Recrystallization and grain growth of cold-drawn gold bonding wire

Recrystallization and grain growth of gold bonding wire have been investigated with electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD). The bonding wires were wire-drawn to an equivalent strain greater than 11.4 with final diameter between 25 and 30 μm. Annealing treatments were carried out in a salt bath at 300 °C, and 400 °C for 1, 10, 60 minutes, and 1 day. The textures of the drawn gold wires contain major 〈111〉, minor 〈100〉, and small fractions of complex fiber components. The 〈100〉 oriented regions are located in the center and surface of the wire, and the complex fiber components are located near the surface. The 〈111〉 oriented regions occur throughout the wire. Maps of the local Taylor factor can be used to distinguish the 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 regions. The 〈111〉 oriented grains have large Taylor factors and might be expected to have higher stored energy as a result of plastic deformation compared to the 〈100〉 regions. Both 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 grains grow during annealing. In particular, 〈100〉 grains in the surface and the center part grow into the 〈111〉 regions at 300 °C and 400 °C. Large misorientations (angles >40 deg) are present between the 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 regions, which means that the boundaries between them are likely to have high mobility. Grain average misorientation (GAM) is greater in the 〈111〉 than in the 〈100〉 regions. It appears that the stored energy, as indicated by geometrically necessary dislocation content in the subgrain structure, is larger in the 〈111〉 than in the 〈100〉 regions.     

输焦3#皮带改造

对输焦系统3#皮带机改造,提高了焦炭输送能力,满足了1#、2#皮带机和0#皮带机同时向3#皮带机供料的要求.     

改造输焦系统3#皮带提高输送能力

通过对输焦系统3#皮带机进行改造,提高了焦炭输送能力,满足了1#、2#皮带机和0#皮带机同时向3#皮带机供料的要求.     

蓄热式加热炉使用分析

介绍了南钢中板厂1#、4#蓄热式加热炉的应用情况,对1#、4#炉的供热能力、性能参数、换向阀进行比较,提出了影响换向时间的因素以及1#、4#炉在使用过程中存在的若干问题。     

高炉喷吹用高比例低阶煤的优化

近年来在国家“碳达峰、碳中和”战略背景下,钢铁行业积极推动绿色低碳高质量发展,而高比例低阶煤喷吹则是高炉减碳降耗、提高冶炼效率的关键技术。本文对某钢铁企业5种常用喷吹煤资源基础性能进行了系统研究,发现三种无烟煤相比,1#无烟煤与3#无烟煤成分接近,且固定碳含量均高于2#无烟煤;2#无烟煤的挥发分略高,灰分略低;可磨性由优到劣排序为2#无烟煤>3#无烟煤>1#无烟煤;3#无烟煤的喷流性指数最好,为74,1#无烟煤的喷流性指数最差,小于60;三种无烟煤的爆炸性较弱,回火长度均为0 mm,着火温度均大于400℃,燃烧特性指数S由大到小排序为3#无烟煤>1#无烟煤>2#无烟煤。五种煤的反应性排序为：2#烟煤>1#烟煤>3#无烟煤>1#无烟煤>2#无烟煤。在此基础上,选出适合高炉高比例低阶煤工业试验的两种煤粉：1#烟煤和3#无烟煤,进行喷吹工业试验,结果表明,相对于基准期,喷吹高比例低阶煤后高炉利用系数增加,日产铁量提高50 t,喷煤成本降低3元/吨铁,煤比提高7.39 kg/t,燃料比降低4.14 kg/t。实践证明高比例低阶煤喷吹技术在钢铁企业...     

高辐射覆层技术在日钢球式热风炉中的应用

日钢炼铁厂在2#、5#、7#、8#高炉热风炉改造中应用高辐射覆层技术,热风炉正常运行1a后的数据统计表明,5#高炉2#热风炉烧炉时间节省4.34min,即节约煤气量3.34%,送风拱顶温度提高了49.20℃,送风终了拱顶温度提高了53.86℃;2#、7#、8#高炉的11座热风炉在风温提高16℃的情况下,高炉外供总煤气量仍增加0.55%,年效益为1512.6万元。     

焦家金矿3#脉成矿规律探讨

焦家金矿3# 脉位于焦家断裂中,1#、2# 脉矿体的下部,成脉群产出,矿体规模较小,主要受平行裂隙(节理)构造控制,矿体分支、复合、尖灭显著。3# 矿体金成色为840左右,高于1#、2# 矿体,反映了矿体形成的温度和深度。3# 矿体与硅化、钾化关系密切,发育于构造挤压部位。     

两台参数不同的变压器并联运行的分析

1　概述马钢动力厂51#变电所有3台主变,1#、2#主变容量为45000kVA,三绕组变压器,110kV/10.5kV/6.3kV,Y0/Δ/Δ-11-11接线,3#主变容量为31500kVA,双绕组变压器,110kV/10.5kV,Y0/Δ-11接线。正常运行情况下,1#主变供10kV段,6kV、段;2#主变供10kV段,6kV、段;3#主变供10kV段。2000年2月19日,51#变电所1#主变重瓦斯保护和差动保护同时动作,主变三侧开关跳闸。事故发生后,经检查和测试,发现1#主变内部严重故障,已无法投入运行,由于新的1#主变需要5个月后才能到货,在这段时间内,原1#主变的所有6kV负荷只能全部由2#主变供电,特别是其中一些重…     

邯钢1#、2#、3#、6#高炉及其喷煤中心数据共享的实现

介绍了邯钢1#、2#、3#、6#高炉及其喷煤中心数据共享的实现过程,重点介绍了DH+网络的实施.     

