Magnetic spherical carbon as an efficient adsorbent for the magnetic extraction of phthalate esters from lake water and milk samples

Magnetic spherical carbon was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal carbonization procedure with biomass glucose as the carbon precursor and nanoclusters iron colloid as magnetic precursor. The textures of the as‐prepared magnetic spherical carbon were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and vibration sample magnetometry. Results indicated that the magnetic spherical carbon possessed high surface area as well as strong magnetism, which endows the material with good adsorption capability and easy separation properties. To assess its absorption performance, the magnetic spherical carbon was employed as adsorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of phthalate esters from lake water and milk samples before high‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Some key parameters that could influence the enrichment efficiency were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, a good linearity was achieved with the linear correlation coefficients higher than 0.9973. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.05–0.08 ng/mL for lake water and 0.1–0.2 ng/mL for milk samples. The recoveries of the analytes for the method were in the range 80.1–112.6%.     

Solid‐phase extraction based on chloromethylated polystyrene magnetic nanospheres followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to determine phthalate esters in beverages

An ultrasound‐assisted magnetic solid‐phase extraction procedure with chloromethylated polystyrene‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanospheres as magnetic adsorbents has been developed to determine eight phthalate esters (bis(4‐methyl‐2‐pentyl) phthalate, dipentyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, bis(2‐butoxyethyl) phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, di‐n‐octyl phthalate, and dinonyl phthalate) simultaneously in beverage samples, in combination with gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the first time. Several factors related to magnetic solid‐phase extraction efficiencies, such as amount of adsorbent, extracting time, ionic strength, and desorption conditions were investigated. The enrichment factors of the method for the eight analytes were over 2482. A good linearity was observed in the range of 10–500 ng/L for bis(2‐butoxyethyl) phthalate and 2–500 ng/L for the other phthalate esters with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9980 to 0.9998. The limits of detection and quantification for the eight phthalate esters were in the range of 0.20–2.90 and 0.67–9.67 ng/L, respectively. The mean recoveries at three spiked levels were 75.8–117.7%, the coefficients of variations were <11.6%. The proposed method was demonstrated to be a simple and efficient technique for the trace analysis of the phthalate esters in beverage samples.     

Magnetic nanoporous carbon as an adsorbent for the extraction of phthalate esters in environmental water and aloe juice samples

In this work, magnetic nanoporous carbon with high surface area and ordered structure was synthesized using cheap commercial silica gel as template and sucrose as the carbon source. The prepared magnetic nanoporous carbon was firstly used as an adsorbent for the extraction of phthalate esters, including diethyl phthalate, diallyl phthalate, and di‐n‐propyl‐phthalate, from lake water and aloe juice samples. Several parameters that could affect the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection of the method (S/N = 3) was 0.10 ng/mL for water sample and 0.20 ng/mL for aloe juice sample. The linearity was observed over the concentration range of 0.50–150.0 and 1.0–200.0 ng/mL for water and aloe juice samples, respectively. The results showed that the magnetic nanoporous carbon has a high adsorptive capability toward the target phthalate esters in water and aloe juice samples.     

Centrifugeless ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction based on salting‐out phenomenon followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography for the simple determination of phthalate esters in aqueous samples

A fast, sensitive, and centrifugeless ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction followed by a high‐performance liquid chromatography method is developed for the determination of some phthalate esters in aqueous samples. In this method, a simple approach is followed to eliminate the centrifugation step in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using an organic solvent whose melting point is near the ambient temperature, consumption of the extracting solvent is efficiently reduced, and the overall extraction time was found to be only 7 min. The variables affecting the method are optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions (75 μL of 1‐undecanol, a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min, and an ultrasound irradiation of 1 min), the proposed method exhibits good preconcentration factors (52–97), low limits of detection (1.0–5.0 ng/mL), and linearities in the range of 5–1500 ng/mL (r ² ≥ 0.995). Finally, the method is successfully applied to the analysis of phthalate esters in the drinking and river water samples. To study the probable release of the phthalate esters from a polyethylene container into boiling water, the boiling water exposed to the polyethylene container was analyzed by the proposed method.     

