Comparison of coal separation characteristics based on different separating approaches in dry coal beneficiation flowsheet

The separation characteristic of raw coal from Luoyang mining area, China, was investigated by applying a dry coal beneficiation flowsheet with the dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed as main separating equipment. The experimental and simulation results indicate that the dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed can provide uniform distribution and stable fluctuation of bed densities at various heights. Two types of different separating approaches were compared using the dry coal beneficiation flowsheet. Compared with obtaining cleaning coal in the first stage of the flowsheet, a higher yield of the cleaning coal and better separation efficiency can be achieved when discharging gangue in the first stage. Finally, the results indicate that 64.86% pure cleaning coal with an ash content of 11.77% and 13.53% middlings were obtained, and 21.61% gangue was removed in two successive separation stages with the probable errors of 0.05 and 0.07 g/cm3, respectively.     

Beneficiation study of Eshidiya phosphorites using a rotary triboelectrostatic separator

This study was performed to investigate the feasibility of applying a Rotary Triboelectrostatic Separator (RTS) to the beneficiation of Eshidiya phosphate minerals. RTS separation tests were carried out on phosphatic bed A1, phosphatic bed A3 and slime samples. The bed A1 and slime samples were tested without desliming. Two sets of tests were performed using the A3 sample:one was performed without desliming and the other with the A3 sample deslimed. RTS separation tests as initially performed on the bed A1 and slime samples gave products that had essentially the same P2O5 content. This indicated that adsorbed clay particles on the phosphate surface are responsible for the poor separation of un-deslimed phosphates. Better triboelectrostatic separation was observed with the undeslimed A3 phosphate sample; these tests resulted in a highest product grade of 26% P2O5. The deslimed A3 sample showed far more effective separation than the undeslimed A3 one. In fact, a concentrate of 34% P2O5 was obtained from the triboelectrcstatic separation of deslimed A3. The results indicate that with deslimed A3 P2O5 recovery was about 65% for a concen-trate of 28% P2O5 and about 45% for a concentrate of 30% P2O5. These results clearly show the importance of desliming for effec-tive beneficiation of phosphate by the RTS. A more efficient separation can be expected from optimized operating conditions and circuit configuration.     

Cleaning of South African coal using a compound dry cleaning apparatus

The compound dry cleaning principle is briefly described. A beneficiation test on South African coal was conducted using a model compound dry cleaning apparatus. Excellent results were obtained and the optimum operating parameters were determined. They are: an amplitude of 3.0 ram, a motor frequency of 47.5 Hz, an air volume of 50%, a transverse angle of 7°, and a longitudinal angle of -2°. These conditions yield a clean coal containing 11% ash and a coal production of 75%. The organic efficiency, η, is 95.86%. These results show that the South African coal can be separated effectively by compound dry cleaning, which will popularize the compound dry cleaning method.     

应用摩擦电选技术降低微粉煤灰分

通过摩擦电选技术对原煤灰分约20％，粒度小于0.074mm，矿物质充分解离的微粉煤进行了干法分选试验，取得了精煤产率63.00％，灰分10．73％和尾煤产率36．80％，灰分32．98％的显著分选效果．试验表明：空气湿度增大后，精煤的产率有所下降，但通过增加极板的长度或提高电场强度，可保证精煤的产率，即摩擦电选过程对空气湿度变化的敏感性不大，主要决定于煤种的电选可选性；吸附在正、负极板上的颗粒主要集中在极板前段，说明物料摩擦带电充分，且正、负极板末端煤样的灰分相差不大，符合分选过程动力学规律。     

煤与单一矿物质在摩擦电选过程中的分离

摩擦电选能够有效分选粒度小于74μm的微粉煤,为了探索煤中矿物质在摩擦电选过程中的分离规律,将净煤(ρ1.3g/cm3)与煤中常见伴生矿物质如石英、高岭土、黄铁矿、方解石等分别按照一定比例混合,进行摩擦电选研究,并对各组精煤产品进行了X射线荧光光谱分析.试验结果表明:4种矿物质都可以通过摩擦电选方法有效脱除,方解石、石英、黄铁矿和高岭土的脱除率可分别达74.871%,82.608%,96.169%,94.986%.     

