Oral infections in immunocompromised patients

Abstract. The number of immunocompromised patients has increased during recent years, mainly because of more aggressive anti-cancer treatment and increased survival periods for end-stage cancer patients. Congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies are also more frequently recognized in dental practice due to increased diagnostic knowledge and increased numbers of HIV-infected persons. Oral complications and infections are related to the type and severeness of the immunodeficiency. Low amounts of immunoglobulins are known to play a role in many bacterial infections, e.g., upper respiratory tract infections, but have not yet been associated with specific oral conditions. T-cell defects tend to increase suspectibility towards oral infections with fungi and virus, and are also associated with periodontal disease in HIV-infected patients. Defects in the phagocytic system increase the risk of periodontal disease in certain patient groups. Severe granulocytopenia as observed, e.g., in leukemic patients increases the risk of septicemia with oral micro-organisms.     

左乳腺癌保乳术后正向调强与逆向调强计划剂量及通过率比较

目的 比较正向调强(f-IMRT)和逆向调强(IMRT)计划用于左乳腺癌保乳术后放疗的优劣势.方法 筛选11例左乳腺癌保乳术后患者为研究对象,采用Pinnacle3治疗计划系统(TPS)建立IMRT和f-IMRT计划,分别采用TPS和Compass三维验证系统分析剂量差异及Gamma通过率,比较2种计划的优势和劣势.结...     

内分泌及调强放射治疗前、后前列腺癌MRI表现

目的评价前列腺癌内分泌及调强放射治疗前后磁共振表现.方法分析26例前列腺癌患者内分泌及调强放射治疗前后磁共振图像, 观察治疗后前列腺及肿瘤体积、信号的变化.结果治疗后前列腺体积平均缩小(34.3±18.2)% (P<0.01),周围带体积缩小程度[(56.1±21.6)%]大于移行带缩小程度[(30.5±21.1)%] (P<0.05); T2加权像上前列腺周围带及移行带信号显示不同程度的弥漫性减低;前列腺体积缩小与血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)水平下降之间有显著性相关 (r=0.67, P<0.05).结论前列腺癌内分泌及调强放射治疗后磁共振表现为前列腺、肿瘤、精囊体积缩小、信号减低、肿瘤浸润包膜程度减轻等变化.     

Predicting PSA response of prostate cancer to radiation therapy with Doppler sonography

OBJECTIVE: We report a prospective investigation of the correlation between pretreatment Doppler vascular density (DVD) of the entire prostate gland and subsequent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response following external beam radiation therapy, for patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer. This report updates a previous report (Sehgal et al., Acad Radiol 2003;10:366) with longer patient follow-up and additional quantitative and clinically relevant end points. METHODS: Before radiation therapy, we imaged 12 patients with transrectal Doppler sonography and measured the mean DVD of the prostate for each. For analysis, patients were separated into 3 groups by low, intermediate, and high DVD. The mean DVD for each group was linearly correlated with mean values for time above a PSA threshold of 1.0 ng/ml, post-therapy plateau PSA, and nadir PSA. RESULTS: We previously observed that pretreatment mean DVD had a strong inverse correlation with initial rate of post-therapy decline in PSA. With substantially longer follow-up on the same cohort of patients (median, 52 months), we now observe that pretreatment mean DVD also correlates with post-therapy nadir PSA (R = 0.94) and with time above a PSA threshold of 1.0 ng/mL (R = 0.99). CONCLUSION: The results of the current study are consistent with our earlier suggestion that pretreatment measurement of DVD of the entire prostate gland may be a clinically useful prognostic indicator in early prostate cancer treated with radiation. However, additional data from larger numbers of patients are needed to draw firm conclusions.     

