A numerical study on dispersion of particles from the surface of a circular cylinder placed in a gas flow using discrete vortex method

The dispersion of particles emitted from the surface of a circular cylinder placed in a gas flow at the Reynolds number of 200 000 is numerically investigated using the discrete vortex method coupled with a Lagrangian approach for solid particle tracking. The wake vortex patterns, the temporal-spatial distributions and trajectories as well as the dispersion functions for particles with various Stokes numbers（St） ranging from 0.001 to 1.0 are obtained. The numerical results reveal that：（1） Solid particles on the cylinder surface are picked up and then transported away from the cylinder by the wake vortex flow.（2） Solid particles emitted from the cylinder surface always follow the vortices in the cylinder wake, and the response of particles to wake vortices is directly related to their Stokes numbers（particles with St= 0.001, 0.0038, 0.01 can distribute both in the vortex core and around the vortex periphery, whereas those with St= 0.1, 1.0 can not enter the vortex core and congregate mainly around the vortex periphery）.（3） The particles move in rolling state in the wake region, and the dispersion intensity of particles in the lateral direction decreases remarkably as the Stokes number of particles is increased from 0.001 to 1.0.     

Numerical simulation of viscous flow past an oscillating square cylinder using a CIP-based model

The flow past an in-line forced oscillating square cylinder at Reynolds number of 200 is studied using an in-house code, named constrained interpolation profile method developed in Zhejiang University(CIP-ZJU). The model is established in the Cartesian coordinate system using the CIP method to discretise the Navier-Stokes equations. The fluid-structure interaction is treated as a multiphase flow of the liquid and solid phases to be solved simultaneously. An immersed boundary method is used to deal with the boundary of the solid body. The CFD model is first applied to the computation of the flow past a fixed square cylinder for its validation. Computations are then performed for the flow past a square cylinder oscillating in the streamwise direction. Considerable attention is paid to the symmetric and anti-symmetric modes of the vortex shedding in the oscillating square cylinder wake. Various oscillation amplitudes and frequencies are simulated and their effects on the vortex shedding modes are analyzed via Lissajous patterns of the unsteady lift coefficient. The relationship among the lift coefficient, the drag coefficient and the lock-on range is also investigated quantitatively.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL VORTEX DYNAMICS IN WAKE OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

The studies concerning the wake transition regime of the flow around a circular cylinder have drawn much attention in these years. Many experiments have been conducted for this problem but no accurate three-dimensional numerical simulations have hitherto been made. In this paper, a parallel procedure was developed to solve the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations on an SGI Origin3900 machine. Two different parallel strategies on this application were analyzed about their efficiency. It is found that the critical Reynolds number is 195, and the wake flow below this Reynolds number is purely two dimensional one, while the Reynolds number goes beyond this critical point, the wake flow becomes unstable under three-dimensional small disturbances. The transition regime involves two modes of small-scale three-dimensional instability (modes A and B), depending on the regime of Reynolds number ( Re ). It is also found that the two different modes A and B exhibit different physical features of the flow. And many other important questions were addressed in this paper.     

FORCE REDUCTION OF FLOW AROUND A SINUSOIDAL WAVY CYLINDER

A large eddy simulation of cross-flow around a sinusoidal wavy cylinder at Re=3000 was performed and the load cell measurement was introduced for the validation test. The mean flow field and the near wake flow structures were presented and compared with those for a circular cylinder at the same Reynolds number. The mean drag coefficient for the wavy cylinder is smaller than that for a corresponding circular cylinder due to the formation of a longer wake vortex generated by the wavy cylinder. The fluctuating lift coefficient of the wavy cylinder is also greatly reduced. This kind of wavy surface leads to the formation of 3-D free shear layers which are more stable than purely 2-D free shear layers. Such free shear layers only roll up into mature vortices at further downstream position and significantly modify the near wake structures and the pressure distributions around the wavy cylinder. Moreover, the simulations in laminar flow condition were also performed to investigate the effect of Reynolds number on force reduction control.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW-INDUCED VIBRATION ON TWO CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN TANDEM ARRANGEMENT

Flow-induced vibration of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement elastically mounted with a massspring-damping system was studied by solving the primitive variable Navier Stokes equations incorporating the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian （ALE） method. The convection term and dissipation term were discretized using the third-order upwind compact scheme and the fourth-order central compact scheme, respectively. The typical spacing between the cylinders is 4 diameters, which is close to the critical value. The dynamic response of the vibrations on two cylinders with two-degreeof-freedom motion is different from that of an isolated cylin der, and also different from that of a cylinder vibrating in the wake of a fixed upstream one. Different flow patterns were found in the wake, and proved to be relevant to the discontinuities observed in the response of the oscillatory cylinders.     

