节能环保技术措施在火电厂中的应用

现如今,环境保护、生态节能得到了社会广泛的重视与关注,如何减少污染、实现生态节能成为重要研究课题。火电厂作为大气排放主要企业,节能环保成为火电厂经营发展当务之急,应用节能环保技术措施是对火电厂的根本要求,也是在激烈的竞争中实现长存的有效路径。针对节能环保技术在火电厂应用过程中存在的问题,给出优化措施,旨在提升火电厂整体效益。     

火电厂节能项目的节能效果评价分析

对当前火电厂的节能技术进行了概述,并提出了科学、可行的节能项目评价指标体系,对火电厂节能项目的节能减排评价工作具有一定的指导和规范作用。     

浅析火力发电厂热动系统节能优化措施

从我国能源供需矛盾和火电厂主要能源消耗指标,以及与世界先进技术的差距和设备制造技术水平等方面,分析火电厂的能源消耗潜力,火电厂热力系统的工作原理,提出热动系统的节能措施是实现国家环境治理和节能减排的根本路径。火电厂的节能减排对于企业安全生产以及环保具有十分重要的影响,也对于企业提高节能减排意识,开展工作思路,具有积极的指导作用。     

火电厂电气系统节能技术分析及优化控制

本文分析了火电厂电气系统节能技术的现状,提出造成能量损失、浪费的根本性问题,并对火电厂电气系统节能技术优化控制措施进行了总结。     

火电厂建筑节能技术的应用探讨

根据火电厂建筑的类型与特点,叙述了建筑采光、墙体的保温隔热、绿色节能系统及节能灯具、建筑施工过程节能、厂区建筑集中供热供气等应采用的建筑节能技术,指出,提高电厂建筑的能源利用系数对火电厂的节能减排具有重要意义。     

浅析火电机组节能诊断方法与应用

节能诊断及节能潜力分析既是对火电厂整体能耗水平评估的手段,又是有效指导火电厂安排自身机组进行节能改造的参考依据,在火电厂节能改造工作中发挥着极其重要的作用。"十一五"期间,各电力公司相继完成了国家制定的节能目标,但节能诊断数据分析显示,大多数600MW及以下机组仍有8g/kWh左右的节能潜力。1节能诊断理论1.1耗差分析法耗差分析法是根据电厂实际运行参数与设定的基准值的差值,通过建立耗差分析模型计算得出实际运行指标对机组     

火电厂建筑节能技术的应用探讨

根据火电厂建筑的类型与特点,对建筑采光、墙体的保温隔热、绿色照明系统及节能灯具、建筑施工过程节能、厂区建筑集中供热供气等建筑节能技术的具体应用进行了探讨与总结,提高电厂建筑的能源利用系数,对火电厂的节能减排具有重要意义。     

火电厂风机变频改造节能分析

通过分析火电厂风机运行特性,总结出风机节能改造需要解决的问题,提出变频改造的需求,在阐明变频改造原理和优点的基础上,通过电厂风机改造实例,分析风机变频改造的节能效果;通过试验数据分析表明,火电厂风机通过变频改造能够取得显著的节能效果及经济效益。     

火电厂热工自动化与节能增效

降低发电煤耗提高经济运行水平，一直是火电厂的重要任务之～。几十年来，世界各国都在努力提高火电机组的热效率，降低发供电煤耗。我国煤耗指标比世界发达国家高出60－70％千克／千瓦时，就国家引进型300mw机组来说，也高出设计值30－40％千克／千瓦时，这就给我们电力科技工作者提出了努力方向，我01根据自己多年热工自动专业工作的经验，就火电厂热工自动化与节能的关系谈谈自己的看法。一、火电厂节能工作简述火电厂节能工作可分为工艺节能和控制节能两方面。一般来说生产设备或生产装置的运行总要消耗一定的能源。如电厂中锅炉、汽机…     

