原位接枝改性白炭黑/炭黑对天然橡胶/反式聚异戊二烯并用胶性能的影响

考察了原位接枝改性白炭黑(SiO_2)与炭黑(CB)并用对天然橡胶(NR)/反式聚异戊二烯(TPI)并用胶硫化特性、力学性能及动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着SiO_2并用比的增加,NR/TPI混炼胶的焦烧时间和正硫化时间逐渐延长,门尼黏度逐渐增大,加工流动性降低,硫化胶的拉伸强度、300%定伸应力和回弹性逐渐下降,邵尔A硬度逐渐上升;当CB/SiO_2(质量比)为40/10时,硫化胶的撕裂强度达到最大值(67.8 k N/m);当CB/SiO_2为30/20时,耐磨性能达到最佳;当CB/SiO_2为10/40时,硫化胶的2级和6级耐屈挠性能最好,分别达到5.4×10~5次与8.0×10~5次;SiO_2的加入可同时改善NR/TPI硫化胶的抗湿滑性能、滚动阻力和动态生热,当SiO_2用量为50份时,相比于CB用量为50份时,NR/TPI硫化胶的滚动阻力和动态生热分别降低23.8%和29.8%,抗湿滑性能提升8.86%。     

废旧轮胎热解炭黑与SiO_2并用在丁苯橡胶中的应用研究

研究了废旧轮胎热解炭黑(简称:热解炭黑)与二氧化硅(SiO_2)在丁苯橡胶中的应用情况,考察了二者不同配比对丁苯橡胶混炼胶的动态力学性能、门尼粘度、硫化特性以及硫化胶力学性能、磨耗性能、导电性能的影响。结果表明,加入SiO_2可使混炼胶Payne效应增强,粘度升高,硫化时间延长;当热解炭黑/SiO_2配比为50/10和45/5时,硫化胶拉伸强度和撕裂强度均最优;配比为50/5时耐磨性能最好;随着填料总用量的增大,硫化胶导热性能升高。     

白炭黑/炭黑混合填料对氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混胶性能的影响

采用沉淀白炭黑和高耐磨炭黑作为氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混胶的填料.研究以不同质量比混合的沉淀白炭黑和高耐磨炭黑对氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混胶的硫化特性、门尼粘度、力学性能、耐热老化性能和耐油性能的影响,并通过RPA分析表征填料-填料的相互作用,采用SEM表征白炭黑/炭黑混合填料在氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混胶中的分散性.结果表明,随着混合填料中白炭黑所占比例的增大,氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混胶的硫化转矩升高,焦烧时间(t10)缩短,正硫化时间(t90)延长,门尼粘度增大.氟橡胶/硅橡胶共混胶的力学性能,耐热老化性能和耐油性能都随着混合填料中白炭黑用量增多而提高.RPA分析表明,全部采用白炭黑补强的共混胶Payne效应最明显,炭黑补强的共混胶Payne效应最弱.SEM分析表明,白炭黑在共混胶中分布比炭黑更加均匀,填料聚集体粒径较小.     

炭黑/煤矸石/碳纳米管复合填料体系对天然橡胶性能的影响研究*

利用硝酸氧化法对碳纳米管(CNTs)进行纯化,并用环氧天然橡胶(ENR)进行改性处理。结合胶质量分数测定结果表明, ENR用量15%(质量)时效果最佳。采用胶乳凝聚法制备CNTs/天然橡胶(NR)母料。煤矸石粉(CG)经高温煅烧和表面改性处理。 将CNTs/天然橡胶(NR)母料、CG和炭黑(CB)通过机械混炼法与天然橡胶及配合剂混合,制备CB/CG/CNTs/NR复合材料,并对复合材料进行硫化特性及物理机械性能。结果表明： CNTs延迟硫化效应明显;相比炭黑,CG对硫化具有促进作用。硫化特性和甲苯溶胀法测定结果表明,在填料份数相同的条件下,单独由CB填充的NR有最大的交联密度,CNTs对交联密度影响不明显。物理机械性能测试结果表明,当CG：CB：CNTs=17.5:16.5:1(Phr)时,NR硫化胶的300%定伸应力和扯断伸长率明显高于单独由CB填充NR,而拉伸强度与之接近,复合填料样填充NR具有较好的综合性能。扫描电镜测试结果表明,复合填料在NR基体中分布均匀。     

