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1.
A blood biomarker of omega-3 fatty acid intake and tissue status could serve as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular
disease. The percentage of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA ≥ 20 carbons and ≥3 double bonds) in the total HUFA
pool (the n-3 HUFA score) was examined as a potential blood biomarker of omega-3 fatty acids in tissues. The fatty acid composition
of total lipid extracts (TLE) and phospholipid (PL) fractions were determined for plasma and erythrocytes samples of human
subjects (n = 20) and the n-3 HUFA score and the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were compared. Omega-3
fatty acids in blood and tissues of rats (n = 31) and pigs (n = 48) were also determined and the associations were compared. The n-3 HUFA score is more consistent across plasma and erythrocytes,
with strong correlations between TLE and PL in plasma (r = 0.93) and erythrocytes (r = 0.94). The n-3 HUFA score was less variable and blood levels correlated strongly with various animal tissues. The n-3 HUFA
score is a useful blood biomarker that does not require the isolation of the PL class thereby supporting high throughput analyses.
The strength of association between the n-3 HUFA score and disease risk needs to be examined. 相似文献
2.
Aftab Kandhro S. T. H. Sherazi S. A. Mahesar M. I. Bhanger M. Younis Talpur Sarfraz Arain 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2008,85(11):1057-1061
The fat contents of 12 brands of biscuits were extracted and evaluated for free fatty acids (FFA) and their fatty acid composition
(FAC). The oil content and FFA varied from 13.7 to 27.6% and 0.2 to 1.0%, respectively. The FAC was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass
spectroscopy with particular emphasis on trans fatty acids (TFA). Total saturated, unsaturated, cis-monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were determined in the range of 37.9–46.9, 53.0–62.0, 12.3–43.7 and 0.1–9.2%,
respectively. The high amount of TFA was observed in all biscuit samples and varied from 9.3 to 34.9%. The quantity and quality
of the lipid fraction of the biscuits indicated that the all analyzed biscuits are a rich source of fat, saturated fatty acids
and trans fatty acids, consequently not suitable for the health of consumers. The high content of trans fatty acids and palmitic acid also indicated that blends of RBD palm oil and partially hydrogenated oil had been used in
the biscuit manufacturing. 相似文献
3.
The presence oftrans fatty acids in human milk may be a concern because of their possible adverse nutritional and physiological effects on the
recipient infant. The mother's diet is the source of human milktrans fatty acids, and since these fatty acids are prevalent in many common foods of the Canadian diet, thetrans fatty acid content and the fatty acid composition of Canadian human milk were measured by gas-liquid chromatography coupled
with silver nitrate-thin layer chromatography. In samples obtained from 198 lactating mothers across Canada, the average percentage
of totaltrans (sum oft18∶1,t18∶2, andt18∶3) was 7.2% of breast milk fatty acids with a range of 0.1–17.2%. Analysis oft18∶1 isomer distribution indicated that partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are the major source of thesetrans fatty acids in human milk, whereas contribution from dairy products appeared to be relatively minor. Linoleci and α-linolenic
acid levels were inversely related to the totaltrans fatty acids, indicating that the elevation oftrans fatty acids in Canadian human milk is at the expense of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids. Levels of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic
acids did not correlate with their parent fatty acids, indicating that it might be difficult to elevate the levels of n-6
and n-3 C20–22 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk by increasing levels of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in the mother's diet. 相似文献
4.
Consumption of c9,t11-18:2 or t10,c12-18:2 enriched dietary supplements does not influence milk macronutrients in healthy, lactating women 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Substantial research suggests that the t10,c12–18:2, but not the c9,t11–18:2, isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces milk fat synthesis in lactating bovine and rodent species. Because
fat is the major energy-yielding component in human milk, we were interested in whether this is true for women as well. Thus,
the effects of c9,t11–18:2 and t10,c12–18:2 on milk fat were examined in breast-feeding women (n = 12) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with latin-square design. The study was divided into six periods:
baseline (3 days), three intervention periods (5 days each), and two washout periods (9 days each). During each intervention
period, women consumed 750 mg/day of a supplement containing predominantly c9,t11–18:2, t10,c12–18:2, or 18:1 (olive oil placebo). Milk was collected by complete breast expression on the final day of each period. Infant
milk consumption was estimated by 24 h weighing on the penultimate day of each intervention and washout period, and maternal
adiposity (% body fat) was determined at baseline using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Milk c9,t11–18:2 and t10,c12–18:2 concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) during the corresponding CLA treatment periods as compared to the placebo period, providing strong evidence of subject
compliance. Both CLA isomers were transferred into milk fat at relatively high efficiency; average transfer efficiency was
estimated to be 23.3%. Compared to the placebo treatment, milk fat content was not reduced during either CLA treatment. Data
indicate that body fatness did not modify any putative effect of isomeric CLA consumption on milk fat concentration. The evidence
from this study suggests that the sensitivity of lactating women’s mammary tissue to an anti-lipogenic effect of the t10,c12–18:2 isoform of CLA may be less than previously hypothesized. 相似文献
5.