价格专版

长江有色金属现货市场行情2007年07月6日价格(单位:元/吨)品名价格品名价格品名价格1#铜64650-64850漆包线QZ0.1-3.0mm67950-71950氧化钴钴7225000A00铝20200-202201#钴500000-5200001#铋300000-3050001#铅222000-224001#锑43000-440000#镉115000-1200000#锌26400-284002#锑41500-42500硫酸镍75000-790001#锌26300-26400金属硅553-3303#9900-12000氯化镍25Kg包装83000-860001#镍板326500-328000厂标1#镁锭19800-200001#白银(元/Kg)3600-36101#锡108500-1095001#电解锰23500-25000磷铜合金磷14%左右65500-66000无氧铜丝3mm65550-65750MB…     

铅烟化炉次氧化锌生产电锌的工艺研究

进行了焙烧脱氟氯-酸浸-氧化除杂-电解工艺处理铅烟化炉次氧化锌的研究。试验结果:锌直收率87．02％,回收率89．25％,阴极锌质量100％达0~#锌品级。     

低度复杂氧化锌矿直接法生产等级氧化锌工业试验

以低度复杂氧化锌矿为原料直接生产等级氧化锌。确定了物料的配比,解决了高铁高硅低锌氧化矿(含锌低于30%)直接生产等级氧化锌的一系列技术难题,并形成规模化生产。     

铅烟化炉次氧化锌生产电锌的工艺研究

进行了焙烧脱氟氟-酸浸-氧化除杂-电解工艺处理铅烟化炉次氧化锌的研究。试验结果：锌直收率87．02％，回收率89．25％，阴极锌质量100％达0^#锌品级。     

某难选铅锌矿的选矿试验研究

某铅锌矿石铅锌矿物与脉石矿物共生关系复杂、嵌布粒度较细,矿石比较难磨,锌矿物及脉石矿物比较易浮,采用常规的浮选药剂,铅、锌精矿互含高,精矿品质低。原矿中主要金属矿物Pb品位为0.78%、Zn品位为5.55%;试验研究所确定采用原矿添加石灰磨至-0.074 mm占85%后,铅经一次粗选、一次扫选、四次精选产出铅精矿(铅粗精矿再磨至0.045 mm占95%),选铅尾矿锌浮选,经一次粗选、一次扫选、三次精选产出锌精矿和尾矿的工艺流程。添加新药剂T8、D88、酯-18;最终获得了铅精矿铅品位60.50%、回收率76.26%,锌精矿锌品位50.77%、回收率为87.40%的较好指标。     

Technetium-99m-MAG3 in early identification of pyelonephritis in children

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 99mTc-mercaptotriacetylglycine (MAG3) can substitute for 99mTc-glucoheptonate (GH) in the detection of pyelonephritis. METHODS: One hundred thirty renal scintigraphies were evaluated retrospectively in 38 children (21% boys, 79% girls; age range 1 mo-21 yr; mean age 7.2 yr) referred for evaluation during an acute clinical urinary tract infection and for follow-up studies. Twelve topographical regions were designated on each kidney. Each area was graded for severity of decreased radionuclide localization: mild (Grade 1), moderate (Grade 2) or marked (Grade 3). Early posterior views of MAG3 studies were compared to delayed posterior GH images. In all patients, both studies were performed on the same day. RESULTS: Eighty-two studies were performed during an acute clinical infection and 48 were performed as follow-up. Seventy-seven percent of the studies had focal cortical lesions. Of all the cortical lesions identified by GH, MAG3 detected 74% (match lesions). A comparable percentage of lesions was identified in each region by both studies. GH scintigraphy detected 261 lesions (63 Grade 1, 149 Grade 2 and 49 Grade 3), and MAG3 detected 201 lesions (37 Grade 1, 117 Grade 2 and 47 Grade 3). MAG3 was unable to recognize 60 lesions identified by GH studies in 11 patients (mismatch lesions). Of these, 41% (26 of 63) were Grade 1, 21% (32 of 149) were Grade 2 and 4% (2 of 49) were Grade 3. In three cases, MAG3 identified lesions not seen by GH (reverse mismatch); all had acute symptomatic infection. CONCLUSION: These data document that MAG3 in the early phase of the study (1-2 min) can detect Grade 2 to Grade 3 cortical lesions in patients with pyelonephritis, but it is less effective in detecting Grade 1 lesions.     

Morphological awareness: A key to understanding poor reading comprehension in English.

