水热法合成的LaVO_4/WO_3复合纳米片的可见光光催化还原工业废水中Cr(Ⅵ)效果分析

针对工业废水中Cr(Ⅵ)毒性大,迁移性强的问题,采用水热法制备了不同复合比例的LaVO_4/WO_3复合纳米片光催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、XPS和DRS测试手段进行了表征。结果表明:LaVO_4能进入WO_3晶格之中,使其产生晶格缺陷;晶格缺陷可作为活性位点,促进光生载流子的分离,提高WO_3的光催化活性。可见光下光催化还原工业废水中Cr(Ⅵ)测试表明:LaVO_4/WO_3复合纳米片的光催化还原效率比WO_3更高,当LaVO_4以质量比为3%负载WO_3时,复合纳米片光催化还原性最高,可达92%,是纯WO_3还原效率的8.3倍。分析结果表明,LaVO_4能使WO_3的氧空位得到扩散,提高界面光生电子的迁移速率,促进光生电子还原Cr(Ⅵ),提高复合纳米片的光催化还原性能。本研究为重金属工业废水,特别是难降解重金属污染物高效治理技术的研发提供了理论参考。     

WO3/TiO2光催化剂的制备及光催化产氢性能研究

针对催化剂TiO_2禁带宽度较宽、光响应范围较窄的问题,对TiO_2进行改性,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了不同复合比例的WO_3/TiO_2催化剂以提高TiO_2的光催化活性。应用SEM,BET,XRD,UV-Vis,FT-IR等方法对催化剂进行表征,分析了不同复合比对WO_3/TiO_2样品形貌、晶型、比表面积和产氢速率的影响。当入射波长为300~600 nm,2%WO_3/TiO_2的吸光度大于TiO_2的吸光度,吸收带边红移。通过300 W氙灯照射进行光解水制氢的测试,评价了不同WO_3/TiO_2样品的光催化分解水产氢活性。结果表明:复合比为2%时,WO_3/TiO_2的光解水产氢活性最佳,最高可达14 445.3μmol/(h·g),其产氢速率是TiO_2的10倍,同时探讨分析了光催化反应机理。这将在太阳能光解水产氢领域有着广泛的应用前景。     

复合磁性纳米材料可见光催化降解染料废水性能研究

采用水热法,沉淀法和光致还原联合的方法制备Ag/AgCl/Fe_3O_4磁性纳米复合光催化材料,以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-vis)等手段对催化剂的晶型结构、元素组成、形貌和光吸收特性等性能进行表征和分析。并且选择亚甲基蓝(MB)作为降解对象考察了Ag/AgCl/Fe_3O_4的可见光催化活性。实验结果表明:与纯AgCl和Fe_3O_4相比,Ag/AgCl/Fe_3O_4表现出优异的可见光光催化性能,主要是由于Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子共振效应,提高可见光吸收性能的同时,可有效抑制光生电子空穴对的复合,从而提高其光催化活性。当催化剂经5次循环使用后,MB的降解率从100%逐渐降到90%。催化剂的活性略微降低,Ag/AgCl/Fe_3O_4具有较好的循环使用稳定性。     

Vis/LaFeO3/PDS复合高级氧化体系降解亚甲基蓝的机制

采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备对可见光(Vis)有良好响应性的LaFeO₃晶体,将其与过二硫酸盐(PDS)结合,构建Vis/LaFeO₃/PDS复合高级氧化体系,用以降解亚甲基蓝(MB)。结果表明:在PDS浓度为0.5 mmol/L、LaFeO₃投加量为0.5 g/L时,Vis/LaFeO₃/PDS体系30 min对质量浓度为30 mg/L的MB的去除率可达92.4%;复合体系对pH值有较强的适应性,Vis、LaFeO₃、PDS三者复合,通过提高光生电子-空穴对的分离效率,促进Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)的氧化还原循环和氧空位向活性氧自由基的转化,提高了空穴(h⁺)、SO^-₄·、单线态氧(¹O₂)等活性物质的产生效率和氧化活性能力的发挥。Vis/LaFeO₃/PDS体系是光催化和过硫酸盐高级氧化技术的高效结合,其协同效应在废水中难降解有机物的治理方面具有较好的应用前景。     