Trans fatty acid composition and tocopherol content in vegetable oils produced in Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. A. Medina-Juárez N. Gámez-Meza J. Ortega-García J. A. Noriega-Rodriguez O. Angulo-Guerrero 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2000,77(7):721-724
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trans fatty acid (TFA) composition and the tocopherol content in vegetable oils produced in Mexico. Sample oils were obtained from
18 different oil refining factories, which represent 72% of the total refineries in Mexico. Fatty acids and TFA isomers were
determined by gas chromatography using a 100-m fused-silica capillary column (SP-2560). Tocopherol content was quantified
by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using an ultraviolet detector and a LiChrosorb Si60 column (25 cm).
Results showed that 83% of the samples corresponded to soybean oil. Seventy-two percent of the oils analyzed showed TFA content
higher than 1%. Upon comparing the tocopherol contents in some crude oils to their corresponding deodorized samples, a loss
of 40–56% was found. The processing conditions should be carefully evaluated in order to reduce the loss of tocopherols and
the formation of TFA during refining. 相似文献
6.
Supplemental Conjugated Linoleic Acid Consumption Does Not Influence Milk Macronutrient Contents in all Healthy Lactating Women 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The term “conjugated linoleic acid” (CLA) refers to a group of positional and geometric isomers that are derived from linoleic
acid and are found primarily in meat and milk products from ruminant animals. Due to the array of putative benefits associated
with various forms of CLA, there has been recent interest in supplementing human diets with these fatty acids especially when
weight loss is desired. However, in many animal models, CLA has been shown to decrease milk fat production. There is some
concern, therefore, that maternal CLA supplementation during lactation might inadvertently decrease nutrient supply to the
nursing infant. However, there is only limited research on the effect of CLA consumption on milk fat content in women. Based
on previously published work from our laboratory, we hypothesized that CLA supplementation would reduce the milk fat percentage
in lactating women in a dose-dependent manner. Breastfeeding women (n = 12) were assigned randomly to treatments of 4 g/day safflower oil (SFO), 2 g/day CLA plus 2 g/day SFO, or 4 g/day CLA in
a double blind, 3 × 3 Latin square design. Conjugated linoleic acid supplements contained approximately equal amounts of cis9,trans11–18:2 and trans10,cis12–18:2; the two most common isoforms of CLA. Milk was collected by complete breast expression on the last day (day 5) of
each intervention period and analyzed for macronutrient and fatty acid composition. On day 4 of each intervention period,
infant milk consumption was estimated by 24 h weighing of the infant. Washout periods were 9 days in length. We observed a
dose-dependent increase in the concentrations of cis9,trans11–18:2 and trans10,cis12–18:2 in the milk fat. However, we detected neither a change in overall macronutrient composition nor infant milk consumption.
These data do not support those obtained from animal models or our previous human work suggesting that consumption of CLA
mixtures necessarily reduces milk fat. It is possible that either (1) the interpretation of our previously published data
should be reevaluated, and/or (2) there are important intra- and inter-species differences in this regard. 相似文献
7.
The trans fatty acid (TFA) patterns in the fats of ruminant meat and dairy products differ from those found in other (processed) fats.
We have evaluated different TFA isomers in human breast milk as an indicator of dietary intake of ruminant and dairy fats
of different origins. Breast milk samples were collected 1 month postpartum from 310 mothers participating in the KOALA Birth
Cohort Study (The Netherlands). The study participants had different lifestyles and consumed different amounts of dairy products.
