氢化物发生-等离子发射光谱法同时测定电子五金元件中汞铅镉铬

电子五金元件样品经酸消解后,样品溶液与氯化亚锡经自制简易氢化物装置混合产生氢化物,与样品溶液一起导入等离子体中,可同时测定汞、铅、镉、铬四元素。氢化物发生大大提高了汞的检测灵敏度,汞、铅、镉、铬检出限分别为0.002,0.006,0.002和0.005 mg.L-1,相对标准偏差为2.09%~3.12%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定玩具包装物中六价铬和镉、汞、铅

用常规酸消解法或微波消解法消解样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了玩具包装物中的铬、镉、汞、铅的含量.对六价铬、镉、汞、铅的总含量超过100 mg·kg-1的样品,用共沉淀分离消解液中三价铬后,再用ICP-AES测定六价铬的含量,建立了玩具包装物中六价铬、镉、汞、铅的快速分析方法.方法的回收率为91.2%～103.5%,相对标准偏差(n=11)均小于3%.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定精油中砷、钡、铋、镉、铬、铅、锑、汞含量

研究了采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定精油中重金属元素砷、钡、铋、镉、铬、铅、锑、汞含量的方法,确定了实验的最佳条件.方法检出限在0.3～3 μg/kg之间,回收率为84.9%～101.5%,RSD在0.9%～4.7%之间.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定固体废物中镉的不确定度评定

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定固体废物中镉含量的不确定度的评定方法。通过建立数学模型,分别对样品称量、样品溶液定容体积、系列标准工作溶液的配制、标准曲线拟合、测量重复性等影响不确定度的分量进行分析,计算合成不确定度以及扩展不确定度。固体废物中镉质量分数为0.421 mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.080 8mg/kg(k=2,置信概率为95%)。标准曲线拟合是影响电感耦合等离子体质谱法测量固体废物中镉含量不确定度的最主要来源,其次为系列标准工作溶液的配制,而样品称量、样品溶液定容体积、测量重复性等分量的影响可忽略不计。     

冷凝回流消解-双向视电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定锌合金中的铅、镉、铬和汞

采用冷凝回流技术,将电子产品中锌合金样品用稀HNO谱直读DUO-ICP-AES同时测定锌合金中的铅、镉、 铬和汞,方法的检出限为0.0012～0.016μg/mL,方法的回收率为92.3%～99.5%,RSD为0.32%～3.5%.该方法快速简便,可应用于电子电气产品锌合金中的铅、镉、铬和汞日常检验.     

回流冷凝试样消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铝合金中铅、镉、铬和汞

采用回流冷凝技术,将电子电气产品中铝合金样品用稀盐酸加热溶解后,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定电子电气产品铝合金中铅、镉、铬和汞,方法的检出限为0.001 8~0.019 mg.L-1,方法的回收率和精密度分别为92.3%~96.1%和0.16%~3.71%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定酱油中铅和总砷含量的不确定度评定

根据实验过程的数学模型,分析了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定酱油中铅和总砷含量的不确定度来源,对不确定度分量进行计算,并计算出合成不确定度及扩展不确定度。     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大米中镉的不确定度评定

评定微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定大米中镉含量的不确定度。该法测量不确定度主要来源于标准曲线拟合、标准工作溶液配制和测量重复性。结果表明，微波消解ICP-MS法测定大米中镉质量分数为0.174 mg/kg时，在95%置信水平下，其扩展不确定度为0.021 mg/kg，包含因子k=2。通过对各不确定度分量的计算和评定结果量值比对，得出测量过程中不确定度的主要来源是标准曲线拟合，其次为系列标准工作溶液的配制和测量重复性，贡献值分别为70.9%、11.2%和11.8%，样品称量和定容过程中量器以及实验室温度变化引入的不确定度较小。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定金属饰品中铅、镉、铬、汞、锑、砷、硒、钡、镍溶出量

