松辽盆地北部西斜坡青二段至姚一段四级层序格架内沉积微相分布

以松辽盆地北部西斜坡青山口组二段至姚家组一段高频层序地层为研究对象,研究各体系域内沉积体系充填类型和展布规律,利用地震、测井、岩心和古生物资料,建立松辽盆地西斜坡中青二段至姚一段四级层序格架;分析四级层序格架内沉积微相类型、沉积体形态及规模,确定沉积微相时空分布和演化特征。结果表明:青山口组二段划分为2个四级层序(Cg4、Cg3),青山口组三段划分为3个四级层序(Cg2、Cg1、Cg0),姚家组一段划分为1个四级层序(Cp1),各四级层序内均能识别出相应级次的湖泊扩张体系域和湖泊收缩体系域。研究区主要发育三角洲前缘河口坝、远砂坝、滨浅湖混合滩、砂滩和钙质浅滩沉积微相,富砂的三角洲前缘、滨浅湖砂质滩坝微相与富泥的滨浅湖混合滩微相在剖面上形成储盖组合;平面上,来源于四个物源方向的三角洲沉积体在青山口组二段的各体系域沉积时期逐渐向湖推进,与滨浅湖混合滩、泥滩微相共存,并新发育西北物源三角洲;青山口组三段沉积阶段三角洲沉积体规模明显缩小,以发育滨浅湖钙质浅滩微相为特征,Cp1时期三角洲再次向湖迁移,滨浅湖不断萎缩。该研究结果为研究区地层—岩性油气藏预测、评价提供依据。     

准噶尔盆地车排子地区白垩系沉积特征及演化

利用钻井、测井、录井和地震等资料,分析岩石结构构造和古生物,研究准噶尔盆地车排子地区白垩系沉积相发育特征.结果表明:研究区白垩系主要发育扇三角洲相和湖相,可以划分为扇三角洲平原﹑扇三角洲前缘和滨浅湖亚相,以及水上分流河道、漫滩沼泽、水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、席状砂、泥滩、滩坝微相.总体为滨浅湖沉积背景,西北部为隆起区,提供物源,向东、南方向逐渐演化为宽缓的斜坡,碎屑物质主要沉积于斜坡的滨浅湖区.从清水河组到连木沁组沉积范围不断往西南部扩大.受湖平面升降、气候变化、沉积物供给等因素的影响,扇三角洲砂体规模较小,滩坝砂体广泛发育,砂体紧靠生油凹陷,是油气聚集的有利场所,易于形成下生上储型油藏,是油气勘探的重要目标.     

东濮凹陷文南—刘庄地区沙二下亚段浅湖风暴沉积

风暴沉积是一种特殊的事件沉积,反映了区域特定时期的古地理环境和古气候变化.通过区域古地理研究和精细地层对比,探讨了东濮凹陷文南—刘庄地区沙二下亚段沉积时期浅湖风暴沉积证据及特征,在此基础上总结了风暴沉积模式.结果表明:沙二下亚段沉积时期湖盆沉积层序主要受气候条件控制,气候频繁变化导致风暴沉积广泛分布、多期发育;风暴沉积主要发育在湖侵体系域和高水位体系域,沉积早期发育在深水区,而到沉积晚期分布范围扩大;风暴沉积一般发生在每期砂组的边界附近,作为短期、等时的一种事件沉积,可以用来作为层序划分的辅助标志;研究区风暴沉积模式主要有Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类两种;Ⅰ类风暴沉积为类深水风暴沉积,发育A-D段沉积的类鲍马序列层序,但粒度要较深水风暴沉积细得多,多见于漫湖沉积环境相对深水区;Ⅱ类风暴沉积不发育Ⅰ类风暴的B和D段沉积;风暴流在风暴停止时越靠近湖盆中央,其沉积特征就越类似深水风暴沉积,反之则越类似Ⅱ类风暴沉积.     

冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡沙一下亚段地震沉积学

冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷蠡县斜坡因富含油气而备受关注,随着勘探程度的不断提高,岩性-地层油气藏成为蠡县斜坡增储上产的主要目标,明确砂体成因类型及其分布演化规律是油气高效勘探开发的关键。综合利用岩芯、测井和三维地震资料,开展了蠡县斜坡北段沙一下亚段地震沉积学研究。依据沙一下亚段顶、底界面T4和T42地震反射标志层以及内部T43地震反射标志层,将沙一下亚段划分为尾砂岩段和特殊岩性段。浅水三角洲成因的尾砂岩段可细分为浅水三角洲平原、浅水三角洲前缘(内前缘和外前缘)及前浅水三角洲等3种亚相类型;特殊岩性段以滩坝-湖泊沉积为特征,砂体类型主要为砂质碎屑岩滩坝,碳酸盐岩滩坝次之。尾砂岩段沉积时期,浅水三角洲体系在平面上表现出明显的分带性,浅水三角洲内前缘水下分流河道砂体分布范围广,最大推进距离达15km,是研究区的主力储层;从早到晚,伴随着湖平面逐步上升,西南部物源逐步占据主导地位,而北部物源影响范围减小。特殊岩性段沉积时期,湖平面迅速上升,浅水三角洲体系完全退出蠡县斜坡北段,沉积体系以滨浅湖—半深湖和滩坝沉积为特征,砂体类型主要为砂质碎屑岩滩坝,分布在研究区东部(面积约12km2),大多平行于湖岸线呈条带状展布。根据沉积学和地震沉积学研究,分别建立了研究区尾砂岩段和特殊岩性段时期的沉积模式,为下一步储层预测和油气勘探开发提供参考。     

沾化-车镇地区古近纪东营组沉积相特征及沉积演化

综合钻井、测井和古生物等资料,依据沉积学基本原理和方法,对济阳坳陷沾车地区古近纪东营组沉积相特征及空间展布进行研究。结果表明:沾车地区东营组发育冲积扇相、曲流河相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相、湖泊相、滩坝和湖底扇8种沉积相,以湖泊相为主。东营组三段盆地持续下陷,深湖相、滨-浅湖相发育,沉积范围广。东营组二段湖盆重新开始抬升,湖水收缩,沉积范围缩小,沉积相以滨浅湖相为主,伴有小规模的扇三角洲及滩坝沉积。东营组一段湖盆继续抬升,沉积范围进一步缩小,主要为冲积扇-河流沉积,凸起边缘发育一系列的冲积扇。     

低物源供给模式下沟谷—坡折体系控砂机制——以车排子凸起东翼白垩系呼图壁组为例

为明确车排子凸起东翼白垩系呼图壁组砂体分布的控制因素,在古地貌恢复基础上,综合利用测井、录井及三维地震资料,以沉积学和层序地层学理论为指导,探讨低物源供给模式下沟谷—坡折体系对砂体分布的控制作用。结果表明:在低物源供给模式下,研究区发育扇三角洲及滨浅湖滩坝两种成因砂体。扇三角洲砂体规模局限,主要充填于低位域时期形成的古沟谷;滨浅湖厚层坝砂在平面上的展布与坡折带的走向趋于一致,在垂向上主要发育于湖侵域及高位域早期。该成果对物源供给不足地区坡折带的储层预测具有指导意义。     