Fatty acid methyl esters were determined by GC-FID and the data were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA), ANOVA/Post
Hoc test and linear regression analysis. The two major principal components were (1) 18:1 trans-isomers and (2) markers of dairy fat including 15:0, 17:0, 11(trans)18:1 and 9(cis),11(trans)18:2 (CLA). Despite similar total TFA values, the 9(trans)18:1/11(trans)18:1-ratio and the 10(trans)18:1/11(trans)18:1-ratio were significantly lower in milk from mothers with high dairy fat intake (40–76 g/day: 0.91 ± 0.48, P < 0.05) compared to low dairy fat intake (0–10 g/day: 1.59 ± 0.48), and lower with strict organic meat and dairy use (>90%
organic: 0.92 ± 0.46, P < 0.05) compared to conventional origin of meat and dairy (1.40 ± 0.61). Similar results were obtained for the 10(trans)18:1/11(trans)18:1-ratio. We conclude that both ratios are indicators of different intake of TFA from ruminant and dairy origin relative
to other (including industrial) sources. 相似文献
8.
Trans FA (TFA) have at least one trans double bond and comprise several isomers and types, including many of the CLA (e.g., c9, t11–18∶2 CLA). Some TFA may have adverse effects (e.g., cardiovascular disease), whereas some are though to have beneficial
effects (e.g., anticarcinogenicity). The presence of TFA in human tissues and fluids is related to dietary intake, although
this relationship is not completely understood—especially in regard to serum lipid fractions. This study was conducted as
part of an investigation designed to test the influence of butter (B), “low TFA” margarine (LT), and regular margarine (RM)
on milk fat content. Here we tested the secondary hypothesis that consumption of B, LT, and RM by lactating women would result
in differential distribution of TFA and CLA in major serum lipid classes. Breastfeeding women (n=11) participated in this randomized Latinsquare study consisting of five periods: intervention I (5 d), washout I (7 d),
intervention II (5 d), washout II (7 d), and intervention III (5 d). Extracted serum lipid was separated into cholesterol
ester (CE), TAG, and phospholipid (PL) fractions and analyzed for total and isomeric TFA and CLA concentrations. Data indicate
that TAG consistently contained the highest concentration of total t-18∶1. No interaction between treatment and fraction was found for any of the t-18∶1 isomers identified. Absolute concentration of each t-18∶1 isomer was greatest during the RM period, regardless of fraction. On a relative basis, concentrations of t10–18∶1 and t12–18∶1 were most responsive to treatment in the CE fraction. The concentration of c9, t11–18∶2 CLA was highest in the TAG fraction and lowest in the PL fraction, regardless of treatment. In summary, these results
indicate (i) that there is a differential distribution of some isomeric TFA and CLA among human serum lipid fractions and
(ii) that dietary TFA intake influences absolute and relative concentrations of some of the isomers in selected fractions. 相似文献
9.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) dietary intakes and tissue levels are positively associated with various health
benefits. The development of cost efficient, high throughput methodologies would enable research in large clinical and population
studies, and clinical fatty acid profiling. Microwave heating for the transesterification of blood fatty acids was examined.
Samples were collected by venous puncture and fingertip prick onto chromatography paper. Aliquots of serum, plasma, erythrocytes
and whole blood were prepared from venous blood. Boron trifluoride in methanol was used for transesterification but sample
preparation and heating varied. Fatty acid determinations and markers of omega-3 fatty acid status including the sum of eicosapentaenoic
acid and docosahexaenoic acid, the ratio of total n-3 PUFA to n-6 PUFA, and the percentage of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty
acids (HUFA, ≥20 carbons and ≥3 carbon–carbon double bonds) in total HUFA were compared. Quantitative determinations indicate
that microwave transesterification results in significantly lower estimates of monounsaturates and polyunsaturates, possibly
through incomplete transesterification of triacylglycerols. However, qualitative estimates of omega-3 fatty acid status were
relatively similar. Fingertip prick blood collection combined with direct transesterification by microwave may be a very rapid
method to estimate omega-3 fatty acid status for selected applications.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
10.
G. R. List K. Warner P. Pintauro M. Gil 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(5):497-501
Partially hydrogenated soybean oils (90–110 IV) were prepared by electrochemical hydrogenation at a palladium/cobalt or palladium/iron
cathode, moderate temperature (70–90 °C) and atmospheric pressure. The trans fatty acid (TFA) contents of 90–110 IV products ranged from 6.4 to13.8% and the amounts of stearic acid ranged from 8.8 to
15.4% (the higher stearic acid contents indicated that some reaction selectivity had been lost). The solid fat values and
melting point data indicated that electrochemical hydrogenation provides a route to low-trans spreads and baking shortenings. Shortenings produced by conventional hydrogenation contain 12–25% trans fatty acids and up to 37% saturates, whereas shortening fats produced electrochemically had reduced TFA and saturate content.