自适应调强放疗对局部晚期宫颈癌的治疗效果

目的观察自适应调强放疗(ART)对局部晚期宫颈癌患者的治疗效果。方法将85例局部晚期宫颈癌患者随机分为对照组42例和观察组43例。2组患者均接受常规化疗,对照组联合采用逆向调强放疗(IMRT)外照射治疗,观察组联合ART治疗。治疗后,比较2组患者的临床疗效、危及器官剂量学指标水平和不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗8周末,观察组危及器官剂量学指标水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ART应用于局部晚期宫颈癌患者中疗效显著,可减轻周围组织损伤,降低不良反应发生率,改善患者预后。     

儿童恶性肿瘤放射治疗并发症的研究进展

儿童恶性肿瘤治疗后的长期生存者是各医疗保健专家公认的患病高风险人口,对肿瘤的各种治疗手段都会不同程度的影响到儿童的生长和发育。放疗及化疗后的幸存者,将经历慢性或迟发性身体健康问题。成长中的儿童受放疗影响尤其敏感,受照野内的器官和组织、放射源的选择、分割方式、累积照射剂量和不同的受照年龄都会对放疗反应的轻重有明显的影响。     

同步整合加量调强放射治疗原发性食管癌的临床疗效

目的评价同步整合加量调强放射治疗(SIB-IMRT)技术治疗原发性食管癌的近期疗效及不良反应。方法 32例原发性食管癌患者均采用5野或7野的SIB-IMRT技术进行放射治疗。肿瘤靶区(GTV)220 c Gy/F,总剂量6 600 c Gy/30F;临床靶区(CTV)单次剂量180 c Gy,总剂量5 400c Gy/30F。结果 32例原发性食管癌患者均按计划完成放射治疗。放射治疗结束时有26例患者食管病灶完全缓解,完全缓解率为81%(26/32);4例部分缓解,部分缓解率为13%。右肺V20为9%~21%,左肺V20为11%~23%。其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ级放射性食管炎共11例,发生率为34%。Ⅰ~Ⅱ级放射性气管炎6例,发生率为19%,无Ⅲ级以上急性不良反应发生。结论 SIB-IMRT技术治疗原发性食管癌疗效好,不良反应可耐受。     

Differences in sleep disturbance and fatigue between patients with breast and prostate cancer at the initiation of radiation therapy

Context

Little is known about the occurrence and severity of sleep disturbance and fatigue between patients with common cancer diagnoses.

Objectives

Study purposes were to evaluate for differences in the occurrence rates of sleep disturbances and fatigue; evaluate for differences in the severity of sleep disturbance using both subjective and objective measures; and evaluate for differences in the severity of self-reported fatigue in patients with breast and prostate cancer at the initiation of radiation therapy (RT).

Methods

Patients with breast (n = 78) and prostate (n = 82) cancer were evaluated before the initiation of RT using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, General Sleep Disturbance Scale, Lee Fatigue Scale, and wrist actigraphy. Differences in sleep disturbance and fatigue between groups were evaluated using independent sample t-tests and Chi-square analyses.

Results

Occurrence rates for sleep disturbance (P < 0.0001) and fatigue (P = 0.03) were significantly higher in patients with breast compared with prostate cancer. Patients with breast cancer self-reported significantly higher levels of sleep disturbance (P = 0.008) and fatigue (P = 0.005) than patients with prostate cancer. However, using actigraphy, patients with prostate cancer had poorer sleep efficiency (P = 0.02) than patients with breast cancer.

Conclusion

Based on self-report, patients with breast cancer experience sleep disturbance more frequently and with greater severity than patients with prostate cancer. Objective measures of sleep disturbance suggest that prostate cancer patients have more severe sleep disturbance than breast cancer patients. All the patients experienced poor sleep quality and fatigue, which suggests that oncology patients need to be assessed for these symptoms.     

介入疗法配合三维适型放疗治疗肝癌15例临床护理

目的:探讨介入疗法配合三维适型放疗疗法肝癌患者的护理方法。方法:将采取介入治疗配合三维适型放疗的30例肝癌患者随机分为两组各15例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组在此基础上加强心理护理、饮食指导、康复指导及治疗期护理。比较两组患者的护理效果。结果:观察组副作用反应程度显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组满意度显著优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:加强临床护理可显著降低患者副作用反应程度,提高患者满意度。     

直肠癌术后复发患者行三维适形放疗加同步化疗的实验研究

目的：探讨三维适形放疗治疗直肠癌术后复发的优越性。方法：选取直肠癌术后复发需行放疗的患者60例,随机分为常规放疗组和三维适形放疗组,每组30例,两组均给予同步化疗,对比两组生存率、放化疗反应发生率及严重程度。结果：与常规放疗组比较,三维适形放疗组可明显提高患者第1,3年生存率（P〈0．05）,且可降低放射性皮肤反应,消化道、泌尿系放疗反应两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：对于术后复发的直肠癌患者行三维适形照射优于以往常规照射方式。     