Flow characteristics of the two tandem wavy cylinders and drag reduction phenomenon

This paper presents an extensive numerical study of 3-D laminar flow around two wavy cylinders in the tandem arrangement for spacing ratios (L/Dm ) ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 at a low Reynolds number of 1...     

矩形管道中平板障碍物后旋涡发射特性研究

通过理论推导及流动显示实验，研究了矩形管道中平板障碍物后旋涡发射频率及尾流特征。结果得到了旋涡发射频率与雷诺数、平板阻塞率之间的关系，特别是发现了在高阻塞率条件下，当雷诺数增至某个临界值时旋涡发射被抑制，以及尾流存在周期性旋涡发射和无明显周期性的回流区两种不同的流动状态。本文还分析了上述现象的流动机理，即尾流特性主要取决于两边的分离剪切流之间的相互作用。     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF VORTEX SHEDDING FROM A SQUARE CYLINDER AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEAT TRANSFER OF MIXED CONVECTION

1 .　INTRODUCTIONForseveraldecades ,thenumericalandexperi mentalinvestigationofvortexsheddingfromaheated cooledbluntbodyinthemixednaturalandforcedconvectionregimeshasbeenasubjectofgreatinterestamongappliedmathematicians,fluiddynamicistsandheattransferanalysistowingtoitsnumerousengineeringapplicationssuchasthecoolingofelectroniccomponents ,thecoolingofhotwireanemometersandtheliftenhancementasattributedtotheMagnuseffects .Literatureonvortexsheddingfromcircularcylinderinthemixedconvectionregi…     

亚临界雷诺数下波浪型圆柱绕流的数值模拟及减阻研究

采用大涡模拟数值方法对亚临界雷诺数Re=3000下波浪型圆柱的绕流现象进行研究分析。研究结果表明,波浪型圆柱的三维尾迹涡结构能得到很好的控制,它在轴向方向呈现周期性正负涡的交替分布特性。随着幅值的增大,波浪型圆柱表面的自由剪切层得以延展,使得旋涡的脱落发生在波浪型圆柱下游较远处,从而达到减阻的目的。波浪型圆柱与普通直圆柱相比,其幅值对平均阻力系数及脉动升力系数的减少及尾迹控制有着更重要的影响,最大减阻可达16%。     

2-D eddy resolving simulations of flow past a circular array of cylindrical plant stems

In the present study, 2-D large eddy simulations(LES) are conducted for flow past a porous circular array with a solid volume fraction(SVF) of 8.8%, 15.4% and 21.5%. Such simulations are relevant to understanding flow in natural streams and channels containing patches of emerged vegetation. In the simulations discussed in the paper, the porous cylinder of diameter D contains a variable number of identical solid circular cylinders(rigid plant stems) of diameter d= 0.048 D. Most of the simulations are conducted at a Reynolds number of 2 100 based on the diameter D and the velocity of the steady uniform incoming flow. Though in all cases wake billows are shed in the regions where the separated shear layers(SSLs) forming on the sides of the porous cylinder interact, the effect of these wake billows on the mean drag is different. While in the high SVF case(21.5%), the total drag force oscillates quasi-regularly in time, similar to the canonical case of a large solid cylinder, in the cases with a lower SVF the shedding of the wake billows takes place sufficiently far from the cylinder such that the unsteady component of the total drag force is negligible. The mean amplitude of the oscillations of the drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest in a streamwise band centered around the center of the porous cylinder, where the wake to wake interactions are the strongest. In all cases the maximum drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest for the cylinders directly exposed to the flow, but this force is always smaller than the one induced on a small isolated cylinder and the average magnitude of the force on the cylinders directly exposed to the flow decreases monotonically with the increase in the SVF. Predictions of the global drag coefficients, Strouhal numbers associated with the wake vortex shedding and individual forces on the cylinders in the array from the present LES are in very good agreement with those of 2-D direct numerical simulations conducted on finer meshes, which suggests LES is a better option to numerically investigate flow in channels containing canopy patches, given that LES is computationally much less expensive than DNS at high Reynolds number. To prove this point, the paper also discusses results of 2-D LES conducted at a much higher Reynolds number, where the near-wake flow is strongly turbulent. For the higher Reynolds number cases, where the influence of the turbulence model is important, the effect of the sub-grid scale model and the predictive capabilities of the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) approach to predict flow past porous cylinders are discussed.     