Electrochemical hydrogenation is also a promising route to low-trans spread and liquid margarine oils. Compared to commercial margarine/spread oils containing 8–12% TFA, the use of electrochemical
hydrogenation results in about 4% TFA.
Names are necessary to report factually an available data: the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product,
and the use of the name USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. 相似文献
11.
J. R. E. Rasoarahona P. A. R. Ramanoelina J.-P. Bianchini E. M. Gaydou 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2008,85(5):435-440
Muscle lipids and fatty acids (FA) of catfish Arius madagascariensis were determined in catfish caught in the Betsiboka River, Madagascar, during a 5-month sampling period. Total lipids from
muscle were extracted and quantified. Fatty acids were identified by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of FA methyl
esters and FA pyrrolidides, leading to the identification of 42 FA. Lipid content was relatively high in our fish sample and
ranged from 4.3 to 6.6% of wet muscle. Three FA dominated the FA composition: palmitic acid (C16:0, 22.9–32.6%), oleic acid
(C18:1n-9, 11.3–13.4%) and stearic acid (C18:0, 10.8–12.0%). A number of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were present in appreciable
amounts, including arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6, 4.7–7.6%), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:4n-6, 3.0–8.1%), eicosapentaenoic acid
(C20:5n-3, 0.6–1.0%), n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3, 1.1–1.6%), n-6 docosatetraenoic acid (C22:4n-6, 0.7–1.2%) and n-6
docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6, 0.9–1.8%). The sum of the n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA was 11.3–18.8 and 7.5–13.4%, respectively.
These results indicate that A. madagascariensis, an abundant freshwater fish in Madagascar rivers, may be good source of dietary PUFA. 相似文献
12.
Hyun H. Oh Keum T. Hwang Min K. Shin Hee K. Lee Sung Z. Kim 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(6):549-555
Seed and oil contents, and fatty acid compositions of oils of 20 caneberries grown in Korea were determined. Fatty acid compositions
of the oils were analyzed using GC for the extracted and methylated oils from the berry seeds. The seeds comprised 4–10% (w/w)
of the wet berries and accounted for 26–62% of the dry berries. Moisture and oil contents of the berry seeds were 8–17 and
13–28% (dry basis), respectively. More than 90% of the total fatty acids in the oils from the berry seeds were unsaturated.
Linoleic and linolenic acids comprised 49–70 and 13–34%, respectively, of the oils in the berry seeds. 相似文献
13.
This study presents the FA composition and trans FA (TFA) contents of different hydrogenated vegetable oils and blended fats marketed in Pakistan. Thirty-four vanaspati (vegetable
ghee), 11 shortenings, and 11 margarines were analyzed. The contents of saturated FA, cis monounsaturated FA, and cis PUFA were in the following ranges: vanaspati 27.8–49.5, 22.2–27.5, 9.3–13.1%; vegetable shortenings 37.1–55.5, 15.8–36.0,
2.7–7.0%; and margarines 44.2–55.8, 21.7–39.9, 2.9–20.5%, respectively. Results showed significantly higher amounts of TFA
in vanaspati samples, from 14.2 to 34.3%. Shortenings contained TFA proportions of 7.3–31.7%. The contents of TFA in hard-type
margarines were in the range of 1.6–23.1%, whereas soft margarines contained less than 4.1% TFA. 相似文献
14.