This longitudinal study examined the performance of poor comprehenders on several reading-related abilities in the late elementary school years. We identified 3 groups of readers in Grade 5 who were matched on word reading accuracy and speed, nonverbal cognitive ability, and age: unexpected poor comprehenders, expected average comprehenders, and unexpected good comprehenders. We compared these groups in Grade 5 and, retrospectively, in Grade 3. The 3 groups performed similarly on phonological awareness, naming speed, and orthographic processing tasks but differed in morphological awareness, even when vocabulary was controlled statistically. Unexpected poor comprehenders performed more poorly than expected average comprehenders in morphological derivation at Grade 5 but not in Grade 3; in contrast, expected average comprehenders performed more poorly than unexpected good comprehenders at Grade 3, but these groups did not differ in Grade 5. Our findings suggest that poor morphological awareness contributes to reading comprehension difficulties and that children with different reading comprehension profiles may learn morphology at different rates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reamed interlocking intramedullary nailing of open fractures of the tibia

One hundred twelve open tibial fractures were treated by reamed interlocking nailing in 108 patients. There were 31 (28%) Grade I fractures, 38 (34%) Grade II, 23 Grade IIIA (21%), and 20 (18%) Grade IIIB fractures. Early amputation was performed in 2 (10%) Grade IIIB fractures for severe crushing injuries. Compartment syndrome complicated 8 (7%) fractures. Mean time to union was 29 weeks for Grade I fractures, 32 weeks for Grade II, 34 weeks for Grade IIIA, and 39 weeks for Grade IIIB. Nonunion complicated 9 (8%) fractures: 1 (3%) Grade I fracture, 2 (5%) Grade II fractures, 3 (13%) Grade IIIA fractures, and 3 (17%) Grade IIIB fractures. Deep infection complicated 4 Grade II fractures (10%) and 2 (11%) Grade IIIB fractures. Reamed locking intramedullary nailing is a safe and effective technique for management of open tibial fractures.     

处理高铜、铅银阳极的生产实践

在银电解过程中增加高铜、铅阳极的一次电解;高铅金粉的湿法除铅;电解液的硫酸沉铅等三道工序,可生产符合国标要求的1~#银粉和1~#电金。此工艺操作简便,国标1#银粉一次合格率达90％以上,1~#电金品率100％,且消除了流程中的铅害。     

Effect of potassium channel openers on the firing rate of hippocampal pyramidal cells and A10 dopaminergic neurons in vitro

The clinical relevance of grading in ependymomas is almost always regarded as controversial. According to the classification of brain tumours revised by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993, brain tumours of ependymal origin are differentiated as subependymomas Grade I, ependymomas Grade II, and anaplastic (malignant) ependymomas Grade III. The purpose of the present retrospective study of 126 patients with intracranial ependymomas was to assess the clinical and prognostic significance of the topical classification and grading system by a uni- and multivariate statistical analysis. 87 Grade II ependymomas were predominantly located in the midline and in the fourth ventricle, whereas 39 anaplastic ependymomas Grade III were most often found in the cerebral hemispheres. Excluding the localization-linked operative mortality, progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly dependent on the histological grading. Median PFS time was 7.5 years in Grade II, but only 1.5 years in Grade III ependymomas. Stratifying for the two time intervals 1951-1970 and 1971-1990, and excluding the operative mortality, a multivariate Cox' model analysis of the covariates age, localization, grading, extent of surgery, and radiation therapy revealed that only the histological grading and radiation therapy had a significant impact on PFS. Thus, the WHO grading system has a statistically significant relevance for the long-term prognosis of intracranial ependymomas. However, the therapeutic management including radical tumour resection and additional local irradiation should be independent of the grading.     

Orthostatic hypotension with syncope--a problem of hypertensive therapy in the aged

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of the "laryngeal lift" maneuver in improving laryngoscopic visualization to facilitate endotracheal intubation. DESIGN: Blinded study. SETTING: Operating room at Meridia Huron Hospital. PATIENTS: 305 patients receiving general anesthesia for elective surgery requiring intubation. (Five patients were eliminated from the study because we elected to intubate these patients awake and sedated.) INTERVENTIONS: Following induction of anesthesia and paralysis with muscle relaxants, laryngoscopic views of each patient were evaluated by the laryngoscopist before and after the laryngeal lift was performed by an anesthesiologist assisting the laryngoscopist. Each patient served as his or her own control group. The anesthesiologist was blinded to the results obtained by the laryngoscopist. All Grade I laryngoscopic views were eliminated (198 patients). Five patients were eliminated on the basis of obesity or atlantoaxial subluxation. The laryngeal lift was performed on the remaining 102 patients, representing Grade II to Grade V laryngoscopic views. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A modification of the original classification of laryngoscopic views by Cormack and Lehane was used: Grade I = full view of glottis; Grade II = only posterior commissure visible; Grade III = arytenoids visible; Grade IV = epiglottis visible; Grade V = no glottic structure visible. In 98 of 102 cases (96%), the maneuver improved visualization by at least 1 grade. There was no evidence of change in the 4 remaining cases. CONCLUSIONS: The laryngeal lift should be part of the anesthesiologists' armamentarium in helping the laryngoscopist who is faced with Grades II, III, IV, and V laryngoscopic views to enhance visualization of the larynx and thus facilitate endotracheal intubation.