挤压态ZK60镁合金棒材的热变形行为

采用MMS-200热力模拟试验机对挤压态ZK60镁合金棒材进行热压缩实验,为ZK60镁合金热压缩变形时合理选择参数范围提供理论指导。分析应变速率、变形温度和流变应力之间的关系;构建ZK60镁合金流变应力本构方程;采用金相显微镜观察微观组织演化规律。结果表明:峰值应力随着应变速率的提高和变形温度的降低而增大,且真应力-真应变曲线中表现出动态再结晶的特征;在给定参数下,通过本构方程计算得到ZK60镁合金的变形激活能Q为128.91kJ/mol,应力指数n为4.8519;降低变形温度、提高应变速率有助于减小再结晶晶粒的平均尺寸。     

基于平面应变热模拟的3Cr2Mo钢板材动态再结晶动力学分析

采用平面应变法研究3Cr2Mo钢板材动态再结晶过程。在Gleeble-3500模拟试验机上进行平面应变热模拟试验,应变速率为0.1～50 s-1,热变形温度为950～1 100℃。用平滑处理后的流变应力数据分析热变形过程中动态再结晶的演化过程,结合平面应变实验数据回归推导得到动态再结晶的激活能为309.05 kJ/mol。引入Zener-Hollomon参数,基于流变应力曲线,分析峰值应变的模拟方程。根据不同应变速率和温度下的流变应力结果,研究3Cr2Mo钢的动态再结晶转化过程,用Avrami方程建立动态再结晶动力学方程。通过动态再结晶转化体积分数实验数据和模型计算值的对比,验证了构建的动态再结晶动力学方程可较好地预测平面应变过程中的动态再结晶过程。     

AZ80镁合金热变形本构方程

在变形温度为533～683K,应变速率为0.001～10s~(-1)条件下,采用热拉伸实验方法测试AZ80镁合金的真实应力-应变曲线,分析应力-应变曲线的变化规律及AZ80镁合金热变形时的微观组织变化规律。结果表明,在一定变形温度条件下,应变速率越高,动态再结晶发生的越充分,再结晶晶粒尺寸越小;在应变速率为0.01s~(-1)时,随着变形温度升高,动态再结晶程度提高;依据Arrhenius本构方程形式,确定适合于AZ80镁合金热变形的本构关系模型,该本构关系模型的相对误差小于18.5%。     

基于45钢热变形中动态再结晶行为的本构模型

金属材料塑性变形应变积累量达到某一临界值后诱发的动态再结晶会降低流变应力,金属材料的再结晶临界条件及其动力学与形变条件密切相关。基于45钢形变温度在450~850℃,应变速率在0.1~30 s-1范围内的热模拟压缩试验数据,采用Poliak-Jonas法研究再结晶临界应变(εc)与形变条件参数Z之间的关系,以εc为应力应变曲线上的分界点,分别基于E-M方程和再结晶动力学,构建有、无动态再结晶发生时45钢变形的本构模型。结果表明模型预测值与试验结果吻合良好。     

Al-Mg-Si合金热压缩变形的流变应力方程

为了给制定和优化热加工工艺参数提供理论依据,采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机研究了含锆Al-Mg-Si合金在变形温度为653~803 K、变形速率为0.01~10s^-1条件下的热压缩变形的流变应力行为,并通过回归法建立材料变形的流变应力数学模型.结果表明：该合金为正应变速率敏感材料,真应力-真应变曲线存在明显的稳态流变特征;流变应力随着变形速率的增加以及变形温度的降低而增加;在较低变形温度条件下,真应力〖CDF*3〗真应变曲线为动态回复曲线;在较高变形温度条件下真应力-真应变曲线为动态再结晶曲线.该合金流变应力σ可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener Hollomon参数的函数来描述,式中A、α和n的值分别为1.89×10¹⁰s^-1、0.024MPa^-1和7.46,热变形激活能Q为166.85kJ/mol.     

石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的热变形本构方程研究

采用热模拟实验机对石墨烯增强7075铝合金复合材料进行高温热压缩实验,变形温度为300～450℃、应变速率为0.001～1 s^-1,分析其在不同应变速率及温度条件下的高温流变应力特征,并以实验数据为基础,通过函数拟合确定包含应变、应变速率和温度等变形参数的双曲正弦本构方程。研究结果表明：铝基复合材料热压缩变形时流变应力随应变增加迅速增大,达到峰值应力后略有下降且出现锯齿状波动;给出的双曲正弦本构方程可以较好地描述流变应力与应变、应变速率及温度之间的关系,计算值与实验值吻合良好。     