Robert L. Wolff Jean-Louis Sebedio 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1991,68(10):719-725
The fatty acid compositions of 20 samples of low-calorie spreads marketed in France have been examined by gasliquid chromatography
(GLC) of their isopropyl esters on a fused silica capillary column coated with 100% cyanopropyl polysiloxane. Spreads containing
linolenic acid at a level of 2.3% or higher (5 out of the 20 samples under study) also containtrans- 18:3 isomers. These were identified, after fractionation of their isopropyl esters by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on
silica-gel plates impregnated with AgNO3, by GLC on two capillary columns of different polarities and comparison of their equivalent chain lengths with those of authentic
standards. Identifications were supported by GLC/mass spectrometry of the dimethyl esters resulting from ozonolysis in BF3/methanol of the monoenes isolated by AgNO3-TLC after hydrazine reduction of 18:3 isomers. 9c,12c,15t-18:3 and 9t,12c,15c-18:3 were found to be the most abundant 18:3 isomers in the spreads, with small amounts of 9c,12t,15c-18:3. These isomers occurred in the relative proportions 52–55, 41–42 and 4–6%, respectively. These proportions are independent
of the origin of the sample. The tentatively identified 9t,12c,15t-18:3 also occurred in some instances. In 2 of the spreads, total geometrical isomers of linolenic acid accounted for 0.9–1%
of the total fatty acids (up to 28% of the total 18:3n-3 fraction). The presence of 18:3n-3 geometrical isomers in the spreads
is likely due to rapeseed or soybean oils that were deodorized under rather harsh conditions before these were blended with
other fats or oils. Partial hydrogenation of these oils may also contribute to accumulation of the same linolenic acid isomers
in the spreads. 相似文献
15.
M. Charef Mohamed Yousfi M. Saidi P. Stocker 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2008,85(10):921-924
The fruits of two plants from Algeria (Quercus and Pistacia lentiscus) were investigated. The paper reports the chemical characteristics and the fatty acid composition of the oil extracts from
the fruits. The black fruits of P. lentiscus has the highest crude fat of 32.8%, followed by the red fruits with 11.7%, and the lowest value of 9% in Quercus (acorn). The acid value was highest in red fruits of P. lentiscus oil (24.0 mg KOH/g), followed by the black fruits oil and lowest in acorn oil. The relatively high iodine value in the oils
indicates the presence of many unsaturated bonds. Saponification value was highest in the Quercus ilex oil (166.7 mg KOH/g), while the lowest value was in the black fruits of P. lentiscus oil. Gas-liquid chromatography revealed that the three dominant fatty acids found are: palmitic C16:0 (16.3–19.5%), oleic
C18:1 (55.3–64.9%), linoleic C18:2 (17.6–28.4%). The oils contain an appreciable amount of unsaturated fatty acids (78.8–83.5%). 相似文献
16.
Robert L. Wolff Dietz Precht Joachim Molkentin 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1998,75(6):661-671
This study presents an in-depth, critical survey of the current knowledge about trans- 18:1 acid content and profile in human milk lipids. Emphasis is placed on the analytical methods employed to quantitate
trans- 18:1 acids, most of which lead to imprecise quantitative data. It is demonstrated that data obtained by single gas-liquid
chromatography (GLC) on polar capillary columns are underestimates by 25–40%. Several experiments indicate that the total
content of trans-18:1 acids in human milk is directly related to the quantities ingested the previous day(s), provided no gross weight loss
occurs during breast-milk feeding. Equations have been proposed to describe this relationship, and apparently the percentage
of trans-18:1 isomers, relative to total fatty acids, is approximately three-fourths the quantity (in g) ingested by lactating mothers.
That is, the determination of the trans-18:1 acid percentage in human milk is a convenient means to estimate trans-18:1 acid consumption by corresponding populations. Adapted methods (i.e., silver-ion thin-layer chromatography, coupled
with GLC on long polar capillary columns) allow accurate quantitation of most individual trans- 18:1 acids, more particularly of the trans-Δ16 isomer. This determination, along with a knowledge of the distribution of individual isomers in ruminant fats and partially
hydrogenated oils, is a convenient means to estimate the relative contribution of these two dietary sources to the distribution
of individual trans-18:1 isomers in human milk lipids. A comparison of human milk and infant formulas is made with regard to trans-18:1 acid content and profile. Important differences are noted between data from European countries and from North America. 相似文献
17.
Total triglycerides in medium (MEAR) and low (LEAR) erucic acid cultivars of rapeseed were fractionated by argentation chromatography
into twelve and ten fractions, respectively. Gas liquid chromatography of the fatty acids in the triglyceride fractions and
their 2-monoglycerides was used to evaluate the structural characteristics of the individual fractions. Fractionation occurred
on the basis of degree of unsaturation, molecular weight and positional characteristics. The most mobile fractions contained
34–50% of saturated fatty acids while the less mobile had 59–65% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the medium erucic acid
oil, long chain fatty acids (C20–C22) were found in all fractions, but four fractions of low erucic acid oil were essentially
free of long chain acids. Two of these fractions in the latter oil, which represented 44% of the total triglycerides, were
glycerol trioleate and dioleoyllinoleoylglycerol. The majority of the 2-positions were occupied by unsaturated C18 fatty acids,
generally in the order of linoleic ≥linolenic> oleic acids. The saturated and long chain fatty acids occurred predominantly
in the 1-and 3-positions. The various fractions of medium and low erucic acid oils were similar in structural composition
except that eicosenoic and erucic acids substituted for oleic acid in some external positions. Erucic acid did not appear
to substitute directly for oleic acid in the 2-position. 相似文献
18.
