罗氏沼虾养殖技术规范

罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergu)养殖技术的综合标准,具体分为①亲虾;②人工繁殖技术;③幼虾培育技术;④食用商品虾饲养技术;⑤虾苗运输技术．该综合标准适用于罗氏沼虾的人工繁殖和养殖生产．     

3种沼虾的16S rRNA基因序列分析

为从分子角度理解3种沼虾,即罗氏沼虾、日本沼虾和祁连沼虾的遗传差异,为沼虾资源的管理、保护和合理开发利用提供理论基础,采集了每种沼虾各2尾样本,采用PCR的方法扩增了其线粒体16S rRNA基因片断并测序。比对后共获得了3种沼虾的297 bp的16S rRNA片断序列,共检测到47个变异位点,总变异率为15.8%。3种沼虾的平均碱基含量分别为T(37.7%)、C(10.9%)、A(29.8%)和G(21.6%)。罗氏沼虾种内个体间序列差异为3%。祁连沼虾和日本沼虾种内个体间差异均为0.7%,且两者种间差异很小,为0～0.7%。罗氏沼虾与祁连沼虾、日本沼虾之间的序列差异在13.1%～14.8%之间,种间差异明显。系统进化树显示罗氏沼虾自成一枝,而日本沼虾和祁连沼虾共同构成另一枝,日本沼虾和祁连沼虾的遗传距离小于5%,结果提示日本沼虾和祁连沼虾有很近的亲缘关系,两者也许是亚种关系。     

白斑综合症杆状病毒对对虾和罗氏沼虾致病性的研究

对比研究白斑综合症杆状病毒对斑节对虾、日本对虾、南美白对虾和罗氏沼虾的致病性，其生产养殖结果表明：第一次在廉江龙营围虾场养殖的南美白对虾，在养殖了27天以后开始爆发白斑综合症病毒病，患病的南美白对虾、斑节对虾、日本对虾病症相同，其甲壳特别是头胸壳具有白色斑点。养殖的罗氏沼虾没有出现病症。人工感染实验结果表明：白斑综合症杆状病毒能引起南美白对虾90％左右的死亡率，引起罗氏沼虾大约50％的死亡率。电镜观察结果表明：这三种对虾感染的病毒都是白斑综合症杆状病毒。     

低盐度胁迫对罗氏沼虾行为的影响

在室内环境条件下,选取规格状态一致的罗氏沼虾进行实验,平均质量为5.32±0.20 g,平均体长为6.13±0.20 cm,研究不同盐度(0,2,4,6,8,10,14)对其摄食行为等生物学特性的影响。实验结果表明,罗氏沼虾的寻食时间随着盐度的升高而增加,但在盐度在6以上时,罗氏沼虾的寻食时间变化不大。随着盐度的升高,罗氏沼虾的摄食时间而出现显著降低的趋势(P0.05)。而罗氏沼虾的摄食次数与运动时间却随着盐度的升高而出现下降的趋向,但当养殖水体的盐度超过10,其摄食次数会明显受到影响;在盐度小于6的条件下,运动时间受到的影响比较小。另外,通过实验观察发现,在低盐度胁迫下,罗氏沼虾的蜕皮次数较淡水组明显减少,而且蜕壳时受到的攻击频率也降低,相残率得到有效控制。     

罗氏沼虾原肌球蛋白基因的克隆表达及变应原性鉴定

通过NCBI查找到罗氏沼虾原肌球蛋白的mRNA,根据其CDS区域设计特异引物,通过反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)克隆出目的基因片段,测序后将该片段克隆到原核表达载体 pET-28a 上,转化到 E. coli BL21(DE3)和E. coli Rosatta后,经异丙基-B-D-硫代乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达,用Ni2+亲和层析柱对重组变应原进行纯化.采用免疫印迹检测其与对虾过敏患者血清的 IgE 结合活性.对罗氏沼虾变应原进行了表达、鉴定及纯化,成功地获得了具有变应原活性的重组罗氏沼虾原肌球蛋白,为罗氏沼虾过敏性疾病的诊断、治疗奠定了基础.     

盐度对罗氏沼虾代谢率的影响

测定了4个盐度水平(0‰,3‰,6‰,12‰)下罗氏沼虾雌雄成虾在饥饿状态下的耗氧率和排氨率．结果表明,随着盐度的增高,罗氏沼虾雌雄成虾耗氧率和排氨率都有增高趋势,在3‰盐度时,罗氏沼虾的耗氧率和排氨率最低;在同一盐度水平下,雌虾的耗氧率和排氨率较雄虾高．     

蛹虫草菌丝对罗氏沼虾免疫功能的影响

在罗氏沼虾饵料中添加w=1%、2%、3%蛹虫草菌丝能提高罗氏沼虾血清PO活力、肌肉SOD活力、 GSH-Px活力,并同时降低MDA含量.经嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后,实验组的免疫保护率也明显提高.结果证明,蛹虫草菌丝可提高罗氏沼虾的免疫能力,增强抗嗜水气单胞菌的能力.     