New application of chitosan‐grafted polyaniline in dispersive solid‐phase extraction for the separation and determination of phthalate esters in milk using high‐performance liquid chromatography

Chitosan‐grafted polyaniline was synthesized and applied as a sorbent for the preconcentration of phthalate esters in dispersive solid‐phase extraction. By coupling dispersive solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and response surface methodology (central composite design), a reliable, sensitive, and cost‐effective method for simultaneous determination of phthalate esters including dimethyl phthalate, di‐n‐butyl phthalate, and di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate was developed. The morphology of sorbent had been studied by scanning electron microscopy and its chemical structure confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Under optimum condition, good linearity was observed in the range of 5.0–5000.0 ng/mL. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were 0.1–0.3 and 0.3–1 ng/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations were less than 8.8%. Finally, this procedure was employed for extraction of trace amounts of phthalic acid esters in milk samples, the relative recoveries ranged from 82 to 103%.     

Microwave‐assisted preparation of poly(ionic liquids)‐modified polystyrene magnetic nanospheres for phthalate esters extraction from beverages

The fabrication of novel poly(ionic liquids)‐modified polystyrene (PSt) magnetic nanospheres (PILs‐PMNPs) by a one‐pot miniemulsion copolymerization reaction was achieved through an efficient microwave‐assisted synthesis method. The morphology, structure, and magnetic behavior of the as‐prepared magnetic materials were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, etc. The magnetic materials were utilized as sorbents for the extraction of phthalate esters (PAEs) from beverage samples followed by high‐performance ultrafast liquid chromatography analysis. Significant extraction parameters that could affect the extraction efficiencies were investigated particularly. Under optimum conditions, good linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 0.5–50 (dimethyl phthalate), 0.3–50 (diethyl phthalate), 0.2–50 (butyl benzyl phthalate), and 0.4–50 μg/L (di‐n‐butyl phthalate), with correlation coefficients R ² > 0.9989. Limits of detection were in the range 125–350 pg. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine PAEs from beverage samples with satisfactory recovery ranging from 77.8 to 102.1% and relative standard deviations ranging from 3.7 to 8.4%. Comparisons of extraction efficiency with PSt‐modified MNPs as sorbents were performed. The results demonstrated that PILs‐PMNPs possessed an excellent adsorption capability toward the trace PAE analytes.     

A porous carbon derived from amino‐functionalized material of Institut Lavoisier as a solid‐phase microextraction fiber coating for the extraction of phthalate esters from tea

In this work, a porous carbon derived from amino‐functionalized material of Institut Lavoisier (C‐NH₂‐MIL‐125) was prepared and coated onto a stainless‐steel wire through sol–gel technique. The coated fiber was used for the solid‐phase microextraction of trace levels of phthalate esters (diallyl phthalate, di‐iso‐butyl ortho‐phthalate, di‐n‐butyl ortho‐phthalate, benzyl‐n‐butyl ortho‐phthalate, and bis(2‐ethylhexy) ortho‐phthalate) from tea beverage samples before gas chromatography with mass spectrometric analysis. Several experimental parameters that could influence the extraction efficiency such as extraction time, extraction temperature, sample pH, sample salinity, stirring rate, desorption temperature and desorption time, were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the linearity existed in the range of 0.05–30.00 μg/L for green jasmine tea beverage samples, and 0.10–30.00 μg/L for honey jasmine tea beverage samples, with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9939 to 0.9981. The limits of detection of the analytes for the method were 2.0–3.0 ng/L for green jasmine tea beverage sample, and 4.0–5.0 ng/L for honey jasmine tea beverage sample, depending on the compounds. The recoveries of the analytes for the spiked samples were in the range of 82.0–106.0%, and the precision, expressed as the relative standard deviations, was less than 11.1%.     

β‐Cyclodextrin polymer@Fe3O4 based magnetic solid‐phase extraction coupled with HPLC for the determination of benzoylurea insecticides from honey,tomato, and environmental water samples

In this work, a magnetic β‐cyclodextrin polymer was successfully prepared and used as an adsorbent for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of six benzoylurea insecticides (diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, teflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, and chlorfluazuron) from honey, tomato, and environmental water samples. The influence of the main experimental conditions on the extraction was studied. Under the optimized conditions, the β‐cyclodextrin polymer@Fe₃O₄ showed an excellent extraction performance for the benzoylurea insecticides. A good linearity was obtained for the analytes in the range of 3.0–800 ng/g for honey samples, 0.3–160 ng/g for tomato samples, and 0.1–80.0 ng/mL for water samples, with the correlation coefficients above 0.9998. Satisfactory repeatabilities were achieved, with the relative standard deviations less than 5.7%. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of the method for the benzoylurea insecticides were 0.2–0.8 ng/g for honey samples, 0.04–0.10 ng/g for tomato samples, and 0.02–0.05 ng /mL for water samples. The method was successfully used for the determination of the six benzoylurea insecticides residues in honey, tomato, and environmental water samples with a satisfactory result.     