The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation in combination with fat from vegetable versus animal
origin on the fatty acid deposition, including that of individual 18:1 and 18:2 (conjugated and non-conjugated) isomers, in
the liver and muscle of obese rats was investigated. For this purpose, 32 male Zucker rats were randomly assigned to one of
four diets containing palm oil or ovine fat, supplemented or not with 1% of 1:1 cis(c)9,trans(t)11 and t10,c12 CLA isomers mixture. Total fatty acid content decreased in the liver and muscle of CLA-fed rats. In the liver, CLA increased
saturated fatty acids (SFA) in 11.9% and decreased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in 6.5%. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFA) relative proportions were increased in 30.6% by CLA when supplemented to the ovine fat diet. In the muscle, CLA did
not affect SFA but decreased MUFA and PUFA percentages. The estimation of Δ9-indices 16 and 18 suggested that CLA inhibited
the stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity in the liver (a decrease of 13–38%), in particular when supplemented to the ovine fat
diet. Concerning CLA supplementation, the t10,c12 isomer percentage was 60–80% higher in the muscle than in the liver. It is of relevance that rats fed ovine fat, containing
bio-formed CLA, had more c9,t11 CLA isomer deposited in both tissues than rats fed palm oil plus synthetic CLA. These results highlight the importance
to further clarify the biological effects of consuming foods naturally enriched in CLA, alternatively to CLA dietary supplementation. 相似文献
19.
S-J. Kang M. C. A. Timmins R. G. Ackman 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1998,75(11):1667-1672
Liver oils from Atlantic and Pacific dogfish (Squalus acanthias) have been compared for lipid classes, fatty acids of the total oil and of important lipid classes, and details of the alkyl
chains in the 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol ethers (DAGE). In general there were few striking differences, confirming the view of biologists
that these sharks are one species. The Pacific dogfish liver oil had a higher content (41.2%) of DAGE than the oil from Atlantic
dogfish (18.2%). Both oils had all common and expected fatty acids in the proportions usual for marine oils, but they differed
in the eicosenoic chains of the glycerol ethers (GE). The Pacific oil was unusual in having low but similar proportions of
two alkyl chain isomers, 20:1n-11 and 20:1n-9. The Atlantic oil was very high in the 20:1n-11 isomer, which is usually lower
than 20:1n-9 in the fatty acids of most regional marine oils. Unexpectedly, the DAGE of both oils had further unusual 20:1
isomer proportion in the GE chain, with 20:1n-7 >20:1n-9. Minor oddities in the fatty acids may reflect different basic food
sources.
Presented in part at the 84th Annual Meeting of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Atlanta, GA, May 8–12, 1994. 相似文献
20.
Maylet Hernández-Martínez Tzayhri Gallardo-Velázquez Guillermo Osorio-Revilla 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2011,88(10):1485-1495
In this study, the fatty acid profile of 42 margarines marketed in Mexico was identified and quantified including the total
trans fatty acids (TFA). The ratio of the sum of cholesterol-lowering fatty acids CLFA (cis-oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids) to the sum of cholesterol-raising fatty acids CRFA (C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, TFA)
and the ω6/ω3 ratio were calculated to evaluate the nutritional quality of the margarine samples. The results showed that
the high content of C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 fatty acids in some samples indicated the use of coconut and palm oils instead
of partially hydrogenated fatty acids in order to decreased TFA content. Of the samples, 33% had less than 1 g/100 g of fat
which could be considered as “free from TFA” according to the Danish Legislation. The ω6/ω3 ratio ranged between 5.85:1 and
25.85:1, the ideal relation being 5–10:1. The CLFA/CRFA ranged from 0.46 to 3.10, being the recommended ratio as high as possible.
Of the 42 margarines, only five samples had an acceptable fatty acid profile, that is, low TFA and saturated fatty acids,
high monounsaturated fatty acids content and adequate ω6/ω3 and CLFA/CRFA ratios. 相似文献