乳山湾海水,底质及贝类体内砷的研究

通过１９９５年６－９月对乳山湾的综合调查，初步摸清了乳山湾海水，底质及贝类体内砷的分布。该水域内砷的浓度范围为０．７２－６．８０μｇ／Ｌ，其平均值为１．９４μｇ／Ｌ；底质中砷的含量范围为５．０－９．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ，平均值为７．７７ｍｇ／ｋｇ；     

乳山湾东流区夏季浮游植物的生态特征

阐述了乳山湾东流区浮游植物的生物量、种类组成等生物学特征，6～9月间浮游植物的生物量变化范围为18．23×104～3172×104cell／m3，其数量呈逐渐上升的趋势，数量高峰出现在9月中旬。种类组成主要是广温、广盐的沿岸种类。经鉴定，乳山湾东流区浮游植物共有22属，41种。其中赤潮生物14种，主要有丹麦细柱藻、翼根管藻纤细变型、尖刺菱形藻等。丹麦细柱藻、翼根管藻纤细变型为该海域的主要优势种。     

乳山湾东流区海水营养盐消长与盐度的关系

利用数理统计的方法，对乳山湾东流区６－９月间的水化学，水文和生物观测数据进行处理，结果表明６－９月间硝酸盐与盐度有着极显著的负相关关系，６月和９月亚硝酸盐和氮氨与盐度呈显著性相关，而７月和８月养殖高峰期间呈弱相关关系。     

乳山湾东流区水文环境及其变化特征

根据１９９５年６－９月进行的乳山湾生态环境调查资料和国家海洋局乳山口海洋站１９６０－１９９４年水文气象观测资料，对乳山湾东流区水文环境及其变化特征进行了研究。结果表明，乳山湾东流区夏季水温由湾口向湾顶递增，盐度由湾口向湾顶递减。     

乳山湾6—9月叶绿素a含量的分布及初级生产力的估算

根据1995年6～9月对乳山湾东流区进行的6次综合调查结果，着重阐述了乳山湾东流区叶绿素a含量的分布特．点及其与海洋环境因子的关系，并对初级生产力进行了估算。结果表明，乳山湾东流区对绿素a含量6～9月份平均值为11．16mg／m3，最高值出现在9月中旬，高达45．26mp／m3；估算初级生产力的平均值为432m星C／m2·d；在影响叶绿素a含量分布与变化的环境因子中，与浮游植物细胞数量、温度、径流和营养盐等关系密切；乳山湾东流区叶绿素a含量和初级生产力处于较高的水平。     

粤东柘林湾浮游植物群落组成及水体营养盐分布特征

2003年4月对粤东柘林湾进行的浮游植物及营养盐调查结果表明,柘林湾海域采集浮游植物59种、属,其中硅藻为优势类群,中肋骨条藻、丹麦细柱藻和窄隙角毛藻为海区优势种。浮游植物数量分布呈湾外向湾内递减趋势。调查海域柘林湾的SiO2 3表现为保守性行为,其分布主要是受物理因素的影响;PO3 4的行为是非保守性的,受浮游生物的影响较大;DIN的含量较高,超过国家三类海水的水质标准。如以Justic和Dortch等提出的营养盐限制因子标准来衡量,柘林湾海域浮游植物生长主要是受控于磷因子的限制。     

黄海北部沿岸水域营养水平及有机污染状况分析

主要根据１９９７的６月和８月对黄海北部沿岸对虾增殖放流调查,从营养水平和有机污染的角度,分析了黄海北部沿岸水域营养水平及有机污染状况。结果表明,营养盐含量具有明显的季节变化,并呈沿岸河口水域高于其他水域分布趋势。６月的营养盐含量水平接海水一类标准,富营养化程度和有机污染不明显,基本属正常水平。而８月的营养盐含量大部分测站均有不同程度地超过海水一,二类标准值,由计算的富营养化判断值,和有机污染指数,     

国家海洋局发布今年海洋灾害预测

一、风暴潮。预计２００１年我国沿海地区发生风暴潮次数与２０００年持平。其中６～１０月将发生３～４次灾害性风暴潮，主要影响广东、福建、浙江沿海，其次为上海、海南、广西等地。其中，６～１０月灾害性风暴潮影响广东省２～３次，海南省、广西壮族自治区各１次；７～９月影响福建省２～３次，浙江省２次，上海市１～２次，江苏省、山东省、河北省、天津市、辽宁省各１次。春、秋两季，渤海湾、莱州湾沿岸将出现１次左右灾害性温带风暴潮。 二、赤潮。预计２００１年我国赤潮灾害发生情况与２０００年大致相同，发生次数约为３０次。…     

