管道泄漏检测的水力瞬变全频域数学模型

输水管道泄漏孔的存在及其位置直接影响着系统压力波形的畸变和衰减特性,通过分析有、无泄漏时任意位置处的压头频域特性可使泄漏检测成为可能.在考虑非恒定摩阻影响的基础上,提出基于水力瞬变全频域数学模型的泄漏检测反问题分析方法.用拉氏频域变换处理边界条件和实测数据,并将遗传算法用于频域反问题模型的求解,在寻优速度上比传统的瞬变时域分析的方法有了较大的改善.算例表明基于水力瞬变全频域数学模型分析的管道泄漏检测是一种有效的新方法.     

泄漏检测信号滤波技术比较

通过泄漏检测模型试验分析测量信号中的噪声来源,在对比研究传统小波去噪、改进神经网络去噪、最小二乘拟合去噪等方法在实测数据中去噪效果的基础上,借鉴神经网络反向传播学习算法的思路,提出了信号预滤波结合阈值自学习小波去噪的综合滤波方法。该方法通过对恒定状态下带噪压力信号阈值自学习使得重构信号与期望输出均方误差最小来获得单一工况下的最佳去噪阈值,再将此阈值用于同一工况下整个时间段的去噪,这样根据不同工况下得到的最佳阈值可以获得最优输出。数值计算结果比较表明该方法对噪声的抑制作用明显,比传统小波去噪、改进神经网络去噪等方法效果更好。     

供水管网泄漏检测定位方法及仪器

本文研究了城市供水管道泄漏形成多相湍射流引发应力波在管壁中传播机理，分析了泄漏引发的管道横振、纵振和园环振动，提出了一系列和波特征提取指标及其离散数据算法、研究了以泄漏信号应力波时和频域特征指标构造神经网络输入和矩阵，建立了能对管道运行状况进行分类的神经网络模型，以检测管道泄漏故障的发生。研究了抗干扰管网泄漏定位方法，分析了根据管网不同特征对定位公式进行修正以提高泄漏定位精度的方法，实验研究了这一     

电磁波CT技术在水库堤坝隐患探测中的应用

电磁波CT技术在水库堤坝隐患探测中得到成功应用，其工作方法有同步测量和定点测量两种方式。黄壁庄水库副坝Ⅳ标段Ⅳ073＋1槽在施工造孔过程中出现严重漏浆现象，造成该段坍塌。为3号塌坑作电磁波CT勘查工作，其目的和任务是：探测塌坑区域堤身的地质结构和塌坑范围内扰动异常分布，查明塌坑和漏浆原因。通过探测工作后效果明显，CT剖面图充分反映了坍塌范围并揭示了漏浆原因，为整固处理提供了技术上的保障。通过应用电磁波CT技术的效果证实该技术对于探测水库堤坝的隐患是一种有效的手段。     

动水压力波高阶双渐近时域平面透射边界Ⅱ:计算性能

为了准确模拟动水压力波在半无限水库中传播引起的辐射阻尼，本文基于比例边界有限单元法构造了高阶双渐近时域平面透射边界。首先将描述半无限水库的连续波动方程转化为半离散的比例边界有限单元方程描述，然后通过特征模态变换将以动力刚度矩阵形式表达的控制方程解耦，获得了模态动力刚度的连分式解答，再通过引入辅助变量将透射边界在频域的动力刚度表达等效为一个高阶矩阵方程，对其施加傅立叶逆变换后即得到时域透射边界条件。频域模态动力刚度的计算结果表明：该双渐近透射边界可以在全频范围内迅速的逼近准确解，表现出优良的收敛性能。     

REFLECTION OF OBLIQUE INCIDENT WAVES BY PERFORATED CAISSONS WITH TRAVERSE WALL

The interaction of oblique incident waves with infinite number of perforated caissons is investigated. The fluid domain is divided into infinite sub-domains by the caissons, and eigen-function expansion is applied to expand velocity potentials in each domain. A phase relation is introduced for wave oscillation in each caisson, and the structure geometry is considered in constructing the models of reflection waves. The reflected waves with the present analysis include all of the waves traveling in different directions when incident wave period is short. Numerical examinations show that velocities at the inner and outer sides of the front walls of caissons are close to each other, and reflection coefficients satisfy the energy conservation relation very well when porous effect parameter is infinite. Numerical results show that the reflection coefficients of oblique incident waves are smaller for shorter caissons at low frequency, and decrease with the increase of wave incident angle.     