多种原位掺杂TiO2用于水体有机物降解的研究

以纯钛和两种钛合金(Ti-0.2Pd和Ti-6Al-4V)为基材,通过阳极氧化法制备了3种不同组分的钛基氧化物纳米管阵列。采用XRD、EDS、ICP等测试手段分析3种纳米管阵列的组装过程和性能。EDS测试表明,Al和V以氧化物形式存在,其浓度与初始基材基本一致。ICP测试确定了Pd的存在及其浓度。3种纳米管阵列的光催化性能通过光催化降解硝基苯酚来测定。Al和V掺杂抑制了TiO₂纳米管阵列的光催化降解有机物性能,而Pd掺杂显著提高了纳米管阵列的光催化降解有机物性能。Pd掺杂不但可以增强光吸收性能,还能促进光生载流子的分离,而Al和V过量掺杂会引起结构缺陷并构成复合中心,导致光生载流子难以分离。Pd掺杂的TiO₂纳米管阵列具有优良的循环性能。研究结果表明直接阳极氧化Ti-0.2Pd合金能制备出功能高效、适于水体有机物降解的光催化材料。     

F/Ce掺杂Bi2WO6可见光光催化氧化甲基橙

针对新型光催化剂Bi2WO6在可见光条件下光生电子-空穴分离效率低的问题,本文采用液固相水热反应的方法制备了F/Ce掺杂改性的Bi2WO6光催化剂。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外-可见漫反射(UV-vis DRS)等分析表明,F/Ce掺杂Bi2WO6光催化剂具有明显的层状结构,可有效降低电子-空穴的复合率,且改性后的Bi2WO6吸收波长发生红移。光催化氧化处理甲基橙降解实验结果表明:F和Ce共掺杂下Bi2WO6在可见光下具有最高的光催化活性,主要活性物质为羟基自由基(·OH),甲基橙的降解率在50 min后可以达到97%,催化活性比纯Bi2WO6提高了近2倍。本研究为研发水环境中高浓度有机废水,特别是难降解有机污染物的高效治理技术提供了基础数据。     

TiO2/石墨烯复合光催化剂的制备及其吸附与光催化降解性能

近年来,利用石墨烯独特的电学性质及高比表面积对一些材料进行修饰,制备性能更好的复合新材料成为材料学研究热点.本研究利用氧化还原法制备石墨烯,并进一步采用水热法制备TiO2/石墨烯(GN)纳米复合光催化剂.采用TEM,XRD,BET,UV-Vis DRS等对所制备的纳米复合材料进行表征.实验研究表明:随着石墨烯含量的增加,制备的复合材料光响应区域扩大,比表面积增加.研究证明TiO2/石墨烯对亚甲基蓝(MB)有更好的吸附及光催化降解效果.经计算,在室温下,pH =8时,P25-10％ GN对MB的饱和吸附量为50 mg/g.     

纳米TiO2光催化剂可见光响应的改性研究

综述纳米TiO2光催化剂对可见光响应的改性研究,介绍复合半导体、染料光敏化及非金属掺杂改性的方法,可以将只能由UV光激发的TiO2光催化反应红移到可见光区域进行。文中最后提出了金属与非金属复合掺杂改性TiO2是今后的一个重要研究方向,并存在巨大的研究空间。     

纳米TiO2光催化技术在工业废水处理中的应用

介绍纳米TiO2的光催化特性,概述纳米TiO2光催化技术在降解印染废水、农药废水、造纸废水、表面活性剂废水以及含苯酚类、石油类和重金属污染物废水处理中的应用研究进展,总结了纳米TiO2应用于废水工业化处理所存在的问题,认为该技术研究领域近期内的主要发展方向为:大力开展纳米TiO2的改性技术、固定化技术和纳米TiO2光催化降解实际工业有机废水的试验研究及其高效、多功能、集成式光催化反应器的研制。     

纳米TiO2光催化在废水治理中的研究与应用

介绍了纳米TiO2的光催化机理,讨论了其在废水处理中的不足之处以及近年来的改进手段。概述了光催化技术在处理含油废水、含药废水、印染废水、造纸废水、表面活性剂废水、重金属污染物废水等方面的最新应用研究进展,指出了其在废水处理中还存在阳光效率低、回收再利用困难、降解效率有限等问题及今后的研究趋势。     

磁性Fe_3O_4/碳纳米管复合材料光催化处理刚果红染料废水

采用共沉淀法制备了一种磁性Fe3O4/CNTs(碳纳米管复合物),采用XRD、SEM、VSM等对Fe3O4/CNTs复合材料的晶相、颗粒大小和磁性能进行了表征。以刚果红染料废水处理为例,研究了不同处理工艺、催化剂投加量、溶液p H、催化剂重复使用等因素对Fe3O4/CNTs材料光催化脱色刚果红染料废水效果的影响。结果表明,当刚果红染料起始质量浓度为10 mg/L,用量为0.2 g/L,3%的H2O20.2 m L,光照50 min后,Fe3O4/CNTs对刚果红溶液的脱色率达到97.0%。催化剂重复使用第4次,对刚果红染料的脱色率仍可达87%以上。此外,Fe3O4纳米粒子的存在使Fe3O4/CNTs材料具有较强的磁性,且可通过外加磁场将其从处理后的水体中快速分离回收。     