低灰洁净煤的电选制备

对应用高压电选机制备低灰洁净煤进行了理论及试验研究，首先从原料煤的煤岩组成及介电性质研究入手，对粉状物料介电常数的测量方法和计算公式进行了深入研究及理论修正，在此基础上选定原料煤，并进行了电选机操作参数及入料性质等多因素的试验研究，研究结果表明：原料煤的煤岩组成及介电常数是判断其电选可选性的有效依据；煤与大部分矿物质有较大的介电常数差异；分级给料，中等转速及中高电极电压会带来良好的分选效果。最后，通过研究制备出了灰分小于3％的低灰洁净煤，高压电选技术为煤的洁净利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

Research on super-low-ash anthracite preparation

The fundamental question of super-low-ash coal preparation is how to furthest depress high ash component pollution. A jigging process was used to remove high ash refuse and middling, then a high precision heavy medium cyclone was used to further separate near gravity light material. A two-stage heavy medium cylindrical cyclone with the same separation density was used to increase the precision of separation. The feed was de-slimed and fine-grind coal was added with media to improve the stability of the suspension. The pump frequency conversion timing and an air spring were used to steady the cyclone inlet pressure. Based on a series of study and pilot tests, a 1.00 Mt/a (output) commercial separation system with Ep value under 0.015 was built up. Super low ash (Ad_<2.00%) Taixi Anthracite has been put into commercial production.     

极细粒煤泥分选新方法：选择性絮凝

采用选择性絮凝剂,对煤中可燃体与非可燃体进行分离,称为选择性絮 凝。笔者对大屯、八一、大武口等5个选煤厂和煤矿的极细粒煤泥进行了大量的 试验,证明该法可作为极细粒煤泥的分选方法,并具有较好的选择性。经分选, 一般精煤灰分为12-13％,最低为5.73％,可燃体回收率达90％以上,两产品 之间灰分差一般在50％左右,效果较好。因此,是一种较有前途的方法,可用 在分级浮选中,作为极细粒煤泥的分选方法。     

四川煤的两液相法除灰脱硫研究

本文叙述研磨时间、溶剂、添加剂及其用量对两液相法净化煤的影响,比较了相同条件下不同煤样的净化结果.随煤种不同,除灰率达38～80%,减硫率为14～69%,无机硫脱除率为60～90%,并考察了净化过程中溶剂的分布情况.     

Characteristics of fluidization and dry-beneficiation of a wide-size-range medium-solids fluidized bed

Wide-size-range medium-solids are used in a modularized coal beneficiation demonstration system with a gas-solid fluidized bed. The characteristics of fluidization and dry-beneficiation of the medium solids were studied. The numerical simulation results show that 0.15–0.06 mm fine magnetite powder can decrease the disturbances caused by the bubbles. This is beneficial to the uniformity of the gas-solid interactions and thus to the uniformity and stability of the bed density and height. The experimental results show that, with an increase in the fine coal content in medium solids, both the fluidization quality and the beneficiation performance of the bed decreased gradually. When the fine coal content was no more than 13%, a relatively high superficial gas velocity increased the beneficiation efficiency. When the content was more than 13%, part of the fine coal was separated, leading to product layers. The separation efficiency was therefore gradually decreased. The models for predicting the bed density standard deviation and the probable error, E, value were both proposed. The E value can reach to 0.04–0.07 g/cm~3 under the optimized experimental parameters. This work provides a foundation for the adjustment of the bed density and the separation performance of the modularized 40–60 ton per hour dry coalbeneficiation industrial system.     

空气分级与空气重介流化床分选联合工艺研究

分析了固体颗粒在气-固流化床中的受力情况和运动方程，通过理论分析和实验得出了空气重介流化床分选入料的适宜粒级。讨论了空气重介流化床分选对入料粒度上下限的控制方法和存在问题，介绍了潮湿原煤空气分级新方法。试验表明，空气分级对潮湿原煤颗粒表面的煤粉有“清洗”作用，脱粉效果好，粗粒产物中含粉率仅为0.2%。这对控制入料粉量，稳定流化床密度和减少介质净化非常有利；空气分级还有分选作用，就试验煤种而言，其细粒级产物灰分比原煤中同粒级灰分降低1.7个百分点，比原煤灰分降低7.5个百分点，空气分级和空气重价流化床分选结合，可优化干法选煤工艺，降低工程投资和分选成本50%以上。     