混凝土主动围压SHPB试验波形数值分析

为探究主动围压SHPB(分离式霍普金森压杆)试验中反射波形与混凝土动态响应的关系,采用LS-DYNA软件,基于H-J-C本构模型,模拟了混凝土的主动围压SHPB试验,从波形特征的变化分析了围压对混凝土动态力学性质的影响。结果表明:围压条件下混凝土的破坏形式为压剪破坏,试件的平均损伤度随围压的增大而降低。试验中反射波具有“双峰”特性,且围压对第二峰值应力的影响较大,其值随着围压的增大而减小,表征了试件的变形破坏程度;而第一峰值应力几乎不受围压的影响,其主要与冲击波的幅值有关;反射波尾存在压缩波段,该段的峰值应力随着围压的增大逐渐增大,表征了围压下试件的完整性比较好,且其变形能力和残余承载力均有所提高。研究结果可为评估三轴应力下混凝土构件的动态损伤和残余承载力提供参考。     

THEORETICAL,NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WATER HAMMER IN PIPE SYSTEM WITH COLUMN SURGE CHAMBER

1 .　INTRODUCTIONWaterhammerreferstoanon linear phe nomenonwherepressuresurgesoccurfollowingasuddenchangeinflowvelocityina pipesystem .Thechangeinflowvelocitymaybeinducedbyvalveoperation ,pumpstart uporshut down ,fluidinjectionordischarge ,thesuddencessationofen ergysupplierdevicescausedby powerfailureorpipemovementundercertainexternalactionsuchasimpactandearthquake ,etc .Theseinducenon linear pressuresurgesorwaves propagationthroughoutthepipesystematacousticspeed .Thesurgepressurecouldha…     

Leak Detection in a Branched System by Inverse Transient Analysis with the Admittance Matrix Method

The diagnosis of water distribution systems by means of the inverse transient analysis requires efficient and reliable numerical models. In the network admittance matrix method (NAMM) the 1-D waterhammer governing equations are integrated in the frequency domain and organized in a laplacian matrix form. The NAMM is particularly suitable for complex systems because of this structure and can be used for the system diagnosis, including leak sizing and location. In this paper a damaged branched system is considered and the diagnosis is performed by means of the NAMM using experimental data from laboratory transient tests. Two different boundary conditions are used in the implementation of the NAMM and the leak is located and sized with a reasonable approximation. An extended numerical investigation is also presented and allows confirmation of the results for different leak locations. The use of the NAMM for the leak detection and the validation using experimental data on a branched system are the main original contributions of this work. The successful diagnosis indicates promising results for applications in more complex systems.     

HYDRAULIC PRESSURE SIGNAL DENOISING USING THRESHOLD SELF-LEARNING WAVELET ALGORITHM

A pre-filter combined with threshold self-learning wavelet algorithm is proposed for hydraulic pressure signals denoising. The denoising threshold is self-learnt in the steady flow state, and then modified under a given limit to make the mean square errors between reconstruction signals and desirable outputs minimum, so the corresponding optimal denoising threshold in a single operating case can be obtained. These optimal thresholds are used for the whole signal denoising and are different in various cases. Simulation results and comparative studies show that the present approach has an obvious effect of noise suppression and is superior to those of traditional wavelet algorithms and back-propagation neural networks. It also provides the precise data for the next step of pipeline leak detection using transient technique.     

水下抛石体探测中地震采集参数的优选

为了提高地震反射波法采集的地震数据对抛石体的识别能力,通过地震正演模拟对采样周期、震源主频和炮检距3个地震采集参数对地震数据质量的影响进行研究。结果表明:采样周期的选择与震源主频有关,采样频率应大于或等于原始信号最大频率的2倍;随着震源主频的增大,地震数据中所能识别抛石体的最小厚度和信噪比逐渐减小;炮检距影响着抛石体顶、底界面反射波能否区分开来,从而决定能否获得抛石体的厚度信息,最大炮检距随震源主频和水深的增大而增大。结合保定圩水下抛石探测实例,验证了地震正演模拟结果的可靠性。     

The influence of non-uniform blockages on transient wave behavior and blockage detection in pressurized water pipelines

Blockages in piping systems are formed from potentially complex combinations of bio-film build up, corrosion by-products, and sediment deposition. Transient-based methods seek to detect blockages by analyzing the evolution of small amplitude pressure waves. In theory, such methods can be efficient, nearly non-intrusive and economical but, thus far, studies have only considered symmetrical blockages, uniform in both the radial and longitudinal directions. Laboratory experiments are described here that involve pipe blockages with various levels of irregularity and severity; the way the transient response is affected by a non-uniform blockage is investigated. The differences between uniform and non-uniform blockages are quantified in terms of the rate that wave envelopes attenuate and the degree that phases are shifted. Two different methods for modeling these impacts are compared, namely through an increase in pipe roughness and through a wave scattering model. Wave scattering is shown to play a dominant role in explaining both wave envelope attenuation and phase shift. The accuracy of existing transient-based methods of blockage detection in the frequency domain is also examined, and is found that the predictions of rough blockage locations and sizes by current method are in good agreement with data, with relatively larger discrepancies for rough blockage lengths.     

