高效液相色谱法测定比格犬血浆中罗格列酮的血药浓度

目的　建立血浆中罗格列酮及其代谢产物的定量测定方法 ,为药物代谢研究提供技术手段。方法　采用高效液相色谱方法 ,ZorbaxODS(5 μm ,15 0× 4 .6mm)色谱柱 ,甲醇 - 0 .0 5mol·L-1乙酸钠溶液 (pH6 .0 ) (4 6∶5 4 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长为2 4 7nm ,血浆样品经碱化乙酸乙酯提取 ,以内标法峰面积定量。结果　检测下限 0 .0 5 μg·ml-1,方法线性范围为 0 .0 5～ 10 .0 0 μg·μml-1;在 0 .1、0 .5、2 .5、5 .0 μg·ml-1四种浓度平均回收率为 80 .4 5 % ;日内、日间平均RSD分别为 0 .98%、2 .2 8%。结论　该方法灵敏度高 ,专一性强 ,可满足药代动力学研究的要求。     

离子对-HPLC法测舒脉注射液中盐酸培他啶的含量

目的　建立离子对 -HPLC法测定舒脉注射液中盐酸培他啶含量的方法。方法　采用HypersilODS2色谱柱 (4 .6×2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;以甲醇 - 1 0mmol·ml-1 醋酸钠溶液 (含有 5mmol·ml-1 庚烷磺酸钠 ,0 .2 %三乙胺 ,用冰醋酸调pH至 3.0 ) ,(4 0∶6 0 )为流动相 ;流速 1 .0ml/min ;检测波长 :2 6 0nm ;柱温为室温。结果　离子对 -HPLC法测定盐酸培他啶的线性范围为 2 1～ 1 0 5 μg·ml-1 ;相关系数 r=0 .9997;日内精密度 RSD =1 .5 % ,日间精密度 RSD =2 .6 % (n=5 ) ;平均回收率为 98.0 %。结论　本法简便、准确、专属性好     

HPLC法同时测定复方尼泊金乙酯醇溶液中二种组分的含量

目的　建立HPLC法同时测定复方尼泊金乙酯醇溶液中尼泊金乙酯及尼泊金甲酯含量的方法。方法　以ODSHypersil(5 μm ,2 0 0mm× 4 .6mm)为色谱柱 ,0 .0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 (KH2 PO4)溶液 -甲醇 -磷酸 (5 0∶5 0∶0 .4 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 5 5nm。结果　一次进样即可完成两种组分的含量分析 ,线性范围 :尼泊金乙酯为 3.0 2 4～ 30 .2 4 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9999) ;尼泊金甲酯为1.0 2 2～ 10 .2 2 μg·ml-1(r=0 .9999)。平均回收率为 :尼泊金乙酯 99.4 5 % ,RSD =0 .4 8% (n =6 ) ;尼泊金甲酯 99.6 7% ,RSD=0 .72 % (n =6 )。结论　本方法快速、准确 ,分离度好。可用于该醇溶液中两种组份的含量测定。     

反相离子对HPLC法测定晕宁贴膏中氢溴酸东莨菪碱的含量

目的　建立晕宁贴膏的含量测定方法。方法　采用ODSC18色谱柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ,以甲醇 -水 (含 0 .0 2 5mol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠及 0 .0 5mo1·L-1醋酸钠 ,以醋酸调pH =4 .6 ,) (4 5∶5 5 ) ,为流动相 ;流速 :1.0ml/min ;检测波长 :2 2 7nm ;柱温 :室温 ;外标法测定。结果　氢溴酸东莨菪碱在 1.32～ 13.2 μg范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9999) ;平均回收率 99.0 7% ,n =6 ,RSD为 0 .5 8% ;重现性试验RSD为 0 .5 0 %。结论　此方法简便、快速、准确 ,可作为晕宁贴膏的含量测定方法。     

HPLC法测定湿疹净中霜公藤吉碱和苦参碱的含量

目的　建立湿疹净喷雾剂的质量控制标准。方法　采用HPLC法同时测定样品中雷公藤吉碱和苦参碱的含量。色谱条件 :HypersilODS色谱柱 (4.6× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相 :乙腈 - 0 .0 2mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠水溶液 (6∶4 ) ;流速 1ml/min ;检测波长2 10nm ;柱温 2 0℃ ;进样量 1～ 6 μl。结果　线性范围分别是 :雷公藤 0 .6 2 4～ 3.74 4 μg ,r =0 .9995 ;苦参碱 0 .88～ 5 .2 8μg,r =0 .9996。平均回收率 :雷公藤吉碱为 97.4 % ,RSD =1.5 1% ;苦参碱为 97.5 % ,RSD =1.15 %。结论　本方法测定结果准确、灵敏、重复性好     

