct attenuation measurements for several frequencies, elevation angles, and locations. Also, coupled with the Rice-- Holmberg rain rate model, attenuation statistics are predicated from rainfall accumulation data.     

The role of rain in satellite communications

The most fundamental obstacle encountered in design of satellite communication systems at frequencies above 10 GHz is attenuation by rain. The microwave power radiated toward an earth station, being limited by factors such as available primary power and size of antenna on the satellite, is insufficient, with present technology, to overcome the large attenuation produced by intense rain cells on the earth-space path. The resultant loss of signal makes for unreliable transmission. In what follows, methods of measurement of this attenuation at various frequencies and a technique called path diversity that substantially improves the reliability are presented. Other degradations produced by rain, such as depolarization, interference, increase in earth-station noise, and deterioration of earth-station antenna performance, are also discussed.