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室内试验确定非饱和土的力学性质有许多困难,特别是非饱和土的渗透系数,非饱和土渗透系数量级小,随吸力变化幅度大。非饱和土的孔隙结构与非饱和土的力学特性有关,非饱和土的孔隙结构用分形模型表示,分形理论可以用于研究非饱和土的力学特性。本文采用分形理论描述土体孔隙特性,导出非饱和土的水份特征曲线、渗透系数、剪切强度、膨胀变形和压缩变形的表达式。非饱和土的吸力与孔隙的关系由Young-Lapalace方程表示,将孔隙与非饱和土力学性质联系起来。文中非饱和土的理论公式与试验结果符合得很好。 相似文献
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应力路径试验前后黄土孔隙变化及与力学特性的联系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
应用压汞试验研究了不同应力路径试验前后原状和重塑黄土孔隙分布的变化,探讨了宏观力学特性与孔隙分布的联系。压汞测试结果表明:试验前两种土具有相近孔隙分布的双孔隙结构;两者w=15%试样等含水率试验后孔隙分布接近,两者饱和试样固结不排水试验后孔隙分布差异较大;应力作用主要对粒间孔隙分布产生影响;常规和减围压三轴等含水率试验后粒间孔隙体积分别减小和增大,相同固结压力下固结不排水减围压三轴试验后粒间孔隙体积比常规三轴试验后的大。原状黄土(w=15%)在低围压常规三轴试验后未出现剪切带,试样内不同部位孔隙分布未呈较大差异性。根据原状和重塑黄土相同应力路径试验后的孔隙分布差异,探讨了试样宏观力学特性的微观机理,研究结果表明胶结作用、基质吸力和粒间孔隙比对试样的强度和变形起主要作用。 相似文献
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黏性土的工程特性,都与土体的微观结构有着密切的联系。大量的研究表明,微观结构的变化,决定了土体宏观力学性质。因此,研究黏性土工程特性与其微观结构状态之间的内在联系,对于深入研究黏性土工程特性具有十分重要的工程意义。本文选取大连市某钻孔不同深度的5个土样样品首先进行模拟原状样压缩试验(主要还是针对扰动样),分析不同荷载下的释水量和变形量,试验完成后,对原状样和压缩土样采用电子显微镜扫描(SEM),然后利用ERDAS软件对SEM图片进行分析,研究压缩前后土体微观结构,特别是孔隙大小和颗粒相关指标变化规律,结合压缩试验数据,分析二者之间的联系。 相似文献
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冻融作用对土结构性影响的土力学意义* 总被引:25,自引:5,他引:20
冻融循环可以改变土的力学性质,这种影响是通过改变土的结构性而产生的.以一定干密度的饱和兰州黄土和天津粉质粘土为研究对象,使两种土都经过一个冻融循环,然后对冻融前后两种土分别进行土力学试验和电子显微镜图像的定量分析.发现冻融前后土的力学性质和微观结构特征都有一定的变化,而力学性质的变化从某种程度上都可以从微观结构的定量改变中得到解释.这将冻胀和融沉对土微结构的改变以及由此导致的土力学性质的改变的定量化研究向前推进了一步. 相似文献
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考虑微观孔隙结构的非饱和土水–力耦合本构模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
非饱和土在应力和水力路径的作用下均会产生微观孔隙结构的变化,同时,不同的孔隙类型和结构也会对非饱和土宏观水力、力学特性产生不同的影响,尤其是在膨胀土、压实黏土等双孔结构土中,这种影响尤为显著。以Wheeler建立的非饱和土水–力全耦合模型(GCM)为理论框架,引入有效饱和度来描述土体内部宏观和微观孔隙对水–力特性的不同影响,提出考虑孔隙结构影响的Bishop有效应力表达式,建立了各向等压状态下考虑微观结构的非饱和土水–力耦合本构模型,并实现了模型的预测功能。通过与非饱和土等向压缩试验结果的对比,初步验证了所建立模型的合理性和有效性。 相似文献
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软土细观孔隙结构变化是其宏观变形的根本原因。为了探索电渗中软土细观孔隙结构变化以及与宏观变形之间的关联机制,采用杭州软土开展电渗试验,监测了电渗中土体孔隙结构分布特征和含水量,从定性和定量两个方面对试验结果进行分析。研究发现,电渗过程中,粘土颗粒重新排列形成面面接触的片堆结构,土体孔隙比降低,孔隙空间形态变光滑,结构复杂性减弱。通过含水量计算所得孔隙比较实测孔隙比小,说明电渗排水量大于土体收缩量,这是因为,电渗本质为离子带动水分子的迁移,不能直接引起土骨架压缩。实际工程中,电渗法应与堆载、真空预压等联合使用。 相似文献
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分别配制不同孔隙比的粉砂、标准砂和黏土试样,采用自主研制的一套多功能渗透试验装置,开展了一系列纯土和有纺土工织物覆土条件下的渗透试验,对比分析了这两种条件下渗透系数的差异,并探讨了有纺土工织物与土共同作用下的渗透机理。结果表明,有纺土工织物对于土体渗流略有一定的抑制作用,表现为覆土条件下的渗透系数略小于纯土的渗透系数,但是对于粉砂,当其孔隙比比较大、细砂颗粒的含量相对较多时,细砂颗粒则有可能在渗流作用下通过有纺土工织物孔隙而产生流失,使得覆粉砂条件下的渗透系数略大于纯粉砂的渗透系数。 相似文献
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本文首先推广了吸力的概念,把一切增加颗粒间抗滑阻力的因素都称为广义吸力,在此基础上把饱和土的有效应力原理推广为广义有效应力原理。接着把饱和扰动土的孔隙状态定义为稳定状态,并提出了广义吸力的丧失将促使欠压缩土和超压缩土均向稳定状态发展的理论。然后建议了一个能同时描述湿陷和湿胀特性的本构模型,并通过模拟试样在不同的加荷方式和浸水共同作用下的表现,说明建议的理论可以描述黄土和膨胀土的基本变形特性。 相似文献
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As granular soils may be compressible or have inadequate strength, compaction is particularly useful when soils are subjected to dynamic loading or cyclic loading. A new laboratory apparatus for investigating dynamic compaction has been designed and fabricated. The basic principle of this new technique is to introduce vibrations during the expansion process in static compaction grouting. In these tests, the injection pressure, the excess pore water pressure, and the change in void ratio of the specimens are measured. The main focus is to investigate the development of the injection pressure, the void ratio, and the excess pore water pressure due to dynamic compaction and the subsequent consolidation of the soils. In addition, the relative density of the soils is used to evaluate the dynamic compaction efficiency. Scaled laboratory experiments are conducted to study the effect of this dynamic compaction frequency on compaction efficiency. The experimental results show that the change in void ratio in the dynamic compaction tests is about four times greater than that in the static compaction tests. Dynamic compaction frequency plays an important role in soil densification due to dynamic compaction. 相似文献