干扰流化床中细粒煤散式流化特性数值模拟研究

为提高干扰流化床对细粒煤的分选性能,采用数值模拟方法,考察了细粒煤在流化床中的散式流化特性.计算结果表明,颗粒分层行为对水速变化较敏感,流化床可调操作参数较少,仅依靠水速调节,难以实现细粒煤高效分选.对于多组分细粒煤(粒度0.75,0.35mm,密度1.4,1.7,2.0g/cm3),床层密度不均匀,在轴向逐渐降低,分选密度为1.67g/cm3时,可能偏差E值为0.24,分选精度较低.提出一种由多个截顶倒圆锥形多孔板组成的内构件,在相同条件下,带内构件干扰床强化了颗粒的密度分离,E值达到0.14;同时,多孔板可防止高密度颗粒在其表面黏附.因此,该内构件有效提高了普通干扰床的分选性能.     

Study of Enhanced Fine Coal De-sulphurization and De-ashing by Ultrasonic Flotation

The feasibility of using ultrasound to enhance the performance of de-sulphurization and de-ashing during slime flotation was investigated. The Setararn C80 calorimeter, the contact angle gauge DCAT21 and an electrophoresis apparatus were used to study the surface nature of coal, pyrite and refuse before and after ultrasonic conditioning. The yield, ash and sulfur contents of equally sized coal slimes were also measured before and after ultrasonic conditioning. The results show that ultrasonic conditioning can drive the separation of pyrite and refuse from coal. After ultrasonic conditioning the hydrophobicity of coal and hydrophilicity of pyrite and refuse increase. The perfect index of flotation, the perfect index of de-sulphurization and the percentage of de-sulphurization increase by 22.51%, 25.36% and 2.49%, respectively. This study shows that ultrasonic conditioning can enhance the performance of de-sulphurization and de-ashing of coal flotation methods.     

Modularized dry coal beneficiation technique based on gas-solid fluidized bed

A 40–60 t/h modularized dry coal beneficiation process with a novel method to control the bed was designed around a gas-solid fluidized bed separator. Furthermore, the hydrodynamics of medium-solids consisting of wide-size-range magnetite powder (0.3–0.06 mm) and <1 mm fine coal were numerically studied. The simulation results show that the fluidization performance of the wide-size-range medium-solid bed is good. The separation performance of the modularized system was then investigated in detail using a mixture of <0.3 mm magnetite powder (mass fraction of 0.3–0.06 mm particles is 91.38 %) and <1 mm fine coal as solid media. The experimental results show that at separation densities of 1.33 g/cm³ or 1.61 g/cm³, 50–6 mm coal can be separated effectively with probable error, E, values of 0.05 g/cm³ and 0.06 g/cm³, respectively. This technique is beneficial for saving water resources and for the clean utilization of coal.     

Matter Composition and Two Stage Evolution of a Liangshan Super High-Sulfur Coal Seam in Kaili, Eastern Guizhou

Super-high sulfur coal resultes in serious coal-derived pollution but might have a particular genesis. Thus,a columnar section of an Early Permian Liangshan Formation coal seam. weight average sulfur content 5.80%,from Kaili,eastern Guizhou,was studied using the methods of coal petrology and geochemistry. The results show that the seam was apparently formed in seawater-effected peat bogs that developed in two distinct stages. During the first stage various layers were formed in a supratidal bog and have a composition characteristic of a bog with a gradually decreasing sea-water effect,decreasing water dynamics,and an increasingly reductive environment. Layers in the upper seam formed during a second stage in an intertidal bog. These layers are very high in total and inorganic sulfur,the ratios of or-ganic/inorganic sulfur and V/I drop,they are high in coal ash yield and have a high ash component index,considerable barkinite,oxidized and detrital macerals,have a porphyroclatic micro-structure and are rich in pyrite,all of which indi-cate the coal-forming environment had higher oxidation potential,strong and roiling water dynamics,and intermittent exposure to a sulfur rich environment.     