Magnetic N‐doped mesoporous carbon as an adsorbent for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of phthalate esters from soft drinks

A new kind of magnetic N‐doped mesoporous carbon was prepared by the one‐step carbonization of a hybrid precursor (glucose, melamine, and iron chloride) in a N₂ atmosphere with a eutectic salt (KCl/ZnCl₂) as the porogen. The obtained magnetic N‐doped mesoporous carbon showed excellent characteristics, such as strong magnetic response, high surface area, large pore volume, and abundant π‐electron system, which endow it with a great potential as a magnetic solid‐phase extraction adsorbent. To evaluate its adsorption performance, the magnetic N‐doped mesoporous carbon was used for the extraction of three phthalate esters from soft drink samples followed by high‐performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Under the optimum conditions, the developed method showed a good linearity (1.0–120.0 ng/mL), low limit of detection (0.1–0.3 ng/mL, S/N = 3), and good recoveries (83.2–119.0%) in soft drink samples. The results indicated that the magnetic N‐doped mesoporous carbon has an excellent adsorption capacity for phthalate esters and the present method is simple, accurate, and highly efficient for the extraction and determination of phthalate esters in complex matrix samples.     

Application of magnetized MOF‐74 to phthalate esters extraction from Chinese liquor

In this study, magnetized MOF‐74 (Ni) was prepared using an ultrasound‐assisted synthesis method. This novel functional magnetic adsorbent was characterized using various techniques. Using the prepared material as adsorbents, a magnetic solid‐phase extraction method coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was proposed for determining four phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples. The extraction parameters, including solution pH, adsorbent amount, extraction time, and eluent type and volume, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, proposed method showed good linearity within the range of 1.53–200 μg/L for diphenyl phthalate, 2.03–200 μg/L for butyl benzyl phthalate, 7.02–200 μg/L for diamyl phthalate, and 6.03–200 μg/L for dicyclohexyl phthalate, with correlation coefficients > 0.9944, low limits of detection (0.46–2.10 μg/L, S/N = 3), and good extraction repeatability (relative standard deviations of 3.7%, n = 6). This method was successfully used to analyze phthalate esters in Chinese liquor samples with recoveries of 74.4–104.8%. Two phthalate esters were detected in two samples, both at concentrations that satisfied the Chinese national standard, indicating this method has practical application prospects. The extraction efficiency of this method was also compared with conventional solid‐phase extraction using commercial C₁₈ cartridges. The results demonstrated that the proposed magnetic solid‐phase extraction is a simple, time‐saving, efficient, and low‐cost method.     

Graphene oxide as a micro‐solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the enrichment of parabens from water and vinegar samples

A simple hydrophilic polyamide organic membrane protected micro‐solid‐phase extraction method with graphene oxide as the sorbent was developed for the enrichment of some parabens from water and vinegar samples prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. The main experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiencies, such as the type and amount of the sorbent, extraction time, stirring rate, salt addition, sample solution pH and desorption conditions, were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method showed a good linearity in the range of 0.1–100.0 ng/mL for water samples and 0.5–100.0 ng/mL for vinegar samples, with the correlation coefficients varying from 0.9978 to 0.9997. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of the method were in the range of 0.005–0.010 ng/mL for water samples and 0.01–0.05 ng/mL for vinegar samples, respectively. The recoveries of the method for the analytes at spiking levels of 5.0 and 70.0 ng/mL were between 84.6 and 106.4% with the relative standard deviations varying from 4.2 to 9.5%. The results indicated that the developed method could be a practical approach for the determination of paraben residues in water and vinegar samples.     

Fabric phase sorptive extraction/GC‐MS method for rapid determination of broad polarity spectrum multi‐class emerging pollutants in various aqueous samples

A rapid extraction and cleanup method using selective fabric phase sorptive extraction combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for the determination of broad polarity spectrum emerging pollutants, ethyl paraben, butyl paraben, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, lidocaine, prilocaine, triclosan, and bisphenol A in various aqueous samples. Some important parameters of fabric phase sorptive extraction such as extraction time, matrix pH, stirring speed, type and volume of desorption solvent were investigated and optimized. Calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range 0.05–500 ng/mL. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were in the range 0.009 –0.021 ng/mL. This method was validated by analyzing the compounds in spiked aqueous samples at different levels with recoveries of 93 to 99% and relative standard deviations of <6%. The developed method was applied for the determination of the emerging contaminants in tap water, municipal water, ground water, sewage water, and sludge water samples. The results demonstrate that fabric phase sorptive extraction has great potential in the preconcentration of trace analytes in complex matrix.     