圆柱非定常绕流及涡致振动的数值计算

用基于一般曲线坐标系和交错网格的差分法求解原始变量二维不可压粘性流体的N-S方程，计算了雷诺数从100到1×10     

Vortex Induced Vibrations of Finned Cylinders

This article presents the results of a numerical simulation on the vortex induced vibration of various fumed cylinders at low Reynolds number. The non-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and continuity equation were adopted to simulate the fluid around the cylinder. The cylinder （with or without fins） in fluid flow was approximated as a mass-spring system. The fluid-body interaction of the cylinder with fins and uniform flow was numerically simulated by applying the displacement and stress iterative computation on the fluid-body interfaces. Both vortex structures and response amplitudes of cylinders with various arrangements of fins were analyzed and discussed. The remarkable decrease of response amplitude for the additions of Triangle60 fins and Quadrangle45 fins was found to be comparable with that of bare cylinder. However, the additions of Triangle00 fins and Quadrangle00 fins enhance the response amplitude greatly. Despite the assumption of two-dimensional laminar flow, the present study can give a good insight into the phenomena of cylinders with various arrangements of fins.     

螺旋侧板截面形状对Spar平台涡激运动的影响研究

处于深水中的Spar平台两侧不断产生周期性漩涡脱落,极易诱发涡激运动,缩短平台疲劳寿命。为探究不同截面形状螺旋侧板对漂浮式风力机Spar平台涡激运动的影响,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法,对亚临界雷诺数流动状态下附加不同截面形状螺旋侧板的平台进行研究,并与光滑平台进行对比,分析其水动力系数及尾涡发放特点。研究表明:螺旋侧板在有效抑制平台升力系数的同时,还会增加阻力系数,圆形截面侧板对平台升力系数的降幅最大,阻力系数增幅最小;螺旋侧板的存在使漩涡脱落频率整体减小,从单一主频发放变为主频和次频发放;圆形截面侧板的漩涡脱落点距离平台最远,发放最为迟缓;在研究范围内,发现圆形截面侧板抑涡效果最佳。     

均匀来流中大长径比深海立管涡激振动特性

提出了一种对大长径比深海立管涡激振动特性进行三维耦合数值模拟的方法。其中,流场采用大涡模拟方法进行三维数值模拟,结构振动采用基于薄壳模型的有限元方法进行数值计算,并采用一种将流场和结构响应数据进行实时传输的新方法,实现了流体与固体之间的三维耦合数值模拟。在雷诺数Re=3400和11000下,对某长径比为1200的深海立管模型在均匀来流中的横向涡激振动特性进行了数值模拟与分析。结果表明,大长径比柔性立管的横向振动响应对其尾涡动力特性会产生显著影响,包括会出现涡泄频率显著增大和多频涡泄等复杂现象。尽管来流是均匀的,但立管的横向振动响应会出现明显的多模态特征,除了包含有与涡泄频率一致的振动响应外,还包含有其它频率成分的振动响应。特别地,还会出现多种高阶模态振动共存的非对称复杂弯曲变形等现象。研究表明,该方法为研究深海立管涡激振动特性及其工程预报的相关问题提供了一种有效的途径。     

Experimental investigation of flow past a circular cylinder with hydrophobic coating

A series of experiments are performed in a gravitational low-speed water tunnel to investigate the influence of the hydrophobic coating on the flow past a circular cylinder. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles behind the cylinders are measured using the hot-film anemometer while the separation angles are obtained with the flow visualization technology. For the Reynolds number lower than 3 800, the hydrophobic coatings are in the Cassie state, the velocity deficit and the turbulence intensity in the wake of the hydrophobic cylinders are lower than those of the smooth cylinders which implies the drag reduction effect of the hydrophobic coatings. When the Reynolds number becomes higher than 6 600, the hydrophobic coatings turn into the Wenzel state. Through decomposing the velocity data in the turbulent wake into different scales based on the orthogonal wavelet transform, it is found that the total turbulence intensity in the wake of the hydrophobic cylinders becomes almost the same as in the wake of the smooth cylinders while the intensity of the large scales of vortex components in the wake of the hydrophobic cylinders is still lower. Furthermore, the separation angles show the same trend as a function of the Reynolds number but always take smaller values for the hydrophobic cylinders.     