生物炭/铁酸锰对Zn^2+和Cu^2+的吸附性能试验

为探求吸附效果好、回收方便的吸附剂以解决重金属污染废水的处理难题,以玉米秸秆和铁酸锰为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法以蛋清为络合剂经热解制备了一种生物炭/铁酸锰(BC/FM)复合材料,在对该复合材料扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和磁滞回线分析的基础上,进行了去除废水中Zn^2+、Cu^2+的吸附试验。结果表明,铁酸锰可有效地负载到生物炭上,形成官能团丰富、磁性良好的复合材料;BC/FM对Zn^2+、Cu^2+的吸附最佳pH值分别为5和6,并均在90 min达到吸附平衡,准二级模型能更好地描述BC/FM对Zn^2+、Cu^2+吸附过程;Langmuir模型拟合曲线和Freundlich模型拟合曲线分别适用于描述BC/FM对Zn^2+、Cu^2+的等温吸附过程,且均为自发吸热反应;BC/FM对Zn^2+、Cu^2+吸附机制主要为络合反应。     

Preparation and characterization of Fe_2O_3/Bi_2WO_6 composite and photocatalytic degradation mechanism of microcystin-LR

The long-standing popularity of semiconductor photocatalysis,due to its great potential in a variety of applications,has resulted in the creation of numerous semiconductor photocatalysts,and it stimulated the development of various characterization methods.In this study,Fe_2O_3/Bi_2WO_6 composite with a flower-like microsphere and hierarchical structure was synthesized with the facile hydrothermal-impregnation method without any surfactants.X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the structures of the samples.The specific surface area was estimated with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) method,and pore size distribution was determined using the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)method.The synthesized Fe_2O_3/Bi_2WO_6 composite had an average diameter of approximately 4 nm,with smaller specific surface area and larger pore diameter than those of pristine Bi_2WO_6.The results of XRD and SEM analyses confirmed that the composite was composed of Fe_2O_3 and Bi_2WO_6.The absorption edge of Bi_2WO_6 was at a wavelength of 460 nm.By contrast,the absorption edge of Fe_2O_3/Bi_2WO_6 to visible light was redshifted to 520 nm,with narrower bandgap width and stronger visible light response.It was also found that the main active substances in the degradation of microcystin-LR(MC-LR) were hydroxyl radicals(·OH) and electron holes(h~+).Consequently,the results further showed that the heterojunction between Fe_2O_3 and Bi_2WO_6 can improve the charge transfer rate and effectively separate the photoinduced electrons and holes.Compared with Bi_2WO_6,Fe_2O_3/Bi_2WO_6 had no significant difference in the adsorption capacity of MC-LR and had more efficient photocatalytic degradation activity of MC-LR.The degradation rates of MC-LR by Fe_2O_3/Bi_2WO_6 and Bi_2WO_6 reached 80% and 56%,respectively.The degradation efficiency of MC-LR was affected by the initial pH value,initial Fe_2O_3/Bi_2WO_6 concentration,and initial MC-LR concentration.     

W-S-TiO2/SBA-15复合材料的表征及其可见光降解性能

利用介孔分子筛SBA-15的良好负载性和孔道均匀性,以钛酸四丁酯、硫代硫酸钠、钨酸钠分别作为钛、硫、钨源,水热合成了W-S-TiO2/SBA-15材料。对材料进行XRD、BET、SEM、XPS、UV-Vis分析。结果显示TiO2的负载并没有破坏SBA-15的介孔结构,UV-Vis分析发现掺杂W、S后,合成材料对光的响应拓展到可见光区,XPS分析证实了硫以阳离子S6+进入TiO2晶格,而W以同晶取代方式占据晶格中Ti的位置。光催化实验考察了材料5h内对20mg/L亚甲基蓝的去除效果,结果显示可见光下W-S-TiO2/SBA-15光催化效率分别是未掺杂样品和市售DegussaP25光催化剂的3.7和7.2倍,具备良好的可见光催化能力。     

Efficient removal of Cr(VI) by tannic acid-modified FeS nanoparticles: Performance and mechanisms