Rapid prediction of floating and sinking components of raw coal

A model that rapidly predicts the density components of raw coal is described. It is based on a three-grade fast float/sink test. The recent comprehensive monthly floating and sinking data are used for comparison. The predicted data are used to draw washability curves and to provide a rapid evaluation of the effect from heavy medium induced separation. Thirty-one production shifts worth of fast float/sink data and the corresponding quick ash data are used to verify the model. The results show a small error with an arithmetic average of 0.53 and an absolute average error of 1.50. This indicates that this model has high precision. The theoretical yield from the washability curves is 76.47% for the monthly comprehensive data and 81.31% using the model data. This is for a desired cleaned coal ash of 9%. The relative error between these two is 6.33%, which is small and indicates that the predicted data can be used to rapidly evaluate the separation effect of gravity separation equipment.     

烟道灰覆盖剂的试验研究

通过烟道灰与多种覆盖剂的补缩效果和增碳情况对比试验,以及用烟道灰作覆盖剂、作保温套各自单独使用与联合使用时冒口凝固时间和补缩效果的对比试验,证明烟道灰是一种经济效益显著的覆盖剂,为铸造生产合理使用烟道灰提供了参考。     

磁铁石英岩落锤冲击破碎效果与能量关系

为研究磁铁矿石机械冲击破碎效果与能量的关系,开展了落锤冲击破碎试验、数码显微镜观察试验和原子吸收光谱检测试验,分析了磁铁石英岩冲击破碎特征与矿物分离特征,得到了能量密度与矿石碎块的粒度分维数、平均粒度和矿物颗粒分离效率的理论关系. 研究发现,碎块粒度分布具有分形特征,粒度分形维数和平均粒度较全面的描述磁铁矿石英岩冲击破碎程度;磁铁石英岩经落锤冲击后,发生矿物颗粒分离的碎块粒度与矿物嵌布粒度一致,碎块粒度越小矿物颗粒分离越显著;与二段磨矿产物相比,冲击破碎分离的矿物颗粒形态与光学特征更接近原矿矿物学特征;冲击破碎分离的磁铁矿颗粒全铁品位高于二段磨矿产出的磁铁矿颗粒,可以满足选矿的需要. 结果表明:随能量密度的增大,碎块粒度分维数呈负指数增长的变化特征,碎块平均粒度呈三次多项式降低的变化特征,矿物颗粒分离效率呈三次多项式增长的变化特征; 磁铁矿石冲击破碎过程中通过增大破碎能量密度,提高矿石破碎程度,增大矿物颗粒质量分数,将矿物颗粒筛分后直接进入磁选,可降低单位磁铁矿石加工总能耗.     

Coal flotation using wash oil as a new type of collector

The use of wash oil as a coal collector is proposed to overcome the disadvantages of regular collectors in coal slime flotation. These disadvantages include high price, limited sources and high consumption. The effect of additives on flotation was studied and an innovative "one rough separation-one cleaning separation" flotation technology was developed. The experimental results show that the clean coal ash content decreases by about 1.36% and the clean coal yield declines by around 10% with the application of the depressant. There is an increase of 3.76% in the yield of clean coal and a decrease of 0.40% in the ash content caused by utilizing a dispersant. An ultimate product having an ash content of 10.78% and yield of 70.12% can be attained using a combination of dispersant and depressant. The use of this new technology decreases the ash content by 1.21%, decreases the yield by 2.80% and an increases the coal flotation perfect index by 2.03%. Compared to common flotation, the utilization of the new technology reduces ash by 0.17%, increases yield by 5.3% and increases perfect index by 4.18%.     

Low Density Dry Coal Beneficiation Using an Air Dense Medium Fluidized Bed

For the production of low ash content clean coal, separation at low density is required for some raw coals.Based on analyzing the fluidizing characteristics of magnetic-pearls with a specific size clistribution and formation mechanism of a microbubble fluidized bed, optimal technological and operating parameters suitable for low density coal separation were determined. The experimental results show that an air dense medium fluidized bed with low den-sity can be formed using magnetic pearls as medium solids, which can efficiently beneficiate coal of 6-50 mm size with a probable error Ep value of 0.05 at a separating density of 1.44 g/cm^3.