管道系统泄漏检测的全频域法

针对长距离管道输水系统的特点,建立了适合各种边界条件的管道水击频域数学模型,并应用拉氏变换原理导出了实测离散函数的频域数学模型。在此基础上,提出完全在频域中检测管道泄漏的新方法,即管道泄漏检测的全频域法。全频域法与之前频域法的差别有两点:一是边界条件不受限制,二是泄漏检测完全在频域中完成,无需求解任何一点的傅里叶逆变换时域函数。最后通过数字算例检验了管道泄漏检测全频域法的可行性。     

热力管网泄漏检测数学模型

本文研究了基于恒定流动模拟的静态泄漏检测方法和基于水力瞬变模拟的瞬变泄漏检测法，分析了瞬变泄漏检测法用于热力管网的可行性，建立了瞬态泄漏检测法的数学模型，误差准则，以及泄漏位置的确定方法，并通过实际供热管网泄漏检测数值仿真作了比较，表明用瞬态泄漏检测法可显著改善热网微机监控系统泄漏检测的能力。     

二维平行壁面剪切流动的转捩与混沌模型

本文利用约化摄动方法，从理论上研究了二维平行壁面剪切流动的转捩与混沌现象，得到了描述二维平行壁面流动中的小振幅Ｔ－Ｓ波的演化方程为Ｋｏｒｔｅｗｅｇ－ＤｃＶｒｉｅｓ－Ｂｕｒｇｃｒｓ方程，反映Ｔ－Ｓ波衰减或增长率的参数为ＫｄＶ－Ｂｕｒｇｅｒｓ方程中的耗散系数Ｖ１与色散系数δ的比值ｖ１√δ，ｖ１和δ由流场结构决定的。当Ｔ－Ｓ波振幅被放大到一定程度后将受到的自由流中的高次或亚谐波的激励。经过分叉而进入混沌     

基于PMU的可控串补技术在抑制区域功率振荡中的应用

互联区域联络线上的功率振荡一般是由于系统阻尼较弱或重负荷等原因造成的。改善系统的阻尼特性可以有效的预防或平息此类振荡。根据同步相量测量单元（PMU）所测得的转速、相角等信息,设计了联络线可控串补装置（TCSC）的控制器,用以加强互联两区域系统的阻尼。文中在一个简单的2区4机电力系统中,研究了采用基于广域测量信号的TCSC控制器。仿真效果说明了基于广域测量系统的区间阻尼控制能有效抑制区间低频振荡和提高互联系统的传输容量,而且可在工程上实现。     

多点激振系统应用于模型试验

简要介绍多点正弦激励系统的工作原理。结合万安导墙模型动态特性试验 ,研究了激振器的安装和模态测试方法。对容易出现的不利因素的影响 ,提出了相应的解决方法。并在模型试验中较准确地找出了结构的固有频率、振型、阻尼等模态参数     

基于慢变流理论的管网泄漏检测模型的建立

提出一种基于慢变流理论的给水管网泄漏诊断与定位模型,即首先对管网施加随时间缓慢变化的压力激励,如果管网中存在泄漏,随着压力的不同泄漏程度也不一样,进而影响到管网中其他节点压力和管段流量等参数的变化;依据系统辨识反问题分析方法,实时监测管网监测点处的状态参数,运用贝叶斯算法对模型的预测参数——泄漏位置和泄漏量的概率值大小进行寻优,寻找模型计算值与测量值之间吻合程度最好的预测参数,得到最可能的泄漏位置与泄漏量。通过对算例管网的计算结果表明,采用该模型能够对漏失点和漏失量进行满足概率要求的准确诊断。     

三维数值波动水槽波浪变形计算的0—1混合型边界元方法

为了改善常数元方法和线性元方法在求解三维波场波浪变形问题时的计算精度,考察上述两种单元剖分方式下,波势函数及波势函数法向导数对单元节点设定的适应性,本文构造了一种0—1混合型边界元。计算表明:这种0—1混合型边界元的剖分方式,在控制和减缓波浪“横向振动”幅度及水面单元水质点波动速度的计算方面,显示出了其独到的优越和灵活之处,为时域内的波浪非线性变形计算提供了时步上的数值保证     

多点激振系统应用于模型试验

简要介绍多点正弦激励系统的工作原理。结合万安导墙模型动态特性试验,研究了激振器的 安装和模态测试方法。对容易出现的不利因素的影响,提出了相应的解决方法。并在模型试 验中较准确地找出了结构的固有频率、振型、阻尼等模态参数。