Cr8合金钢热变形行为及位错密度演变规律

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对Cr8合金钢在变形温度为900～1200℃、应变速率为0.005～5s~(-1)条件下进行热压缩试验,并对热变形后的试样进行X射线衍射试验,研究了Cr8合金钢的热变形行为及位错密度演变规律。基于试验得到的数据,建立了考虑位错密度演变及包含多参数的两段式本构模型。结果表明:在低应变速率下,Cr8合金钢真应力-真应变曲线具有典型的动态再结晶特征;Cr8合金钢热变形激活能Qact为423.41 kJ/mol,本构模型的计算值与试验值数据吻合较好;在试验条件下,Cr8合金钢的总位错密度均达到10~(14)cm~(-2)以上,总位错密度随应变速率增加、变形温度减小而增加。     

均匀化对Mg-9Gd-3Y镁合金热压缩变形的影响

通过对比不同状态下变形镁合金GW93(Mg-9Gd-3Y-0.5Zn-0.5Zr)热压缩变形下组织与性能的变化关系,从而了解其变化的机理.实验研究铸态和均匀化态下该合金在350～450 ℃、0.001～0.1s-1、最大应变70%条件下的压缩行为.分析了两种状态下的应力应变曲线和显微组织演变过程.结果表明:铸态合金显微组织由α-Mg和Mg5Gd,Mg24Y5组成,经过均匀化处理后,α-Mg等轴晶的晶尺寸变大,晶界处的Mg5Gd,Mg24Y5相大部分溶解于基体中,只剩少量的非平衡相未溶解;随应变速率的增加,两种状态下的流变应力均先增加,达到峰值后降低,最后保持不变.两者相比较,均匀化态具有更高的峰值流变应力、稳态应力和发生动态再结晶的临界应变.铸态试样热压缩后基本上发生了完全再结晶,晶粒尺寸明显细化;而均匀化试样热压缩后只在晶界处发生了部分动态再结晶.     

AZ31镁合金轧制弱基面织构板材热变形行为研究

本文采用AZ31镁合金轧制弱织构板材进行热拉伸行为研究。使用Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机,在变形温度为300℃～420℃、应变速率为0.001 s^-1～1.0 s^-1的条件下,进行高温拉伸试验,研究了变形参数对真实应力-应变曲线和样品微观组织的影响。同时,利用Arrhenius本构模型建立了本构方程,并依据试验结果绘制了热加工图。结果表明：合金的峰值应力和对应应变值随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低而不断减小。随着温度的升高,动态再结晶晶粒的体积分数明显减小,合金平均晶粒尺寸变大。当应变速率为0.1 s^-1,同时在低温(300℃, 340℃)时,合金发生完全动态再结晶,晶粒细小且分布均匀。另外,镁合金轧制弱织构板材的激活能Q为170.98 kJ/mol,且最佳热变形区域为变形温度300℃～350℃及应变速率0.01 s^-1～0.1 s^-1。     

碳化硅颗粒增强6168铝基复合材料热变形本构关系

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机研究碳化硅颗粒增强6168铝基复合材料(SiCp/6168Al)在变形温度为340~540 ℃、应变速率为0.001~10 s-1、真应变为0.7的条件下的热变形行为。结果表明:应变速率和变形温度对流变应力有明显的影响,在应变速率相同的条件下,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,相同的变形温度下,随应变速率的增加,流变应力也随之升高。采用双曲正弦模型求解SiCp/6168Al复合材料在不同真应变ε下的材料常数,并使用5次指数函数拟合出n、lnA、α和Q与真应变ε的关系式,建立流变应力σ与真应变ε的本构方程。利用该方程可以计算任意变形条件下的流变应力,该模型能较好地反映该复合材料的实际热变形行为。       

含稀土的23Cr型双相不锈钢的高温变形行为

利用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机在950-1200℃,应变速率为0.1-10s-1条件下进行了含稀土的23Cr型双相不锈钢的热压缩变形,获得了流变曲线,建立了热变形方程,分析了变形组织。结果表明：在流变曲线上既存在峰值应力也有稳态应力;在高温低应变速率条件下,峰值应变减小。上述变形条件下,试验钢的热变形激活能Q=436kJ/mol,表观应力指数n=3.91,热变形方程为：ε=2.41×1016[sinh（0.012σs）]3.91exp （-436000/RT）。奥氏体的动态再结晶在试验钢的动态软化机制中起主导作用且随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低越来越充分;而大应变下,铁素体的软化主要表现为较充分的动态回复。稀土元素影响了热变形时两相中Mo元素的再分配是稀土改善双相不锈钢高温塑性的重要原因之一。稀土使Mo在铁素体中浓度较低温度下降低,高温下升高;而奥氏体相中,使得Mo浓度在较低温度下升高而高温下降低。     

三种Mg—Gd—Y系合金显微组织分析

为了进-步研究不同热处理状态对Mg-Gd-Y系合金显微组织的影响,采用光学显微镜（（）M）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析了Mg-20Gd、Mg-20Y和Mg-9Gd-3Y合金恒温处理前后的微观组织与相组成．研究结果表明：Mg-20Gd、Mg-20Y和Mg-9Gd-3Y合金在室温的平衡态显微组织分别是0t-Mg＋GdMg5、0t-Mg＋Mg24Y5和a-Mg＋GdMg5＋Mg24Y5;实验合金在520℃8h＋300。C144h恒温处理后,Mg-20Gd合金中有平衡相GdMgs和非平衡相Mg3Gd,其中析出相为MgGds;Mg-20Y合金中有平衡相Mg2aYs,其中析出相是Mgz-Ys;Mg-9Gd-3Y合金中有平衡相GdMg5、Mg24Y5和非平衡相Mg2Gd,析出相为GdMg5与Mg24Y5．     