火电厂化学节能探讨

通过对电厂化学节能方式的论述,从节水、节煤、节电3个方面为火电厂的节能从根本上提供了节能的措施和方法,对电厂节能有一定实际指导意义。     

Operational strategies for Kuwait's 100 kWe/0.7MWth solar power plant

In March 1981 a 0.7 MW_th solar thermal power plant was commissioned at Kuwait's Sulaibiya Solar Complex. The cogeneration of solar power plant was designed to be the main energy supplier for an agricultural desert settlement 35 km south-west of Kuwait City. The power plant produces both the electric and thermal energy needs for its own internal uses and those of the food/water/power complex. The electric users, outside the power plant's own needs, include water pumping from a 110 metre deep water well, an outdoor irrigation network, four desert greenhouses, a walk-in cooler, air conditioning, a reverse osmosis (R.O.) desalination plant, as well as the electric power needs for a multistage flash (M.S.F.) desalination plant, offices, workshop, data acquisition and lighting. The reject thermal energy from the power plant is utilized to power an M.S.F. desalination plant, and the domestic hot water needs. The power plant operational strategies are aimed at satisfying the energy needs for this food/water/power complex under prevailing solar radiation conditions while minimizing the inconvenience to the user (the complex) and maximizing the percent of the total energy derived from the sun (solar fraction). Surplus energy is stored as electric energy, thermal energy, or used to desalinate additional volumes of brackish water which can be stored in strategic water reservoirs.During periods of low solar radiation the power plant may be operated at partial load to supply the essential electric energy needs, charge the thermal storage, or provide the thermal energy needs for the MSF desalination system. An energy cost accounting system was developed to encourage the user to minimize his electric consumption during periods of low solar radiation. A mathematical energy model for the power plant was utilized to predict its output and suggest the optimum operational strategy according to the user's priorities, and predict surpluses or shortages that have to be accommodated by the emergency secondary energy source.     

Dual-fluid-hybrid power plant co-powered by low-temperature geothermal water

Three variants of power plants fuelled or co-fuelled by geothermal water have been assessed, with the aim of making the best use of the energy contained in a stream of 80–120 °C geothermal water. Heat-flow calculations for three power plant types, namely an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plant, a dual-fluid-hybrid power plant and a single-fluid hybrid-fuelled power plant, are presented. The analysis shows the thermodynamic benefits, in terms of the extent of using the thermal energy of low-temperature geothermal water, that arise from utilizing hybrid and dual-fluid-hybrid power plants rather than ORC power plants. The dual-fluid plant optimizes the use of the geothermal water, but the hybrid plant makes the best overall utilization of the energy compared to separate ORC and fuel-fired plants.     

基于峰谷分时电价的虚拟电厂日前申报及运行优化

鉴于分布式能源的出力性质为间歇性和波动性,影响电网安全高效运行,而虚拟电厂可解决此问题。对虚拟电厂进行申报-调度两阶段建模,以包含分布式电源(光电、风电和燃气轮机)和储能系统(储能电池)两大类分布式能源的虚拟电厂为例,基于光照强度及风速等不确定因素,研究峰谷分时电价下日前市场虚拟电厂的出力申报和运行调度策略并利用风险价值模型进行风险管理。结果表明,申报出力时,当电价激励足够高时储能电池方会参与出力,成功起到削峰填谷的作用;运行调度时,平衡出力偏差方面,储能电池发挥主要作用,且虚拟电厂运行调度策略具有一定的经济效益。     

Cost effectiveness of decentralized energy supply systems taking solar and wind utilization plants into account

In this article, results are presented of annual simulations of a decentralized (regional) plant for the power and heat supply of a residential complex. This complex consists of four houses with 40 flats all in all. The annual power consumption of the complex is 157 MWh and the heat requirement is 325 MWh. The concrete dynamics of the energy demands over the year is taken into consideration. The energy supply system is composed of a power-controlled combined heat and power (CHP) plant (55 kW), a photovoltaic plant (PV array or PV plant) array for power generation as well as a field of solar thermal collectors with a short-term accumulator for water heating and a long-term accumulator for supplying heat for domestic heating purposes. Simulation results demonstrate that synergetic effects result from the combination of a CHP plant with wind power and PV plants of varying sizes, which have an effect on the cost effectiveness of the plant as a whole with the different dynamics of energy sources (wind and solar energies) and of the consumption of power and heat being the decisive factors. The power deficits of wind power and PV plants are compensated through the application of a natural gas-operated CHP plant. In almost all variants, the demand for fossil energy carriers is distinctly less than in conventional energy supply plants.     