炭黑/再生橡胶复合填料对天然橡胶补强性能的影响

针对传统橡胶基补强填料在补强橡胶基体时容易发生团聚,形成缺陷结构,降低橡胶制品的综合性能问题,研究了炭黑/再生橡胶(CB/RR)和炭黑/胶粉(CB/GTR)复合填料填充天然橡胶(NR)硫化胶的物理机械性能和动态力学性能,分别探讨了不同用量比的CB/RR以及CB/GTR复合填料对NR综合性能的影响。结果表明,当CB/GTR并用时,随着GTR用量增加,并用胶拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、硬度、储能模量和损耗模量均逐渐降低;与CB/GTR并用相比,CB/RR并用填充NR的硫化速率慢,损耗因子低,拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、硬度、储能模量和损耗模量更高。当CB/RR填料并用质量比为30/30时,NR硫化胶的物理机械性能和界面相容性较好,NR硫化胶表面光滑平整,其拉伸强度最大可达22.5MPa,比同比例下CB/GTR填充胶的拉伸强度提高了10.6MPa。     

白炭黑/炭黑复合填充对NR性能的影响

在白炭黑和炭黑填料总量一定的情况下,研究了不同白炭黑/炭黑配比对NR性能的影响。结果表明,白炭黑用量增加,NR硫化速率下降,体系中炭黑填料网络被破坏且白炭黑-橡胶间较弱的相互作用也会对NR硫化胶力学性能产生一系列影响。DMA结果表明,加入20~25份白炭黑对提高硫化胶的抗湿滑性和降低滚动阻力最为有效。     

结合胶的热分解反应动力学研究

应用TG/DSC技术研究了天然橡胶(NR)和以普通炭黑、碳纳米管(MWNT)分别作为填料制备的结合橡胶。应用FWO(Ozawa-Flynn-Wall)计算了NR、炭黑结合胶及MWNT结合胶的热分解动力学,并利用多元非线性拟合法求得NR、炭黑结合胶及MWNT结合胶的热分解反应机理及机理函数。     

掺杂氧化钐的炭黑用量对粉末天然橡胶性能的影响

高耐磨炉黑(HAF)填充型粉末天然橡胶(NR)[P(NR/HAF)]硫化胶的缺点是300%定伸应力低,因此,采用Sm2O3掺杂HAF(HAF-Sm),用凝聚共沉法制备了掺杂Sm2O3的HAF填充型粉末天然橡胶(NR)[P(NR/HAF-Sm)],研究了其硫化胶的力学性能与Sm2O3及HAF用量之间的关系。结果表明:在炭黑用量为10~100份,当炭黑用量相同、Sm2O3的质量分数为HAF的3%时,其P(NR/HAF-Sm)硫化胶的300%定伸应力显著高于P(NR/HAF)硫化胶,而与块状NR(MNR)/HAF机械混炼胶料硫化胶的相近;其拉伸强度、100%定伸应力和撕裂强度明显高于P(NR/HAF)及MNR/HAF硫化胶。这说明适量的Sm2O3掺杂HAF可显著提高炭黑填充型粉末NR硫化胶的300%定伸应力及其他力学性能。     

NR原位改性炭黑对NR胶料性能的影响

分别采用高温转矩流变仪和常温两辊开炼机制备NR原位改性炭黑(GCB)和NR/炭黑共混物(KCB),并制备GCB/NR和KCB/NR硫化胶,对其性能进行研究.结果表明,与KCB相比,GCB的耐热性能提高,结合橡胶质量分数增大;当炭黑用量相同时,与KCB/NR硫化胶相比,GCB/NR硫化胶的交联密度、定伸应力、压缩永久变形和储能模量较大,拉伸强度和回弹值较小;当炭黑用量小于60份时,GCB/NR硫化胶耐疲劳性能优于KCB/NR硫化胶.     