东海大桥海上风电场周边渔业水域浮游植物群落变化

为研究东海大桥海上风电场周边水域浮游植物的群落结构特征以及风电场建设工程所引起的周边水域浮游植物群落结构的变化,于2012年6月、9月以及2013年6月对该水域的浮游植物进行了采样调查。调查结果:共鉴定出浮游植物5门40属61种,浮游植物类群以硅藻为主,主要优势种为骨条藻(Skeletonema spp.)。受浮游植物增殖周期、采样时间以及降雨、沿岸海洋环流等影响,浮游植物群落结构特征存在年际差异。风电场工程建设对调查水域浮游植物的影响是短期的、可逆的,表现为工程期间浮游植物物种数和细胞丰度呈下降趋势,随着作业期结束,浮游植物群落逐渐恢复。     

烟台四十里湾叶绿素a和初级生产力的分布特征

2006～2010年5、8、10月,分别对烟台四十里湾近岸水域进行了30航次的综合调查,调查内容包括海水水质、浮游植物、叶绿素以及水文气象等要素。四十里湾近岸水域表层叶绿素a和初级生产力的季节与年际变化结果显示,浮游植物数量、叶绿素a含量和初级生产力一般在8月出现高值;仅2008年浮游植物数量最高值出现在10月,2009年叶绿素a含量和初级生产力最高值出现在5月。2008年10月浮游植物数量平均值为所有航次中最高,达到51.61×104cells/L,且各站位间差别显著(P<0.01);2007年10月最低,仅为0.02×104cells/L。2006～2009年,表层叶绿素a含量和初级生产力均值呈逐年增加趋势,2009年分别达到8.72μg/L和1481.42mg/m3·d;2010年(叶绿素a:6.13μg/L;初级生产力:733.91mg/m3·d)又降至与2008年相当。近5年,四十里湾浮游植物数量、叶绿素a含量和初级生产力均呈现湾东部高于西部的趋势,初级生产力与表层叶绿素a含量呈强正相关关系(R=0.921,P<0.01),并得出二者的回归方程式,这为海洋初级生产力的估算与评价提供了一种更简便的方法。     

微卫星技术对黄、渤海海域7个不同地理群体中国对虾的遗传结构和遗传分化研究

采用微卫星DNA技术对黄、渤海海域7个不同地理群体的中国对虾进行了遗传结构和遗传分化研究.7个地理群体分别来自辽东湾(LD)、渤海湾(BH)、海州湾 (HZ)、乳山湾 (RS)、海洋岛 (HYD)、朝鲜半岛西海岸(KW)以及朝鲜半岛南海岸(KS).7对多态性良好的微卫星引物共检测到109个等位基因,群体平均期望杂合度(He)范围为0.810～0.864.49个群体位点中,只有15个符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡.UPGMA聚类分析显示,各地理群体亲缘关系与地理位置关系密切.根据各地理群体间遗传距离及AMOVA遗传分化检验结果,可将中国对虾分为3个独立种群,分别为中国沿岸黄、渤海群体、朝鲜半岛西海岸群体及朝鲜半岛南海群体;其中中国沿岸黄、渤海群体内部也发生了一定程度的遗传分化,但是否达到种群水平还有待于进一步验证.     

崂山湾人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系

为研究崂山湾人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系,于2011年3、6、9、12月对崂山湾3个人工鱼礁区(峰山区、仰口区、港东区)进行取样调查。4次采样共鉴定浮游植物69种,其中3、9、12月优势种都为甲藻门中的中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum),并且9月鱼礁区浮游植物密度远大于其他月份浮游植物密度。应用Canoco for Windows 4.5软件对获得的浮游植物数据和环境因子数据进行典范对应分析(Canonical correspondence analysis),作出物种与环境因子关系的二维排序图。结果表明,影响礁区浮游植物分布的主要环境因子依次为磷酸盐、温度、硅酸盐。     

胶州湾浮动弯角藻赤潮生消动态过程及其成因分析

分析了1999年6月8日-15日胶州湾东北养殖消耗域浮动弯角藻赤潮生消动态过程中各环境因子的变化及赤潮成因，结果表明，该海域无机营养盐含量较高，为赤潮的发生提供了必需的营养物质；赤潮发生前天气闷热无雨，有利于浮动弯角藻的快速生长繁殖；赤潮形成至发展期该海域盛行南风，浮动弯角藻的物理性聚集对赤潮迅速形成有重要影响；赤潮维持阶段天气稳定，赤潮持续时间较长；最终无机磷、活性硅酸盐的耗尽使赤潮逐步走向消亡。     