涠西南凹陷11-7区块流沙港组沉积体系构成及演化特征

基于岩心、测井、录井和化验分析资料对研究区流沙港组储层的沉积体系进行了分析。研究结果表明,流三段岩性发育
砂砾岩、含砾砂岩,分选、磨圆较差,同时,氧化色的泥岩发育显示滨浅湖的环境,沉积构造和粒度资料均显示发育碎屑流沉积,反
映出近源快速堆积的扇三角洲沉积特征;流二段发育厚层泥岩,为半深湖-深湖环境;流一段以辫状河三角洲沉积为主体,岩性粒
度较流三段稍偏细,前缘水下分流河道水动力较强,发育板状交错层理、槽状交错层理和平行层理以及波状层理等牵引流沉积构
造,同时前缘地带沉积物中发育丰富的重力流、浊流沉积物。流沙港组的湖盆沉积体系经历了一个扩张、鼎盛到萎缩的过程。流
三段沉积期为湖盆早期的扩张时期,流二段的巨厚层状的泥岩沉积时期为湖盆扩张的鼎盛时期,随后湖盆又开始逐渐萎缩进入流
一段沉积时期,在此过程中,沉积体系主体从扇三角洲演变至半深湖、深湖和辫状河三角洲。      

沾化凹陷孤北洼陷沙二段—沙三中亚段上部沉积体系分析

为明确沾化凹陷孤北洼陷沙二段—沙三中亚段上部砂体平面展布规律,确定物源方向及沉积边界,利用岩心、粒度、测录井和地震等资料分析该区沉积体系,研究沉积相展布规律。结果表明:研究区主要发育辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲、浪控三角洲、滩坝和湖泊等沉积相;物源主要来自北部、东部和南部,西部和东北部也有较弱物源注入;辫状河三角洲主要分布于东部和北部桩南鼻状构造带;扇三角洲主要呈窄条带状沿埕东凸起展布,分布范围有限;浪控三角洲分布于南部孤北鼻状构造带;滨浅湖发育于古隆起两侧的东西次洼,半深湖—深湖集中发育在西次洼中,沉积体系具有一定继承性。同时,沙二段沉积期因湖盆整体处于湖平面下降和上升转折期,主要发育滩坝沉积相。该研究对提高研究区沉积相类型及展布规律识别的准确度、发掘深部地层及新探区具有指导意义。     

洛阳龙门地区寒武系第三统张夏组碳酸盐岩风暴沉积类型及遗迹化石特征

洛阳龙门地区出露连续的寒武系第三统张夏组碳酸盐岩,层内发育大量的风暴沉积构造,是研究碳酸盐岩风暴沉积的良好剖面。研究区发育了6种典型的风暴相关沉积构造,根据风暴岩的沉积序列,识别出5种风暴沉积岩;研究了该区风暴沉积中遗迹化石,依据遗迹化石的分布特征以及镜下特征,划分出了3个风暴沉积序列层段,识别出6个遗迹属,建立了研究区遗迹化石的风暴沉积分布模式图,得出了研究区沉积环境演化规律。      

箕山中寒武统张夏组下段风暴岩特征浅见

通过详细观察登封箕山中寒武统张夏组下段碳酸盐岩的沉积特征,分析研究了梁庄地质剖面的沉积序列,对其古地理进行分析,提出张夏组下段碳酸盐岩中的砾屑灰岩为风暴沉积岩。该风暴岩主要发育在广阔的陆表海环境。     