金属饰品样品用硝酸(20+80)溶液浸泡过夜,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定金属饰品中铅、镉、铬、汞、锑、砷、硒、钡和镍的溶出量。选择波长为216.9,228.8,267.7,194.2,206.8,189.0,196.0,455.4,216.6nm的9条谱线依次作为测定铅、镉、铬、汞、锑、砷、硒、钡和镍的分析线。铅、镉、铬、锑、砷、硒、钡和镍的质量浓度与其发射强度在10.0mg·L-1以内、汞在2.0mg·L-1以内呈线性关系,检出限(3s)在0.002～0.05mg·L-1之间。方法用于金属饰品的分析,回收率在95.4%～103.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在0.68%～2.0%之间。     

塑料制品中铅、汞、镉、铬(Ⅵ)测定

塑料样品用硝酸、盐酸、高氯酸及过氧化氢(含硅样品尚须加入氢氟酸)加压消解,可按程序用微波加热或置于不锈钢压力罐中,密闭后在控温于190℃的烘箱中加热.所得试样溶液供电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铅、汞及镉,要求及限量的盐酸抵消氯离子的影响,测定了标准物质中铅、汞、镉的含量,测得结果与证书值一致,铅、汞、镉测定值的相对标准偏差(n=9)在0.3%～8.0%之间.另取样品用二苯基羰酰二肼(DPC)光度法测定其铬(Ⅵ)含量,样品中铬(Ⅵ)用氢氧化钠-碳酸钠混合溶液和磷酸二氢钾-磷酸氢二钾缓冲溶液超声提取60 min,分取部分过滤提取液,按DPC光度法测定铬(Ⅵ)量.测得铬(Ⅵ)的平均回收率为95%,平均相对标准偏差(n=9)为0.35%.铅、汞、镉及铬(Ⅵ)的检出限(3σ)依次为0.011,0.007,0.003,0.001 mg·L-1.     

Certification of reference materials for Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in polypropylene

Two reference materials, at relatively low and high concentrations (GBW08404 and GBW08405), for analysis of the mass fractions of Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in polypropylene were developed. The reference materials were prepared by doping blank polypropylene base material with Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in the form of oxides, salts or pigments. Homogeneity and stability studies were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The certification of the four analytes was carried out by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) with microwave-assisted digestion. Combined uncertainties were calculated from the IDMS uncertainty evaluation budget and the uncertainty of the homogeneity. The mass fractions of Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb of the two certified reference materials (CRMs) were from 8 to 1,000 mg kg⁻¹. The two samples were also used in an interlaboratory comparison scheme in which National Institute of Metrology, China, National Metrological Institute of Japan and Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science participated. The agreement of the comparison results proved that the certification procedure of the CRMs is valid and that the certified values of Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb are accurate and reliable.     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定汽车涂料中8种重金属

建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定汽车涂料中Pb,Cr,Se,Ba,Sb,As,Cd,Hg含量的方法。以HNO_3-H_2O_2(体积比为4∶1)混合酸消解样品,各元素分析谱线:Pb 220.353 nm,Cr 267.716 nm,Se196.090 nm,Ba 233.527 nm,Sb 217.581 nm,As 189.042 nm,Cd 228.802 nm,Hg 184.950 nm。8种元素测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.02%~12.94%(n=6);对白色、蓝色、红色汽车漆样品进行加标回收试验,Pb,Cr,Se,Ba,As,Cd,Hg,的加标回收率为81.26%~99.79%,Sb的回收率为62.43%~87.61%。该方法快速、简便,精密度、准确度较高,可用于汽车涂料中重金属含量的监控。     

Assessment of the health of a river ecosystem due to the impact of pollution from industrial discharge using instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA) were employed in the determination of heavy metal concentrations in water, plant and sediment samples to assess the extent of heavy metal pollution in a river system which is located within an industrial zone. Elemental concentrations of As, Pb, Hg, Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni and Zn were measured in the samples. Statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained to look for trends in the pollution pattern of these elements on the river system. The trend in concentrations of heavy metals pollution in water samples is in the order of Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > As > Pb > Hg > Cd, whereas in plants the order is Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Hg > Cd and in sediments Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > As > Hg.     

玩具、铅笔中8种有害元素模拟溶出条件的研究

国内外标准中关于玩具、铅笔中可溶性有害元素砷、钡、镉、铬、汞、铅、锑、硒的测定只考虑了胃液酸度的影响这一不足,在充分考虑唾液、胃液两种介质的影响下,建立了新的模拟溶出条件,将改进后的方法用于检测玩具、铅笔中8种有害元素,测定结果更切合实际。     

Certification of the contents of some heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in three types of soils

Summary The element contents of Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn of three types of soil were certified. The preparation, homogeneity and stability are reported. The certified contents as well as values for Co, Cr, Mn and Se and for the aqua regia soluble contents Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn are given.