罗氏沼虾的养殖技术

一、概况罗氏沼虾(Macro brachium rosenbergii DeMan)又称马来西亚大虾,淡水大虾,简称罗虾,是印度洋太平洋地区的一种热带经济淡水虾类,以其个体大闻名于世。1961年、1962年华裔科学家林绍文在马来西亚渔业研究所进行罗虾人工繁殖成功,开拓了罗虾人工养殖的道路。从此,罗虾养殖开始引起国际水产养殖界的重视,先后有20多个国家引进试养。70年代初,在夏威夷解决大量培苗的技术问题,池塘亩(666m~2)产达200-225公斤。1970年我     

罗氏沼虾养殖现状及其发展前景

罗氏沼虾又名马来西亚大虾,或淡水长臂大虾。原产于印度洋——太平洋沿岸的热带亚热带国家的沿海河口咸淡水交汇处。最大个体体长60厘米,体重可达600——900克,其躯体体大可与海水龙虾媲美,是目前世界上最大的淡水虾之一。该虾具有生长快,食性杂,可食部分多,营养丰富,肉味鲜美等优点。虾肉含蛋白质18.17%,脂肪只有1.97%,是一种很好的低脂蛋白源。罗氏沼虾原生长于天然水域中,1961年美籍华人林绍文博士在马来西亚取得了人工繁殖成功,确立了人工育苗和养殖技术。被先     

罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)血细胞的分类与组成

目的:对罗氏沼虾的血细胞进行分类,研究各类血细胞的组成情况.方法:从罗氏沼虾心脏取血制血涂片,经瑞氏染色后光镜观察.结果:根据血细胞的形态、核质比、细胞质颗粒的大小与分布以及染色情况,可将罗氏沼虾的血细胞分为:①透明细胞,其胞质中无明显颗粒,核质比大;②半颗粒细胞,其胞质中含有明显的颗粒,颗粒大小不均,分布不均匀,核质比小;③颗粒细胞,其胞质中含有明显的颗粒,颗粒大小均一,分布均匀,核质比小.结论:罗氏沼虾的血细胞可分为透明细胞、半颗粒细胞和颗粒细胞3类,它们在血细胞中所占比例依次为:颗粒细胞<半颗粒细胞<透明细胞.     

耐盐碱油菜品种选育及修复利用盐碱地研究进展

 中国有1.0×10⁸ ha盐碱地资源,其中0.33×10⁸ ha有开发利用潜力。修复、利用盐碱地有重要的经济、生态和社会效益。经过10多年的研究,华中农业大学选育出耐盐碱甘蓝型油菜“华油杂62”等品种,在中国滨海盐碱地和内陆盐碱地均能生长良好,可收获青鲜油菜4.5×10⁴~7.5×10⁴ kg/ha,也可翻耕作绿肥。耐盐碱油菜具有“利用”与“改良”盐碱地相结合的特色,是改良利用盐碱地最有优势的大田作物。利用耐盐碱油菜、农牧结合等综合措施,是修复、利用盐碱地经济有效、可持续发展的途径。     

农民晋升为超市创业家历程研究——以温州超市创业商帮为例简

1998年迄今，温州市永嘉县数万农民在中国各地开了一万多家中小型超市，这是一个地区性农民商帮群体创业现象。研究此商帮发展的阶段，得出永嘉超市商帮的发展历程经过了以下阶段：农村务农→外出弹棉花→包柜台→开小百货店→超市创业经营。     

Trend of China land water storage redistribution at medi- and large-spatial scales in recent five years by satellite gravity observations

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite gravity mission has provided a new method to study land water mass redistribution at medi- and long-spatial scales in recent years. We estimate continental water mass redistribution in China using GRACE observations during 2003 to 2007. The results show some large regions with increase or decrease of land water mass storage in the central northern region, Tibetan Plateau, the Three Gorges region, the place where Qinghai, Sichuan and Gansu provinces meet, and the Altun Mountains region in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In the first two regions, it is obvious that water (ice) mass storages are decreasing. Water mass in the central northern region decreases at a linear rate of 2.4 cm/a equivalent water height, equal to 5.2 billion cubic meters per year during the five years’ period, and water mass depletion in Hebei Province is ∼ 4.5 billion cubic meters per year in the same period, which is consistent with the average water mass depletion of 4.0 billion cubic meters per year of overused underground water in the recent 30 years estimated by Hebei Province Water Resources Bureau. Furthermore, GRACE can detect the water mass accumulation of ∼ 5 cm equivalent water height within the region spreading over about 0.12 million square kilometers due to the Three Gorges dam construction in June 2003. We also find a water mass gain of ∼ 1.1 cm/a in the areas where Qinghai, Sichuan and Gansu provinces meet. This indicates that the climate of these regions has been becoming gradually humid in recent years. Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-202), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40674038), and Program of Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Geodesy of Ministry of Education of China     