Beach Morphology and Coastline Evolution in the Southern Bohai Strait

The beach studied in this paper spans a length of 51 km and is one of several long sandy beaches in the southern Bohai Strait. Due to the obstruction of islands in the northeast and the influence of the underwater topography, the wave environment in the offshore area is complex; beach types and sediment transport characteristics vary along different coasts. The coastlines extracted from six aerial photographs in different years were compared to demonstrate the evolving features. Seven typical beach profiles were selected to study the lateral beach variation characteristics. Continuous wind and wave observation data from Beihuangcheng ocean station during 2009 were employed for the hindcast of the local wave environment using a regional spectral wave model. Then the results of the wave hindcast were incorporated into the LITDRIFT model to compute the sediment transport rates and directions along the coasts and analyze the longshore sand movement. The results show that the coastline evolution of sand beaches in the southern Bohai Strait has spatial and temporal variations and the coast can be divided into four typical regions. Region(I), the north coast of Qimudao, is a slightly eroded and dissipative beach with a large sediment transport rate; Region(II), the southwest coast of Gangluan Port, is a slightly deposited and dissipative beach with moderate sediment transport rate; Region(III), in the central area, is a beach that is gradually transformed from a slightly eroded dissipative beach to a moderately or slightly strong eroded bar-trough beach from west to east with a relatively moderate sediment transport rate. Region(IV), on the east coast, is a strongly eroded and reflective beach with a weak sediment transport rate. The wave conditions exhibit an increasing trend from west to east in the offshore area. The distribution of the wave-induced current inside the wave breaking region and the littoral sediment transport in the nearshore region exhibit a gradual weakening tendency from west to east, which is opposite to the trend of the wave conditions outside the breaking region. The presence of submerged shoal(Dengzhou Shoal), deep trough(Dengzhou Channel), islands and irregular topography influnces the wave climate, beach types, wave-induced current features, littoral sediment transport trends and coastline evolution patterns in the southern Bohai Strait. Human activities, such as the sand exploitation of Dengzhou Shoal and other coastal engineering projects, also influence the beach morphology and coastline evolution.     

苏北盆地张家垛油田阜三段储层特征及主控因素

利用岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及阴极发光等,研究苏北盆地张家垛油田阜三段.结果表明:该储集层岩石类型主要由泥岩、粉砂岩及薄层细砂岩组成;砂泥岩呈互层分布,存在大量泥质条带和生物扰动构造,其中以泥岩、粉砂岩最为发育;粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、杂基内微孔隙是主要孔隙类型,其中粒内溶孔最为发育;研究区为浅湖亚相沉积,发育坝砂、滩砂和浅湖泥沉积微相,沉积相带、成岩因素是影响研究区储集层物性的重要条件.阜三段储层主要以坝砂为主,其次是滩砂;坝砂粒度较粗,杂基含量低,粒间孔、溶孔发育,砂体厚度大,储集性能好,而滩砂粒度较细,杂基含量高,微孔发育,胶结作用弱,砂体厚度薄,物性相对较差.     

Marine Ingressive Events Recorded in Epicontinental Sequences: Example from the Cretaceous Songliao Basin of NE China in Comparison with the Triassic Central Europe Basin of SW Germany

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准噶尔盆地西北缘车—拐地区三叠系沉积相特征

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井和录井资料分析,以及单井沉积相、剖面沉积相研究,结合研究区的构造背景和沉积环境,分析沉积相特征.结果表明:准噶尔盆地西北缘车—拐地区三叠系主要发育砾岩和砂岩;三叠系的主要物源来自研究区西北角,次要物源来自研究区西部C45井以西.该区百口泉组主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲沉积,冲积扇由研究区西北部向东南部延伸,克拉玛依组在继承百口泉组沉积特征的基础上,主要发育由西北向东南方向的扇三角洲前缘亚相沉积;白碱滩组在继承克拉玛依组沉积特征的基础上,主要发育扇三角洲前缘亚相及浅湖亚相沉积.三叠系由早期到晚期的水进沉积特征控制了研究区优质储层的分布.     

纯化油田湖相滩坝薄储层含油性差异及控制因素

纯化油田滩坝储层岩性复杂,泥岩、砂岩和碳酸盐岩呈薄层状频繁互层,不同储层的物性差异明显。综合运用岩心、测井、扫描电镜、物性实验和生产动态等资料,对储层含油性差异及控制因素进行了研究。结果表明:研究区发育坝、砂质滩、颗粒滩、泥晶滩及浅湖泥5种微相,物源、成岩作用、沉积微相和储层厚度均对储层含油性有控制作用。优质储层在垂向上有分层性,纯上砂层组砂岩储层优于纯下砂层组碳酸盐岩储层,其中成岩作用改造作用明显,钙质胶结使砂岩物性变差,溶蚀作用使鲕粒灰岩孔渗性优于泥晶灰岩;平面上有分区性,与沉积微相密切相关,坝、砂质滩最好,颗粒滩次之,泥晶滩最差;同一相带内又受储层厚度影响,厚度越大产油越好。     