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Zertifizierung von Schwermetallspuren (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb und Zn) in drei Bodenproben

Zusammenfassung In drei verschiedenen Bodenproben wurden die Elementgehalte an Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb und Zn zertifiziert. Es wird berichtet über die Bereitung, Homogenität und Stabilität. Die zertifizierten Gehalte sowie der Gehalt an Cr, Co, Mn und Se und der Gehalt an königswasserlöslichem Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb und Zn werden angegeben.

     

Senio river ecosystem: characterization and distribution of inorganic species in water and sediments

Analytical results are reported for the determination of inorganic species in water and sediments sampled in the Senio river ecosystem. The species determined are Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, Hg, F-, Cl-, Br, NO3-, SO4-, Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, NH4+ in integrated water, and Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, Hg in sediments. For all the elements, in addition to detection limits, precision and accuracy are given: the former, expressed as relative standard deviation (sr), and the latter, expressed as relative error (e), were good, being in all cases lower than 6%. Limitedly to Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn a critical comparison with voltammetric measurements is also discussed.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定谷类产品中8种重金属元素

为建立大批量谷类产品中重金属元素的快速检测方法,采用快速消解法,样品于聚丙烯刻度离心管中经硝酸消解,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪同时检测Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、As、Hg等8种重金属元素含量.研究了消解酸用量及消解时间对结果的影响,并优化了仪器工作参数.研究结果表明,样品在120℃消解1 h后直接定容测定,各元...     

黔产市售绿茶重金属的含量特征及健康风险评估

为研究黔产市售绿茶中重金属的含量分布特征及健康风险,以五个生产加工地的黔产市售绿茶为研究对象,分析其9种重金属(Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni和As)含量,利用美国环境保护署(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型进行人体重金属的健康风险评价。结果表明,五种茶叶中Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg、Cu和As含量均低于国家限量标准。黔产市售绿茶的重金属浸出率大小次序为Zn>Mn>Hg>As>Cd>Pb>Cr>Cu>Ni。健康风险评价结果表明,五个产地的绿茶中重金属通过饮茶途径所产生的健康危害个人年风险大小次序为Cd>As>Mn>Ni>Cr>Hg>Pb>Zn>Cu,茶叶中重金属通过饮茶途径所产生的个人健康危害年风险总和为4.33×10-6~5.73×10-6 a-1,均低于USEPA和ICRP推荐的最大可接受风险水平,表明重金属引起的健康危害极小,其对暴露人群造成的健康危害可忽略不计,绿茶中重金属均处于安全范围内。     

Inorganic species in water and sediments of the Lamone and Marzeno rivers ecosystem

Analytical results are reported for the determination of inorganic species in water and sediments sampled in the Lamone and Marzeno rivers ecosystem. The species determined are Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg, F-, Cl- Br-, NO3-, SO4--, Na+, K+, Mg++, Ca++, NH4+ in superficial water, and Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg in sediments. For all the elements, in addition to detection limits, precision and accuracy are given: the former, expressed as relative standard deviation (s(r)), and the latter, expressed as relative error (e), were good, being in all cases lower than 6%.     

激光烧蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定塑料中的Pb、Cd、Cr和Hg

采用激光烧蚀固体进样技术的电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)测定了塑料中的Pb、Cd、Cr和Hg。选择了线扫描激光烧蚀方式,并从灵敏度和稳定性角度优化了工作参数。根据计算分馏因子考察了分馏效应,结果表明,所测元素分馏效应小。塑料中Hg的记忆效应严重,认为主要来自样品表面吸附,减小样品的表面积可减小Hg的记忆效应。以聚丙烯标准物质及其空白片作校准曲线,应用于ABS、PPS、PA66+30%GF、PVC、PTFE等实际塑料样品的测定,测定结果与ICP-OES(XRF)法测定值基本吻合。Pb、Cd、Cr和Hg的检测下限分别为0.002、0.001、0.08和1.5 mg/kg。