高效液相色谱法测定手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量

目的　测定手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量。方法　采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为KromasilC1 8柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ;磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH6 .8取 0 .2mol·L-1 磷酸二氢钾溶液 2 5 0ml,加 0 .2mol·L-1 氢氧化钠溶液 1 1 8ml,用水稀释至 1 0 0 0ml,即得 ) -四氢呋喃 (99∶1 )为流动相 ,流速 :1 .0ml/min ;检测波长 2 6 0nm。结果　腺苷在 0 .0 4～ 0 .4 μg范围内具有良好线性关系 ,平均回收率为 97.6 1 % ,RSD =1 .2 8%。结论　该法可用于手参肾宝胶囊中腺苷的含量测定     

高效液相色谱法测定异维倍克气雾剂中丙酸倍氯米松含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定异维倍克气雾剂中丙酸倍氯米松含量的方法。方法　IntersilC18色谱柱 (4 .6mmID×2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相 :乙腈 -水 (6 7∶33) ;流速 :1.5ml/min ,检测波长 :2 39nm。 结果　丙酸倍氯米松的理论板数为 5 6 0 0 ,回归方程Y =2 .2 6 7× 10 6X - 0 .3435 ,r=0 .9999,线性范围 4 7.6 0～ 2 38.0 μg·ml-1,平均回收率为 10 0 .1% ,RSD1.2 %。最低检出浓度约为 0 .1μg·ml-1。结论　该法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,可用于测定异维倍克气雾剂中丙酸倍氯米松的含量。     

高效液相色谱法测定螺内酯片的含量

目的　建立螺内酯片剂中含量和降解产物的高效液相色谱法。方法　以DiamonsilTM(钻石 )C18(5 μm ,15 0× 4 .6mm)色谱柱为固定相 ,以 0 .0 2mol·L-1磷酸氢二铵 -乙腈 (4 5∶5 5 )为流动相 ,流速为 1.0ml/min ,检测波长为 2 5 4nm。结果　螺内酯与其他杂质峰可完全分开 ,螺内酯在浓度 5 0 .4～ 2 5 2 .0 μg·ml-1范围内与色谱峰峰面积呈良好线性关系 ,相关系数为 0 .9999,平均加样回收率为 99.7% ,RSD =1.3% (n =9)。结论　此方法操作简便、快速、重现性好 ,可有效地控制其产品质量。     

HPLC法测定黄柏石膏散中盐酸小檗碱含量

目的　建立测定黄柏石膏散中盐酸小檗碱含量的高效液相色谱法。方法　色谱柱 :IntersilC18柱 (4 .6mmID× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相 :水 -乙腈 (6 9∶31) ,用 0 .5 %三乙胺、磷酸调pH至 3.0 ;检测波长 35 0nm ;流速 :1ml/min。 结果　盐酸小檗碱的理论板数为 5 6 0 0。回归方程Y =- 2 .4 2 5 +0 .0 0 0 0 0 114 2X ,r =0 .9998。线性范围 5 1.2 0～ 2 5 6 .0 μg·ml-1。平均回收率为 10 1.4 % (n =5 ) ,RSD为 1.2 %。结论　该法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,可用于黄柏石膏散中盐酸小檗碱含量测定     

反相高效液相色谱法测定多维软咀嚼片中维生素C含量

目的　建立多维软咀嚼片中维生素C含量测定及稳定性指示分析方法。方法　采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱 :HypersilC1 8柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm) ;流动相 :0 .0 0 5mol·L-1 磷酸二氢钾溶液 (用磷酸调pH至 3.6 ) ;流速 :1 .0ml/min ;柱温 :2 5℃ ;检测波长 :2 4 6nm。结果　维生素C在 4 .1 8～ 836 .0 μg·ml-1 范围内呈良好线性 ,r =0 .9999(n =6 ) ,日内精密度小于 1 .0 % (n =5 ) ,平均回收率为 (1 0 0 .3± 1 .6 ) % ,最低检测限为 2 0ng。结论　本方法灵敏、准确、重现性好、操作简单 ,可作为多维软咀嚼片中维生素C含量测定及稳定性指示分析方法 ,以控制药物质量     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.