鄂尔多斯盆地吴堡地区长6段浊积特征及其石油地质意义

在介绍鄂尔多斯盆地吴堡地区延长组长6段沉积特征的基础上,探讨了该储层物性特征、浊积岩特征、浊积岩分布规律及其对油藏的影响,明确了浊流沉积的石油地质意义.结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地吴堡地区长6段以发育长石砂岩为主,填隙物成分有方解石、绿泥石、白云母以及少量的石英加大、长石加大等,砂岩储集层孔隙结构具有很强的非均质性;吴堡地区长6期湖盆沉降趋于稳定,是三角洲的高建设时期;多水系、多物源的三角洲前缘沉积为深湖浊积扇沉积提供了充足的物质基础;在吴堡地区东北部三角洲前缘水下分流河道前端发育深湖浊积扇沉积,可区分出中心微相和边缘微相两个沉积微相带,其中浊积扇中心微相以细砂岩、粉砂岩与暗色泥岩呈砂泥互层;从平面上看,浊积岩砂体非均质性在侧向上逐渐变弱,砂体底部发育厚度较大、成熟度较高的暗色湖相沉积的烃源岩,深湖相的暗色泥岩含有丰富的烃源岩,而浊积岩砂体是由深湖相的暗色泥岩构成,孔渗物性好的区域易于形成良好的上倾尖灭的透镜状岩性油藏.     

Influence of Headland Breakwaters on Morphological Processes at Longfengtou Beach in Haitan Bay,Facing the Taiwan Strait

Breakwaters can be used as artificial headlands in beach nourishment to mitigate coastal erosion. Longfengtou Beach, located on the southwest coast of Haitan Bay facing the Taiwan Strait on the northeast, suffers severe erosion, where the monsoon causes significant season hydrodynamic variations. Headland breakwaters are intended to be employed to mitigate coastal erosion. A 2D sediment transport model is established using MIKE21 based on current-wave coupling and calibrated by measured data. Summer and winter wave conditions are chosen as characteristic weak and strong waves respectively. The numerical results of suspended sediment concentration and seasonal morphological evolution are compared under the conditions with and without the headland breakwaters. Sediment transport in summer can be regarded as mainly determined by current field, while in winter wave effect is strong enough to change current field. The northern breakwater, nearly perpendicular to the ebb current direction, obstructs the currents and decreases velocity of the ebb currents, and confines the water carrying sediments within the protection area during the flood period. The southern breakwater also breaks the waves in advance and significantly reduces the hydrodynamic effects during the flood period and maintains high suspended sediment concentration in the protection area. In general, two headland breakwaters decrease the erosion near the beach and enlarge the deposition area, which play a significant role in prevention of sediment loss in nearshore area and mitigate coastal erosion.     

Application of the Static Headland-Bay Beach Concept to a Sandy Beach: A New Elliptical Model

The headland-bay beach is one of the most common coastal types in the world.Its morphology reflects the changes that occurred during long-term evolution of the sandy coast.Several headland-bay beach models have been proposed to simulate the coastline’s configuration in equilibrium.In this paper,a new elliptical model is proposed,described,and applied.On the east coast of Laizhou Bay in Shandong Province from Longkou Port to Diaolongzui,four typical headland-bay beaches have developed,and four headland-bay beach models are used in this paper to simulate the morphology of these beaches to assess the applicability of each model.The simulation results of the elliptical model verify that it is applicable to the study area.In addition,the elliptical model is easy to use.Through simulation and field investigations,we concluded that most of the coastal segments in this area will remain in an erosion state,and the human activity has a significant impact on the shoreline’s evolution.