护理工作中院内感染相关问题与对策

目的 :提出护理工作与院内感染相关问题与对策。方法 :通过监测 ,找出护理工作引起院内感染存在的问题及薄弱环节 ,并制定相应对策。结果 :建立严格的控制感染的管理制度 ,层层落实把关 ,主动和独立地判断出行之有效的预防措施。结论 :在感染管理工作中严格认真执行消毒、灭菌、无菌操作 ,最大限度地避免因护理工作失误而引起的医院内感染     

Changes in quality of life and its related factors in liver cancer patients receiving stereotactic radiation therapy

PURPOSE: Due to the increasing use of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in treating advanced liver cancer patients, the purpose of this longitudinal study was to explore the changes and factors related to quality of life (QOL) in patients receiving SRT treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Liver cancer patients receiving SRT in northern Taiwan were recruited. The patients were followed up during the baseline pre-SRT and the first 6 weeks of SRT (T0 to T6) in assessing functional status and symptom severity, while depression, selected laboratory data, and QOL were assessed every 3 weeks (T0, T3, and T6). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis was used to explore the significant factors related to the change in QOL. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients with advanced liver cancer completed seven interviews. The results showed that QOL during SRT was moderate and relatively stable. Performance functional status, depression, the level of albumin, and overall symptom severity were significantly associated with changes in QOL. A further analysis of the relationships between individual symptom severity and QOL revealed that fatigue, lack of appetite, pain, and nausea were the symptoms most affecting QOL across the 6 weeks of SRT. CONCLUSION: Liver cancer patients had stable and moderate levels of QOL during SRT. Factors related to QOL across the 6 weeks were multi-dimensional. Both overall symptom severity and selected individual symptoms were important to patients' QOL. These factors should all be carefully assessed and clinically treated to enhance liver cancer patients' QOL during SRT.     

Runaway implantable defibrillator--a rare complication of radiation therapy

A case of a patient with runaway implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) due to radiation therapy of a lung cancer is reported. This manifested as poorly tolerated wide complex tachycardia due to inappropriate rapid ventricular pacing, The event terminated with polymorphic VT, which inhibited pacing and ceased spontaneously before ICD discharge. The likely cause was corruption of device random access memory by ionizing radiation.     

前列腺癌半程调强放疗后调整计划对靶区和危及器官的影响

目的探讨后半程调整计划对前列腺癌肿瘤靶区和危及器官受照剂量的影响。方法前列腺癌患者30例,放疗前制定38次全程调强放疗计划（计划1）,放疗20次后重新定位勾画靶区继续照射18次（计划2）,比较2种计划中大体肿瘤靶区体积、直肠和膀胱受照剂量体积。结果计划1和计划2勾画的大体肿瘤靶区平均体积分别为71.82cm3、52.47cm3;2种计划中直肠50Gy剂量照射体积占总体积百分比（V50）、70Gy剂量照射体积占总体积百分比（V70）、平均剂量及膀胱V70、最大剂量比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论半程调强放疗后重新制定融合计划可缩小受较高剂量照射的直肠体积,降低膀胱最高受照剂量。     

院内感染存在的问题与对策

目的 提出护理工作与院内感染相关的问题与对策.方法 通过监测,找出护理工作引起院内感染存在的问题及薄弱环节,并制定相应对策.结果 建立严格的控制感染的管理制度,层层落实把关,主动和独立地判断出行之有效的预防措施.结论 在感染管理工作中严格认真执行消毒、灭菌、无菌操作,最大限度地避免因护理工作失误而引起的医院内感染.     

1例嗅神经母细胞瘤患者调强适形放射治疗的护理

嗅神经母细胞瘤是较少见的头颈部恶性肿瘤之一。通过手术和放射治疗可降低其局部复发率0%～40%,5年生存率最高达67%,是嗅神经母细胞瘤最有效的治疗手段[1]。调强适形放射治疗(intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)是目前放射治疗最先进的技术,它以直线加速器为