Determination of phthalates in beverages using multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersive solid‐phase extraction before HPLC–MS

A microdispersive solid‐phase extraction method has been developed using multiwalled carbon nanotubes of 110–170 nm diameter and 5–9 μm length for the extraction of a group of nine phthalic acid esters (i.e., bis(2‐methoxyethyl) phthalate, bis‐2‐ethoxyethyl phthalate, dipropyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, bis‐2‐n‐butoxyethyl phthalate, bis‐isopentyl phthalate, bis‐n‐pentyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, and di‐n‐octyl phthalate) from tap water as well as from different beverages commercialized in plastic bottles (mineral water, lemon‐ and apple‐flavored mineral water, and an isotonic drink). Determination was carried out by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The extraction procedure was optimized following a step‐by‐step approach, being the optimum extraction conditions: 50 mL of each sample at pH 6.0, 80 mg of sorbent, and 25 mL of acetonitrile as elution solvent. To validate the methodology, matrix‐matched calibration and a recovery study were developed, obtaining determination coefficients >0.9906 and absolute recovery values between 70 and 117% (with relative standard deviations < 17%) in all cases. The limits of quantification of the method were between 0.173 and 1.45 μg/L. After the evaluation of the matrix effects, real samples were also analyzed, finding butylbenzyl phthalate in all samples (except in apple‐flavored mineral water), though at concentrations below its limit of quantification of the method.     

Preparation of a magnetic porous carbon with hierarchical structures from waste biomass for the extraction of some carbamates

In this study, corn stalk was used to synthesize a magnetic adsorbent by pyrolysis together with KHCO₃ as the chemical activator and iron(III) salt as the magnetic reagent. The characterization by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N₂ adsorption–desorption analysis showed that the magnetic carbon adsorbent had a structure of hierarchical pores with a high specific surface area. To evaluate its adsorption performance, the adsorbent was used for the extraction of carbamates pesticides (propoxur, isoprocarb and fenobucarb) from water and zucchini samples before high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. The result showed that the adsorbent had a good adsorption capability for the analytes. Under the optimized conditions, a good linearity for the analytes existed in the range of 0.1–100.0 ng/mL for water samples and 0.5–100.0 ng/g for zucchini samples with the correlation coefficients of 0.9992–0.9998. The limits of detection for the analytes at a signal to noise ratio of 3 were 0.03 ng/mL for water samples and 0.20–0.50 ng/g for zucchini samples.     

Magnetic solid‐phase extraction or dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for pyrethroid determination in environmental samples

The determination of 15 pyrethroids in soil and water samples was carried out by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Compounds were extracted from the soil samples (4 g) using solid–liquid extraction and then salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction. The acetonitrile phase obtained (0.8 mL) was used as a dispersant solvent, to which 75 μL of chloroform was added as an extractant solvent, submitting the mixture to dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. For the analysis of water samples (40 mL), magnetic solid‐phase extraction was performed using nanocomposites of magnetic nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes as sorbent material (10 mg). The mixture was shaken for 45 min at room temperature before separation with a magnet and desorption with 3 mL of acetone using ultrasounds for 5 min. The solvent was evaporated and reconstituted with 100 μL acetonitrile before injection. Matrix‐matched calibration is recommended for quantification of soil samples, while water samples can be quantified by standards calibration. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.03–0.5 ng/g (soil) and 0.09–0.24 ng/mL (water), depending on the analyte. The analyzed environmental samples did not contain the studied pyrethroids, at least above the corresponding limits of detection.     

Carbon nanospheres as solid‐phase microextraction coating for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water and soil samples

A solid‐phase microextraction with carbon nanospheres coated fiber coupled with gas chromatographic detection was established for the determination of eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, biphenyl, acenaphthene, fluorine, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) in water and soil samples. The experimental parameters (extraction temperature, extraction time, stirring rate, headspace volume, salt content, and desorption temperature) which affect the extraction efficiency were studied. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity between the peak areas and the concentrations of the analytes was achieved in the concentration range of 0.5‐300 ng/mL for water samples, and in the concentration range of 6.0‐2700 ng/g for soil samples. The detection limits for the analytes were in the range of 0.12‐0.45 ng/mL for water samples, and in the range of 1.53‐2.70 ng/g for soil samples. The method recoveries of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for spiked water samples were 80.10‐120.1% with relative standard deviations less than 13.9%. The method recoveries of the analytes for spiked soil samples were 80.40‐119.6% with relative standard deviations less than 14.4%. The fiber was reused over 100 times without a significant loss of extraction efficiency.     