Ferrous sulfide (FeS) nanoparticles constitute an effective hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) treatment reagent. However, FeS nanoparticles aggregate easily, significantly limiting their engineering applicability. To overcome this shortcoming and further improve Cr(VI) removal efficiency, this study used tannic acid (TA) to modify FeS nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that TA-modified FeS nanoparticles, TA-nano-FeS, had a significantly reduced tendency to agglomerate, and maintained particle diameters of 10–100 nm, which were much shorter than diameters of FeS nanoparticles. In addition, TA-nano-FeS could combine the surface-active functional groups of TA. The maximum removal capacity of TA-nano-FeS was 381.04 mg/g, which was 2.92 and 1.83 times higher than those of TA and nano-FeS, respectively. Furthermore, the acidic condition was more beneficial for Cr(VI) removal, and the coexisting cations (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) slightly decreased the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). Adsorption, reduction, and co-precipitation were the removal mechanisms, and the reaction products included FeCr₂O₄, Cr₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, Cr(OH)₃, and S₈. The results provided valuable information for the practical application of TA-nano-FeS in Cr(VI) removal.     

Photodegradation of reactive blue 19 dye using magnetic nanophotocatalyst α-Fe_2O_3/WO_3:A comparison study of α-Fe_2O_3/WO_3 and WO_3/NaOH

The photocatalytic degradation of reactive blue 19(RB19) dye was investigated in a slurry system using ultraviolet(UV) and light-emitting diode(LED) lamps as light sources and using magnetic tungsten trioxide nanophotocatalysts(α-Fe_2O_3/WO_3 and WO_3/NaOH) as photocatalysts.The effects of different parameters including irradiation time,initial concentration of RB19,nanophotocatalyst dosage,and pH were examined.The magnetic nanophotocatalysts were also characterized with different methods including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),photoluminescence(PL),differential reflectance spectroscopy(DRS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM).The XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of tungsten trioxide on the iron oxide nanoparticles.The VSM analysis confirmed the magnetic ability of the new synthesized nanophotocatalyst Ω-Fe_2O_3/WO_3 with 39.6 emu/g of saturation magnetization.The reactor performance showed considerable improvement in the α-Fe_2O_3-modified nanophotocatalyst.The impact of visible light was specifically investigated,and it was compared with UV-C light under the same experimental conditions.The reusability of the magnetic nanophotocatalyst α-Fe_2O_3/WO_3 was tested during six cycles,and the magnetic materials showed an excellent removal efficiency after six cycles,with just a 7% decline.     

Removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater by Fe0-nanoparticles-chitosan composite beads: characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics

Fe0-nanoparticles-chitosan composite beads (CS-NZVI beads) were prepared and used to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from wastewater. Characterization with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that with the increase of the concentration of CS from 5.0 to 20.0 g/L and NaOH from 0.5 to 2.0 mol/L, the average aperture size of the CS-NZVI beads decreased from 26.8 to 10.6 μm and 42.6 to 0.8 μm, respectively. Batch experiments revealed that the removal of Cr (VI) using CS-NZVI beads was consistent with pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. The rate constant increased with increasing NZVI dosage but decreased with the increase in pH values. The Freundlich isotherm described the adsorption process better, suggesting that the CS-NZVI beads were heterogeneous in the surface properties. At equilibrium qmax was 35.97 mg/g. The thermodynamics study suggested that Cr (VI) removal by CS-NZVI beads was an endothermic and spontaneous process, reflecting good affinity of the sorbent for Cr (VI) ions and increasing randomness at the solid-solution interface during the adsorption process. This result will be very useful to understand the effects of NZVI on heavy metal Cr (VI) removal from wastewater in the successful application.     

FeS矿活化H2O2降解水中对氯苯胺的实验研究

以对氯苯胺(PCA)为目标污染物,研究了常温下Fe S矿活化H2O2非均相类Fenton体系对难降解有机物的去除效果。分析了初始p H值、催化剂和H2O2投加量等重要因素对PCA降解率的影响。当PCA浓度为0.2×10-3mol/L,溶液初始p H值为3.0,H2O2投加量为3.2×10-3mol/L,Fe S矿用量为0.4 g/L,反应20 min时,PCA去除率可达100%,且反应进行到40 min后,已达到完全脱氯效果。在此基础上,通过对Cl-、SO42-、Fe3+等中间产物离子和总有机碳(TOC)变化规律的测定,探讨了有机物降解机理。研究结果表明:Fe S矿对催化H2O2氧化具有很强的催化活性,能提高H2O2的利用效率,相比于单一含铁矿物具有更好的催化性能,并且催化剂易于沉淀分离,回收利用。