Deformation behavior and microstructure of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy during hot deformation

The hot deformation behavior and microstructures of Al-7055 commercial alloy were investigated by axisymmetric hot compression at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 450°C and strain rates from 10-2 to 10 s-1,respectively.Microstructures of deformed 7055 alloy were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The dependence of peak stress on deformation temperature and strain rate can be expressed by the hyperbolic-sine type equation.The hot deformation activation energy of the alloy is 146 kJ/mol....     

Constitutive Modeling and Dynamic Recrystallization Mechanisms of an Ultralow-carbon Microalloyed Steel During Hot Compression Tests

The hot deformation behavior of an ultralow-carbon microalloyed steel was investigated using an MMS-200 thermal simulation test machine in a temperature range of 1 073-1 373 K and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s~(-1).The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing deformation temperature or decreasing strain rate.The strain-compensated constitutive model based on the Arrhenius equation for this steel was established using the true stress-strain data obtained from a hot compression test.Furthermore,a new constitutive model based on the Z-parameter was proposed for this steel.The predictive ability of two constitutive models was compared with statistical measures.The results indicate the new constitutive model based on the Z-parameter can more accurately predict the flow stress of an ultralow-carbon microalloyed steel during hot deformation.The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) nucleation mechanism at different deformation temperatures was observed and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and strain-induced grain boundary migration was observed at 1 373 K/0.01 s~(-1).     

Research on constitutive equation of DIWA353 steel used in hemisphere head of power station nearby recrystallization temperature

To simulate the DIWA353 steel used in boiler nearby recrystallization temperature accurately by using finite element,the high temperature constitutive model of this material must be researched firstly....     

温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响

在应变量为0.6（ε=0.6）、不同温度（523~723 K）和应变速率（0.001~10 s-1）条件下,利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对铸态ZK60镁合金进行热压缩变形行为的研究,分析变形温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响规律,即在相同应变速率条件下,随着变形温度的升高,合金的峰值应力降低。在相同温度条件下,随着应变速率的增大,合金的流变应力增大。计算其应变速率敏感指数m值为0.14和表观激活能Q值为226~254 kJ/mol。研究表明,在温度为573~673 K、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1时,合金发生动态再结晶。     

Effect of twinning on flow stress during initial stage of hot compression of twin roll cast Mg-5.51Zn-0.49Zr alloy

A Thermecmastor-Z hot deformation simulator,optical microscopy,XRD and TEM were employed to characterize the flow stress behavior and microstructure of twin roll cast ZK60 magnesium alloy during initial stage of hot compression at elevated temperature of 300 ℃ and 400 ℃ and a given strain rate of 10-2s-1.The results suggest that flow stress drop during initial stage of hot compression at 300℃,generally led by dynamic recrystallization,is attributed to twinning,correspondingly to dynamic recrystallization as...     

Microstructure and flow stress of Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy

The microstructure and flow stress of the Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy was investigated by compression test at temperatures ranging from 350 to 500 ℃ and the strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 20 s-1. The flow stress of the magnesium alloy increased with strain rate and decreased with deformation temperature. Flow stress can be expressed in terms of the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z, which describes the combined influence of the strain rate and temperature using an Arrhenius function.The values of the deformation activation energy were estimated to be 245.9 and 171.5 kJ/mol at deformation temperatures below 400 ℃ and above 400 ℃, respectively. Two constitutive equations were developed to quantify the effect of the deformation conditions on the flow stress of the magnesium alloy. The effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the microstructure of the magnesium alloy were also examined and quantified by measuring the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grain Xd. Xd increased with increasing of deformation temperature. When the deformation temperature was below 475 ℃, Xd decreased with strain rate until it reached 0.15 s-1, then it increased again. When the deformation temperature was above 475 ℃, Xd increased with strain rate.     

Flow stress behavior and processing map of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy during hot compression

The hot deformation behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag was studied by isothermal hot compression tests in the temperature range of 573-773 K and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s^-1 on a Gleeble 1500 D thermal mechanical simulator. The results show the flow stress of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy increases with strain rate and decreases after a peak value, indicating dynamic recovery and recrystallization. A hyperbolic sine relationship is found to correlate well the flow stress with the strain rate and temperature, the flow stress equation is estimated to illustrate the relation of strain rate and stress and temperature during high temperature deformation process. The processing maps exhibit two domains as optimum fields for hot deformation at different strains, including the high strain rate domain in 623-773 K and the low strain rate domain in 573-673 K.