弓弦大麻纤维补强填料在天然橡胶中的应用研究

研究了填充弓弦大麻纤维（BHF）填料和炭黑的天然橡胶（NR）胶料的硫化特性和物理性能。结果表明,随着填料用量增大,硫化胶的焦烧时间和硫化时间缩短,而最大转矩增大;硫化胶的拉断伸长率和回弹值降低,而硬度、定伸应力、耐磨性能及密度提高。当填料用量为40份时,两种硫化胶的拉伸强度达到最大值。填充炭黑的NR硫化胶的拉伸强度约为填充BHF填料硫化胶的1.5倍,这可能是由BHF填料较高的水分含量和较大的粒径所致,但是填充BHF填料的NR硫化胶具有更高的硬度。     

Fluorination of carbon black

The kinetics of the fluorination of carbon black and the properties of the graphite fluoride prepared are discussed in comparison with those of graphite and petroleum coke. An appreciable weight increase is observed in the fluorination of carbon black even at room temperature because of the large surface area. The increment is approximately proportional to the surface area except for the heat-treated carbon black, and more than twice that of adsorption corresponding to the monolayer of fluorine. An iodide ion is oxidized to iodine by the adsorbed fluorine in the products. The reactivity of carbon black with fluorine decreases with increasing the crystallinity, and the product prepared from the lower crystalline carbon black is less thermostable. The reaction kinetics of carbon black with fluorine is similar to that of graphite, but the diffusion controlled regions are not present in the former. The fluorine content of the graphite fluoride prepared increases with decreasing heat-treatment temperature and with increasing reaction temperature. The crystallinity of the product increases with increasing heat-treatment temperature and with increasing reaction temperature. The heat of immersion of the product inn-butyl alcohol is equal to that of polytetrafluoroethylene.     

Reactions of carbon black. Part I. Nonthixotropic carbon black compositions

The solution polymerization of butyl acrylate in the presence of a furnace black was found to produce a stable dispersion of carbon black which showed Newtonian flow, while the mixture prepared by mixing the same carbon black into a solution of poly(butyl acrylate) homopolymer had a large degree of thixotropy. A marked change in the viscosity of the reaction mixture was also observed at an early stage of polymerization when the initial mixture which was a moist mass with no fluidity, turned to a fluid easily stirred. The change in viscosity and the transition in flow behavior were carefully followed with a rotary cylinder type viscometer. The non-Newtonian initial mixture was found to turn to a Newtonian fluid at low conversion of the monomer. Beside the adsorption of the homopolymer onto the surface of carbon black particles, which would occur also in mechanical mixing, the change in the flow behavior was estimated to be caused by the change in the shape and the size of the dispersed carbon black particles due to the change in the condition of the surface of the particles by which growing polymer radicals, as well as initiator radicals, were captured.     

废轮胎热解炭黑与工业炭黑的粒径及化学组成

用激光粒度分析仪测定了废轮胎热解炭黑的粒径分布,用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射法及X-射线光电子能谱法分析了热解炭黑和工业炭黑的形态、表面化学组成以及表面碳元素的结合状况。结果表明,热解炭黑的粒径分布是添加在轮胎中各种型号工业炭黑粒径分布的叠加。热解炭黑表面形态和组成接近于工业炭黑N660;热解炭黑的表面附着更多的有机物以及ZnO、ZnS等无机物,且随着热解温度的升高,附着的有机物含量减小,无机物中ZnO含量减小,ZnS含量增多。     

Effect of carbon black structure on the effectiveness of carbon black thermal interface pastes