基于FLUENT的小雷诺数下方柱绕流的数值模拟

采用FLUENT对小雷诺数（Re〈52）下方柱绕流进行数值模拟,分析方柱后对称反向漩涡的图谱与漩涡尺寸的特点,分析研究表明：在小雷诺数下,方柱绕流的图谱与圆柱绕流图谱相似,并存在两个特征雷诺数,但两个特征雷诺数较圆柱绕流的小些;方柱绕流对称反向漩涡尺寸与雷诺数呈线性关系变化,并且漩涡发生得比圆柱绕流更为剧烈;方柱绕流柱体后的漩涡能够较容易达到稳定状态。研究结论进一步丰富方柱绕流问题。     

串列条件下静止圆柱对振动圆柱的流致振动影响试验研究

利用圆柱群的流致振动进行海洋能发电是当前可再生能源研究的热点之一。由于多柱体绕流存在强烈的相互干扰作用,其流致振动与单圆柱有着明显的区别且运行过程中必然存在某些柱体损坏或停机的现象,对相邻圆柱产生巨大的影响。利用自循环水槽对串列条件下静止圆柱对振动圆柱的流致振动影响进行试验研究。考虑两种工况:(1)上游圆柱固定,下游圆柱可沿横流向自由振动;(2)下游圆柱固定,上游圆柱可沿横流向自由振动。结果表明:对于工况(1),当2.0≤L/D≤4.0时,固定上游圆柱对下游圆柱的振动响应起增强作用,当5.0≤L/D≤7.0时,固定上游圆柱对下游圆柱的振动响应起抑制作用;对于工况(2),当2.0≤L/D≤3.0时,固定下游圆柱对上游圆柱的振动响应起增强作用,当L/D=4.0时,固定下游圆柱对上游圆柱的振动响应起抑制作用。随着间距比的增大,振动圆柱的涡激振动(vortex induced vibration,VIV)上端分支范围逐渐减小。相比于工况(1),工况(2)中上游圆柱的振动响应对间距比更为敏感。     

WAKE PATTERNS OF FLOW PAST A PAIR OF CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN SIDE-BY-SIDE ARRANGEMENTS AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS

A flow past two side-by-side identical circular cylinders was numerically investigated with the unstructured spectral element method. From the computational results at various non-dimensional distances between cylinder centers T/D and the Reynolds number Re, a total of nine kinds of wake patterns were observed: four steady wake patterns, including single bluff-body steady pattern, separated double-body steady pattern and transition steady pattern for sub-critical Reynolds numbers and biased steady pattern for super-critical Reynolds numbers, and five unsteady wake patterns, including single bluff-body periodic pattern, biased quasi-steady pattern, quasi-periodic (flip-flopping) pattern, in-phase-synchronized pattern and anti-phase-synchronized pattern. Time evolution of lift and drag coefficients corresponding to each unsteady wake pattern was given.     

Large-eddy simulation of the flow past both finite and infinite circular cylinders at Re =3900

The flow past a finite circular cylinder with a height-to-diameter ratio of 1.5 and an infinite circular cylinder of the same diameter at a Reynolds number Re= 3 900 is investigated using the large eddy simulation(LES). The objective of the present study is to explore the differences of the flow mechanisms between the finite and infinite circular cylinders. It is shown that the free end of the finite circular cylinders affects the wake region significantly. The mean drag coefficient and the fluctuating lift coefficient of the finite circular cylinder are smaller than those of the infinite circular cylinder. The three-dimensional separation and the separated shear layer instability of the finite circular cylinder can obviously be observed. The existence of an arch vortex in the average flow downstream of the free end is demonstrated.     

低雷诺数下的钉螺绕流特征数值模拟

研究钉螺在水流中的运动规律对于控制钉螺扩散具有十分重要的意义。通过开源流体力学计算软件OpenFOAM,使用非结构化的三角形网格拟合钉螺边界,采用有限体积法和PISO算法计算平面无限区域中黏性不可压缩流体下的钉螺绕流运动,模拟了低雷诺数下横向和纵向2种水流条件螺体后方尾流形态变化,详细描述了漩涡脱落过程等现象;对比分析不同条件下钉螺的阻力系数C_D、回流区长度L_w/D、斯特罗哈数St等的区别。研究结果表明:随着雷诺数的增加,钉螺的阻力系数逐渐减小,尾流形态呈现3种不同的形态,初步确定各流态转变的临界雷诺数的范围。该研究可为进一步掌握钉螺扩散规律、改进水利阻螺措施提供理论依据。