乳山湾东流区丰水期（8月）有机物及营养盐的环境容量

应用水质预测模型,分别采用海水一类水质标准和富营养化范围值的下限值作为相应要素的预测浓度,并根据１９９４年８月乳山湾东流区湾内外现场浓度,对其单位潮周期的化学耗氧量,无机氮和无机磷的环境容量进行了预测。根据预测结果,结合匡国瑞（１９８５）同期乳山湾东流区相应要素的环境容量的预测结果进行了比较分析。     

Seasonal changes in oocyte size and maturity of the giant jellyfish, Nemopilema nomurai

To determine the reproductive season of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai, we investigated gonadal maturity in specimens collected from the East China Sea, Korea Strait, Wakasa Bay, and the Shonai Coast of Yamagata Prefecture. After the sex of the samples was determined, the long axis of at least 256 oocytes from each female was measured. In specimens collected from the coast of Japan in 2005 and in 2006, all gonads were sufficiently developed to determine sex. However, 18 of the 20 specimens from the East China Sea collected in July 2005 were immature, and sex could not be determined. The maximum and third quartile of oocyte length had a significant correlation with days elapsed from 30 June, but they were not related to bell diameter. Observations of gonad tissue sections of specimens collected in Wakasa Bay in 2006 confirmed that oocyte length was a good proxy for female maturity. Male maturity could also be determined. In conclusion, the sex of all of the small-sized medusae collected along the coast of Japan was determinable, and their gonads were at various stages of development up to fully mature. Therefore, the occurrence of small-sized jellyfish during the autumn in Wakasa Bay is not caused by recruitment of young population from the nearby coast.     

The reproductive biology of the baby clam, Marcia opima, from two geographically separated areas of India

A study of the reproductive cycle of the baby clam, Marcia opima (Gmelin) was conducted at two sites along the southeast (Tuticorin Bay) and southwest (Ashtamudi estuary) coast of India from December 1998 to January 2000. Histological evidence showed that baby clam from both the sites showed two spawning seasons. First spawning season was recorded from May to July in the southeast coast. In the southwest coast, the first spawning season was observed through March to May. A second spawning season from September to December was recorded in both the coasts. In the southeast coast, minimum and maximum condition indices were obtained in January 2000 and April 1999 respectively and decreased from May to June and November to January, signifying the two spawning periods. Most of the animals were either in spent or indeterminate gonadal stage from May to August and November to January indicating the active spawning during that months in the southeast coast.     

乳山湾表层沉积物质量现状及其评价

对乳山湾东流区表层沉积物的综合调查分析表明,乳山湾东流区为弱还原环境。总氮、总磷局部超标,且其含量与有机质、硫化物的变化特征相似,有明显的区域分布,在东部湾顶虾池排放口附近含量相对较高,说明养殖排放污水对其沉积环境质量有一定的影响。沉积物中的重金属以Cd的污染指数最大,平均值为32．54,其他重金属指标的污染指数较低,均小于1．0,说明乳山湾沉积物中存在Cd的潜在污染危险。     

Mechanistic links between climate and fisheries along the east coast of the United States: explaining population outbursts of Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus)

Climate has been linked to variation in marine fish abundance and distribution, but often the mechanistic processes are unknown. Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) is a common species in estuarine and coastal areas of the mid‐Atlantic and southeast coasts of the U.S. Previous studies have identified a correlation between Atlantic croaker abundance and winter temperatures in Chesapeake Bay, and have determined thermal tolerances of juveniles. Here we re‐examine the hypothesis that winter temperature variability controls Atlantic croaker population dynamics. Abundance indices were analyzed at four life history stages from three regions along the east coast of the U.S. Correlations suggest that year‐class strength is decoupled from larval supply and is determined by temperature‐linked, overwinter survival of juveniles. Using a relation between air and water temperatures, estuarine water temperature was estimated from 1930 to 2002. Periods of high adult catch corresponded with warm winter water temperatures. Prior studies indicate that winter temperature along the east coast is related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO); variability in catch is also correlated with the NAO, thereby demonstrating a link between Atlantic croaker dynamics, thermal limited overwinter survival, and the larger climate system of the North Atlantic. We hypothesize that the environment drives the large‐scale variability in Atlantic croaker abundance and distribution, but fishing and habitat loss decrease the resiliency of the population to periods of poor environmental conditions and subsequent weak year classes.