Thermal pastes are needed for improving thermal contacts. The structure of carbon black, as described by the DBP value, governs the effectiveness of the black as a thermally conductive solid component in a thermal paste, as shown for pastes with a polyol ester vehicle. Carbon black with a lower DBP value (i.e., a lower structure) is more effective, as shown by a higher value of the thermal contact conductance measured across copper surfaces of roughness 15 μm. This is because a carbon black with a lower structure gives a smaller bond-line thickness, which is preferably less than 3 μm. In addition, this is because a lower structure gives a lower viscosity for the paste, thereby promoting conformability. The carbon black volume fraction has an optimum value for attaining maximum thermal conductance. A lower structure results in a higher value of the optimum carbon black volume fraction, due to the viscosity effect. For the same type of carbon black, this optimum is higher when the paste is tested between rougher surfaces. By using Tokaiblack #3800 carbon black (with DBP value 60 ml/g and optimum carbon black content 15 vol.%), a thermal paste that is more effective than the previously reported paste with Vulcan XC72 carbon black (with DBP value 188 ml/g and optimum carbon black content 2.4 vol.%) has been attained.     

Surface modification of carbon black to facilitate suspension polymerization of styrene and carbon black

To carry out suspension polymerization of styrene in the presence of carbon black, an effective method was introduced to modify carbon black using nitric acid for oxygen treatment. The surface modification of carbon black with oxidation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which demonstrated that the chemical structure of carbon black has clearly changed. Compared with pristine carbon black (CB), SEM illustrates that the aggregation phenomenon of modified carbon black (MCB) was clearly weakened. After modification, the aggregation and inhibition effects of MCB on the polymerization of polystyrene/modified CB (PS/MCB) composite particles are obviously weakened. The lipophilicity of CB after modification was also increased during the synthesis of PS/MCB. The oxidized CB was successfully dispersed by polystyrene using in situ suspension polymerization. The dispersion and dosage of MCB in PS/MCB composite particles was greatly improved over that of CB in PS/CB composite particles. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46387.     

橡胶用炭黑及特种炭黑主要性能对比

宁波德泰化学有限公司是一家专业生产炭黑的中外合资企业。公司依托中石化华东分公司的乙烯焦油和宁钢的煤焦油等资源优势,在消化吸收国内外先进炭黑生产技术的基础上,开发国内最先进的大型五段反应器生产技术,进口了许多关键生产设备和检测设施,并在原料油预处理、DCS微机控制技术、高温空气预热器、显热回收、高效脉冲袋滤、湿法造粒、炭黑精制处理、尾气综合利用、     

炭黑/白炭黑双相填料补强BIIR/PP热塑性弹性体的性能研究

通过动态硫化工艺制备了溴化丁基橡胶（BIIR）/聚丙烯（PP）热塑性弹性体,研究了加工时间、填料、硫化剂对弹性体力学性能的影响。结果表明,动态硫化制备热塑性弹性体的时间约为13 min;使用炭黑N330/白炭黑双相填料的热塑性弹性体具有较好的力学性能;在氧化锌、硫磺、溴化辛基酚醛树脂及硫磺/溴化辛基酚醛树脂并用硫化体系中,溴化辛基酚醛树脂硫化的热塑性弹性体力学性能最佳。     

Mechanism growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on carbon black

The growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on carbon black has been studied using a combustion oxygen/acetylene flame method. Different types of carbon black and reaction temperatures were evaluated for the growth of carbon nanotubes. The reaction was stopped after different short duration times of deposition in an attempt to observe the growth of carbon nanotubes. The samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and by Raman Spectroscopy. We have observed the transformation of the carbon black surface into graphitic sheets and the start formation of tubes from these graphitic sheets. The length of the tubes is increased but the diameter is decreased with increased deposition times. Carbon nanotubes with 10–20 nm of diameter and a length of about 50 µm are obtained after 1 min deposition. The growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on carbon black is a phenomenon that can not be fully explained by carbon nanotubes growth models currently known. Our results lead us to propose a mechanism for the solid-state transformation of the carbon black particles surface into nanotubes in the oxygen/acetylene flame.