水温对罗氏沼虾和青虾心率及组织中镁的影响

罗氏沼虾的心率随水温的降低而变化,在17℃时只有79次 min,为30℃的1 3;其血清Mg的含量随水温的降低而升高,肌肉中Mg有降低的趋势,但差异不明显。青虾心率在水温从24℃到17℃时,无明显改变;血清Mg随水温的降低而升高,但变化幅度小于罗氏沼虾。     

物种的及时发现:以中国苦苣苔科植物为例

近年来,中国发现了越来越多的新物种。本研究以苦苣苔科为例,从历史的角度和调查的动态趋势来探讨这些工作,进一步研究物种发现率随时间的变化趋势。目前已知中国分布的苦苣苔科植物有44属,其中最后新增加的一个属是奇柱苣苔属Deinostigma,而中国至少约有647种苦苣苔科植物被报道。过去,新物种的发现率相对稳定,平均每年约有3个新分类群被描述,但在20世纪80年代出现明显峰值,当时平均每年有17～18个新物种被描述和报道,这主要归功于王文采的工作。另外,最近新分类群的猛增发生在过去10年里,而且这个趋势似乎仍在继续,在60多位不同学者的努力下,平均每年有17个新种被发现和报道。这项研究表明,目前中国新种发现和报道的速度大大加快,这可能反映出植物学家对中国存在的巨大植物多样性的认识有了进一步的提升。     

An analysis of the spatial and temporal changes in Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service functions

Since Westman(1977) and Ehrlich(1982) put forward the concepts of "the service of nature" and "ecosystem service functions",respectively,methods for conducting value accounting for them,and their practical application have become the subjects of intense study.Based on an overview of available research findings,we discuss three scientific hypotheses.First,the terrestrial ecosystem offers both positive and negative service functions.Second,changes in terrestrial ecosystem service functions lie not only in the number of ecosystem types and the coverage area of each type,but also in their quality.Third,the value of terrestrial ecosystem service functions should be assessed both in terms of the value stocked and the value added.We collected land use data from China during the period 1999-2008,and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data based on remote sensing images from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies for the same period.We then calculated and analyzed spatial and temporal changes in China’s terrestrial ecosystem service values over the 10-year period.Considering temporal change,the total value(stocked) of China’s terrestrial ecosystem service functions decreased from 6.82 trillion Yuan RMB in 1999 to 6.57 trillion Yuan RMB in 2008.During that period,the positive value decreased by 240.17 billion Yuan RMB and the negative value increased by 8.85 billion Yuan RMB.The decrease in total value lies mainly in the humidity control,soil formation,and waste recycling functions.The total value(added) of China’s terrestrial ecosystem service functions increased by 4.31 billion Yuan RMB in 2000,but decreased by 0.13 billion Yuan RMB in 2008(based on the constant price of China in 1999).The value(added) was a negative figure.From the perspective of spatial change,we can see that the supply of China’s terrestrial ecosystem service functions fell slightly over the past 10 years,mainly in Northeast and Southern China.As a result of human activities on ecosystems,the loss of ecosystem service functions’ value was relatively prominent in Shanxi and Gansu provinces,compared with an increase in value in Shaanxi Province.Terrestrial ecosystem service functions’ value per unit area was relatively high in mid-and East China,showing a prominent spatial change over the 10-year period,but low in Western China.Some conclusions are drawn after an in-depth analysis of the factors causing the spatial and temporal changes in China’s terrestrial ecosystem service functions,in the hope that our suggestions will be helpful for the management of China’s terrestrial ecosystems.     

Pleistocene precession forcing of the upper ocean structure variations of the southern South China Sea

The precession plays a dominant role in driving the tropical monsoon variations. Our high resolution, millennial scale marine isotope records from ODP Site 1143 in the southern South China Sea (SCS) present the detailed history of the upper ocean structure variations over the past 1.56 Ma on glacial/interglacial timescale. The cross spectral analyses between the Earth's orbital variations and the isotopic differences reveal a high coherency between the East-Asian-monsoon-related thermocline and nutricline variations of the SCS and the precession. The variations of monsoon-related isotopic difference between species also demonstrate periodicities of 11-, 12- and 14- thousand years near semi-precession which originates in the tropics, highlighting the importance of the precession in driving the east Asian monsoon changes.     

Phytolith assemblages and their implications from cal soils of Yingyang site in Dengfeng County, Henan Province

Conclusions The macro-environment of the region and the site agriculture interpreted from the phytolith assemblages at Yingyang site are as follows: i)In the mid-late period of Yangshao Culture five thousand years ago, the regional climate of Dengfeng County is warm and wet; ii)In the mid-late period of Yangshao Culture, rice farming may have been practised in the region.     

Advances in Arabidopsis research in China from 2006 to 2007

Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant species, has a number of advantages over other plant species as an experimental organism due to many of its genetic and genomic features. The Chinese Arabidopsis community has made significant contributions to plant biology research in recent years[1,2]. In 2006, studies of plant biology in China received more attention than ever before, especially those pertaining to Arabidopsis research. Here we briefly summarize recent advances in Arabidopsis re-search in China.