Solid‐phase microextraction of phthalate esters by a new coating based on a thermally stable polypyrrole/graphene oxide composite

A novel polypyrole/graphene oxide coating was made by the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and graphene oxide on a platinum wire. The prepared fiber has shown a good thermal stability up to 300°C. The fiber was applied to the direct solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis of four phthalate esters. The effect of four parameters on gas chromatography peak area including extraction temperature, extraction time, injection temperature, and ionic strength were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits were between 0.042 and 0.26 μg/L. The intraday and interday relative standard deviations obtained at 55 μg/L, using a single fiber, were 8.2–16% and 17.3–25.6%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of phthalate esters in two real samples of boiling water in cheap disposable clear plastic drinking cups showing recoveries from 83 to 120%.     

Silica‐based magnetic hybrid nanocomposite for the extraction and preconcentration of some organophosphorus pesticides before gas chromatography

The precise control of pesticide residues in foodstuffs depends significantly on the clean extraction of analytes using specifically designed separation methods. In this study, a one‐pot sol–gel process was used for the preparation of a magnetic hybrid silica gel tetraethylortho silicate‐cyanopropyltriethoxy silane nanocomposite. The prepared material was characterized using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, single‐point specific surface area, and scanning electron microcopy. The synthesized magnetic hybrid material was used as a solid phase extraction sorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of some organophosphorus pesticides before gas chromatography with a microelectron capture detector. The performance of the proposed magnetic solid‐phase extraction technique was validated by linearity (0.05–2 ng/mL), correlation coefficients (r² = 0.9993–0.9997), limit of detection (0.02–0.06 ng/mL, S/N = 3, n = 3), and intraday (RSD = 1.5–8.7%, n = 3) and interday precision (RSD = 5.5–9.3%, n = 12), while the recovery in real samples and equilibrium adsorption capacity was 72.02–103.84% and 8–20 mg/g, respectively. The magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on the hybrid nanocomposite revealed a high enrichment factor, an appropriate dynamic range, and great absorptive ability toward the selected organophosphorus pesticides spiked in real water samples.     

Synthesis and characterization of a poly(p‐phenylenediamine)‐based electrospun nanofiber for the micro‐solid‐phase extraction of organophosphorus pesticides from drinking water and lemon and orange juice samples

A new micro‐solid‐phase extraction sorbent was synthesized by electrospinning poly(p‐phenylenediamine)/poly(vinyl alcohol) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The modified nanofiber was prepared by removing the majority of the poly(vinyl alcohol) from the nanofiber blend by exposing it to the hot water. Scanning electron microscopy and surface analysis were performed to study the homogeneity and porosity of the electrospun nanofiber. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was applied for more characterization. The capability of the new nanofiber was explored by applying it in the extraction and preconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides from aqueous medium. After solvent desorption, the extracted analytes were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Under the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation values at the concentration level of 50 ng/mL were in the range of 4.8–8.3%. The calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 0.5–500 ng/mL, and the limits of detection (S/N = 3) for the studied compounds were 0.15 ng/mL. By analyzing Tehran drinking water, lemon juice, sour lemon juice, orange juice and sour orange juice, the applicability of the presented method was investigated and the relative recoveries were in the range of 76–102%.     

Dispersive magnetic solid‐phase extraction of phthalate esters from water samples and human plasma based on a nanosorbent composed of MIL‐101(Cr) metal–organic framework and magnetite nanoparticles before their determination by GC–MS

In this study, a magnetic metal–organic framework was synthesized simply and utilized in the dispersive magnetic solid‐phase extraction of five phthalate esters followed by their determination by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. First, MIL‐101(Cr) was prepared hydrothermally in water medium without using highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid, utilizing an autoclave oven heat supply. Afterward, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were decorated into the matrix of MIL‐101(Cr) to fabricate magnetic MIL‐101 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was characterized by various techniques. The parameters affecting dispersive magnetic solid‐phase extraction efficiency were optimized and obtained as: a sorbent amount of 15 mg; a sorption time of 20 min; an elution time of 5 min; NaCl concentration, 10% w/v; type and volume of the eluent 1 mL n‐hexane/acetone (1:1 v/v). Under the optimum conditions detection limits and linear dynamic ranges were achieved in the range of 0.08–0.15 and 0.5–200 μg/L, respectively. The intra‐ and interday RSD% values were obtained in the range of 2.5–9.5 and 4.6–10.4, respectively. Ultimately, the applicability of the method was successfully confirmed by the extraction and determination of the model analytes in water samples, and human plasma in the range of microgram per liter and satisfactory results were obtained.