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Denitrification potential and its relation to organic carbon quality in three coastal wetland soils 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Capacity of a wetland to remove nitrate through denitrification is controlled by its physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Understanding these characteristics will help better to guide beneficial use of wetlands in processing nitrate. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) quality and denitrification rate in Louisiana coastal wetlands. Composite soil samples of different depths were collected from three different wetlands along a salinity gradient, namely, bottomland forest swamp (FS), freshwater marsh (FM), and saline marsh (SM) located in the Barataria Basin estuary. Potential denitrification rate (PDR) was measured by acetylene inhibition method and distribution of carbon (C) moieties in organic C was determined by 13C solid-state NMR. Of the three wetlands, the FM soil profile exhibited the highest PDR on both unit weight and unit volume basis as compared to FS and SM. The FM also tended to yield higher amount of N2O as compared to the FS and SM especially at earlier stages of denitrification, suggesting incomplete reduction of NO3(-) at FM and potential for emission of N2O. Saline marsh soil profile had the lowest PDR on the unit volume basis. Increasing incubation concentration from 2 to 10 mg NO3(-)-N L(-1) increased PDR by 2 to 6 fold with the highest increase in the top horizons of FS and SM soils. Regression analysis showed that across these three wetland systems, organic C has significant effect in regulating PDR. Of the compositional C moieties, polysaccharides positively influenced denitrification rate whereas phenolics (likely phenolic adehydes and ketonics) negatively affected denitrification rate in these wetland soils. These results could have significant implication in integrated assessment and management of wetlands for treating nutrient-rich biosolids and wastewaters, non-point source agricultural runoff, and nitrate found in the diverted Mississippi River water used for coastal restoration. 相似文献
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The assumption with the biggest impact on the design of geosynthetic-reinforced soils above voids is the presence and degree of soil arching, which affects the predicted applied stress on the geosynthetic. A series of centrifuge tests were conducted to investigate the soil arching in geosynthetic-reinforced soils with measurements of the soil stresses and observation of soil and geosynthetic deformation used to infer the arching behaviour. Detailed analysis of the results showed that arching significantly reduces the stress at the base of the soil when a void forms; this mechanism is due to stress redistributions and not the formation of a physical arch as suggested in some models. A new method to reliably predict this reduction is proposed by calculating the coefficient of lateral stress on vertical failure planes based on the observations of a continuous convex arc of major principal strains above the void, and the assumption that this is indicative of the stress behaviour. 相似文献
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天然沉积土由于结构性的影响,通常具有与相应重塑样截然不同的力学性质。利用重塑土的固有特性作为评价参考基准,通过对太湖湖沼相典型沉积土的原状样和重塑样的固结压缩试验,从压缩特性方面探讨了如何评价土结构性对天然沉积土力学性状的影响。试验结果表明:土体结构性使天然土体具有的结构屈服应力对其变形性状起控制作用,屈服应力比YSR可判断土结构性的强弱;并与度量原位状态土体结构性抗力的应力灵敏度Sσ、衡量土的结构性对变形影响的稳定指数SI结合起来,作为定量分析和评价土结构性影响的指标;评价指标揭示出太湖湖沼相天然沉积土在沉积过程以及沉积后受到土结构性的影响,具有高位结构性。同时试验结果验证了该评价方法能够适合具有不同结构形式的天然状态土体。 相似文献
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土的初始和再压缩过程中,孔隙比与压力关系(即e-p曲线)是天然地基沉降计算与分析的关键之一。首先在土的初始压缩变形机制及其e-p曲线特征研究基础上,引入土应力–应变关系的双曲线模型,并从完全侧限条件下土的应变与孔隙比关系入手,建立出土的初始压缩e-p曲线分析模型及其参数确定分析方法;然后,根据土的初始与再压缩e-p曲线模型的区别是其初始孔隙比与初始压缩模量不同及其产生的原因,提出再压缩土的初始孔隙比与初始压缩模量等参数确定方法,进而建立出考虑应力历史影响的再压缩土e-p曲线分析模型。本文建立的初始与再压缩e-p曲线分析模型均只包含初始孔隙比、初始压缩模量和压缩系数3个常规试验参数,模型简单,参数少,且物理意义明确。最后,通过实测与理论分析曲线的对比分析,表明了该模型的合理性与可行性。 相似文献