The features of sustainable Solar Hydroelectric Power Plant

This work presents the main features of the new power plant that comprises the modified reversible hydroelectric (HE) power plant operating together with the photovoltaic (PV) power plant. Such Solar Hydroelectric Power Plant (SHE) uses solar energy as the only input for production of solar and hydro energy. Thereat, water reservoir serves for daily and seasonal energy storage, thus basically solving the problem of energy storage, which is the biggest problem of wider use of solar energy. The most expensive part of SHE is the PV generator, whose optimal sizing is essential for providing energetic independence of a settlement or isolated consumer. A systematic approach that includes all relevant elements of this system has been implemented for optimal sizing of the PV power plant. The developed model was used in analysis of certain parameters of the SHE system. The results of the analysis show the system characteristics and that the proposed model describes the operation of the power plant very well. The feasibility and characteristics of the power plant were tested on electric energy supply of the island of Vis in Croatia. It has been established that the system is real, feasible and can be very successfully applied on different locations, for different consumers and can vary in size. The prerequisite for realization of such system is the construction of a modified reversible HE power plant. The presented SHE represents a permanently sustainable energy source that can continuously provide power supply to a consumer, using exclusively natural and renewable energy sources, without causing harmful effects on the environment.     

Hybrid electric power plant sizing strategy based on ab-initio fuel cell design for weight minimization

This work presents a methodology for the design of a hydrogen fuel cell-based hybrid electric power plant for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), where a battery bank and ultracapacitors are also considered as components of the hybrid power plant. The methodology considers the design features of an electric vehicle and evaluates its energy and power requirements as to fulfil a driving cycle. The work starts by weight minimizing a fuel cell taking into consideration its physical and electrochemical characteristics. Batteries and ultracapacitors are then sized according to their dynamic response features and considering specifications from commercial candidate cells, to propose an electric configuration and specify the baseline for a hybrid power plant. In order to illustrate the methodology, a crossover utility electric vehicle and a WLTC class I drive cycle are used. This work shows that by reducing the power plant size, power and energy requirements can also be minimized and the overall performance can be increased promoting fuel and costs savings. For comparison and to show the impact of weight minimization on the energy on board and cost, this work presents the energy and power required by different power plant configurations. Results showed that including ultracapacitors to the power plant offers more benefits, such as less stress on batteries, at a marginal initial cost compared to a case without ultracapacitors, where batteries should attend transients with a limited capability for energy recovery from regenerative breaking. The methodology is easily implemented and does not large computational resources providing with a power plant baseline for further design stages, such as particular energy management approaches depending on particular priorities for the developer, such as range, productivity and performance, economy and others.     

计及风光不确定性的新能源虚拟电厂多时间尺度优化调度

针对中国西北地区新能源消纳问题,该文聚合风力发电、光伏发电、光热电站、电储能装置组成虚拟电厂（VPP）,提出一种基于鲁棒随机优化理论的新能源虚拟电厂多时间尺度优化调度策略。首先对风力发电、光伏发电、光热电站与电储能装置进行数学描述,在此基础上建立VPP多时间尺度优化调度模型。在日前调度层中,以VPP运行效益最大为目标,依据风光日前预测出力建立日前优化调度模型;在时前调度层中,以VPP运行成本最小为目标,根据风光时前预测出力建立时前调度修正模型。同时,为了衡量风电、光伏发电出力不确定性对系统的运行影响,建立VPP随机优化调度模型。仿真结果验证该模型可提高运行效益与新能源消纳能力。     

电站供电的能耗和污染成本指标研究

介绍了火电厂能源利用单一性能评价指标,即表示能耗的供电煤耗指标和环境的污染排放指标。在此基础上,提出了综合能耗和环境的综合评价指标,从而突破了传统的只考虑单一性能的评价模式。该指标分别以标准煤和污染物排放罚款价为指标权重,反映了供电的能耗和污染成本,能全面反应电厂能源利用情况。并结合实例,说明了该指标与单一指标的不同以及优点所在,指出该指标可以作为电厂能源利用优劣的评价准则,也可为国家电力节能减排优化电源提供依据。     

Performance evaluation of solar chimney power plants in Iran

The solar chimney power plant is a simple solar thermal power plant that is capable of converting solar energy into thermal energy in the solar collector. In the second stage, the generated thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy in the chimney and ultimately into electric energy using a combination of a wind turbine and a generator. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of solar chimney power plants in some parts of Iran theoretically and to estimate the quantity of the produced electric energy. A mathematical model based on the energy balance was developed to estimate the power output of solar chimneys as well as to examine the effect of various ambient conditions and structural dimensions on the power generation. The solar chimney power plant with 350 m chimney height and 1000 m collector diameter is capable of producing monthly average 1-2 MW electric power over a year.     

电厂循环水余热回收供暖节能分析与改造技术

在电厂余热利用的基础上,通过回收冷却塔散失的热量,对循环水余热回收供暖进行了节能分析,结合电厂对循环水余热回收供暖的应用,阐述循环水余热回收供暖的节能措施以及实施后的节能效果。实践证明,电厂循环水余热回收供暖具有显著的节能和环保效果。