确定采煤工作面合理支护阻力的数值方法

对不同地质及开采条件下的采煤工作面上覆岩层的活动进行了UDEC数值模拟,发现工作面上覆岩层平衡结构层位与采高及一次采出煤层厚度并不存在线性关系.所形成的平衡结构有两类,即稳定平衡结构和似平衡结构.文中给出了确定合理支架工作阻力的计算公式,并在水峪矿7103工作面及成庄矿3308工作面支架工作阻力确定中进行了应用.     

重复采动停采边界关键层失稳诱发灾害研究

基于岩层控制的关键层理论,分析了重复采动过程中上覆巨厚关键层岩块形态特征、冒落和移动规律.结果表明:重复采动停采边界矿震机理归结为2种形式:1)采高增加引起顶板冒落高度增加,造成高位关键岩块铰接平衡结构失稳诱发矿震;2)重复采动引起顶板岩层移动线外扩,导致采场边界顶板活动范围增加,造成高位关键层破断诱发矿震.依据此机理,提出了降低推采速度(低扰动)、优化开采边界(低应力)等防控动力灾害的技术方法.通过3下510工作面实施运用与开采实践,达到了采场边界矿震及动力灾害的防控目的,保证了工作面安全和地面稳定.     

长壁工作面矿山压力的模拟研究

本文以不同条件下两个工作面矿压显现观测资料为基础,进行了相似材料模型试验和有限单元法模拟电算。研究了上覆岩层的变形、移动和应力分布的规律,分析了支架工作阻力与顶板岩层的应力分布以及顶板下沉量之间的关系。研究结果表明,一个工作面的支架设计工作阻力是合理的,而另一个则偏大。     

巨厚砾岩层下综放采场矿压显现规律

巨厚砾岩层下综放采场矿压显现规律研究对于采场围岩控制和安全生产具有重要的现实意义.采用理论分析和义马矿区千秋煤矿矿压观测方法进行研究,得出结论为:综放工作面围岩可控程度属于难控围岩,即采场顶底板围岩控制困难.选出了ZF7000-18/28型放顶煤基本支架及其综放面合理配套设备;现场观测研究了综放面矿压显现规律,得出了采场顶板来压步距、来压强度等参数.采场矿压显现明显,不同区域来压具有不一致性.顶板周期来压时支架循环末工作阻力最大值为4 307.70 kN,为支架额定工作阻力的61.54%.因此,采场支架可靠性能较高,现场应用试验效果显著,矿井实现了"一井一面"生产模式,推动了安全高效矿井建设.     

深厚表土薄基岩综放采场合理支护阻力研究

以新巨龙矿井2301采场为工程背景,通过数值模拟研究了深厚表土薄基岩采场合理支护阻力,结果表明:深厚表土薄基岩采场支架载荷具有显著的时间效应,支架载荷来自顶煤、直接顶自重、基本顶破断产生的冲击载荷和厚表土层缓慢变形产生的附加载荷,建立了此类采场支护阻力的计算模型;综合考虑支架载荷显著的时间效应和试验采场多种岩层结构模型,确定试验采场合理支护阻力为13 700kN;微震监测结果表明试验区域基岩层厚度为50m,直接顶厚度为30m,基本顶厚度为20m;支架载荷监测结果表明采场支架的工作阻力基本处于10 000~14 000kN,从而验证了所选支架的适应性,对深厚表土薄基岩综放采场支架选型具有参考意义.     

大倾角煤层采场顶板运动结构分析

根据大倾角煤层采场矿压显现特点 ,对采场顶板岩层的运动、破坏形式进行了研究 .提出了大倾角条件下老顶岩层在运动中易于形成倾斜砌体结构板大结构 ,直接顶岩层则因上段冒落矸石充填 ,在采场中下段形成砌体梁小结构 ,并探讨了中下段小结构平衡的极限条件和结构失稳形式 .     

固体充填开采直接顶位态控制机制及工程案例

基于充填开采岩层移动特征与实际采场中的8种典型覆岩载荷形式,建立了四柱充填采煤液压支架顶梁的平衡方程,分析了不同覆岩载荷形式下立柱的受力状态,结合工程实测确定支架顶梁最优载荷形式为二次曲线;构建了充填采煤液压支架与充填体协同控顶的力学方程;分析了直接顶位态的主要影响因素,揭示了固体充填开采直接顶位态控制机制,即充填体弹...     

远距离下部煤层回采对上部采场巷道影响分析

为了研究远距离多煤层开采时下部煤层回采对上部采场巷道破坏的原因和影响范围,结合云煤一矿和正德矿业的井下采掘关系,通过覆岩破坏高度经验公式和UDEC数值模拟,得到远距离多煤层开采覆岩破坏的特点以及部分巷道受损的原因。利用概率积分和FLAC3 D数值模拟揭示了正德矿业倾斜岩面移动变形特征以及巷道破坏的主要原因;采用岩层移动角计算云煤一矿开采对正德矿业的影响范围,确定了巷道受损数目。研究结果表明:受损巷道少部分是由下部工作面回采引起的覆岩破坏和岩层移动变形共同造成的,而大部分受损巷道则仅由岩层移动变形造成;在采场倾斜岩面上,由于自重力和平行于岩面原岩应力分力的影响,下部工作面回采对其上山影响范围大于下山;采用优化的岩层移动角计算云煤一矿对正德矿业的采动影响范围,确定了巷道受损数量和位置,基本与现场实际情况吻合,可以为相似案例提供参考。     

金刚煤矿综采支架工作阻力的确定

综采支架工作阻力的大小,直接决定着综采支架的架型和质量,关系到矿井的生产和安全,影响到矿井的经济效益和社会效益。运用国内外对支架阻力的计算方法,借助相似模拟试验,确定了金刚矿3115工作面综采支架工作阻力为2400 kN。现场使用效果表明：使用综合机械化开采经济效益和社会效益明显,不过在确定液压支架工作阻力时,应充分参考同一矿井与拟用综采工作面毗邻区采煤工作面的矿压观测结果,由此获得的工作阻力更加可靠合理,适当降低3115工作面综采支架工作阻力,仍可满足安全生产要求。     

采场覆岩垮落形态与演化的分布式光纤检测试验研究

为了对煤矿上覆岩层变形破坏规律进行研究,将分布式光纤传感技术应用于三维立体模型试验.在3.6m×2.0m×2.0m的三维立体模型中,模拟2个工作面开挖,沿工作面1和2推进方向铺设水平分布式传感光纤,每次工作面完成回采后用NBX-6055应变分析仪采集数据,分析工作面1,2的传感光纤布里渊(Brillouin)频移值与上覆岩层变形破断的关系.结果表明:用布里渊频移平均变化度的概念可以对工作面1,2的上覆岩层来压情况进行判别;传感光纤布里渊频移曲线反映了上覆岩层变形的位置和程度,从而得出开挖过程中覆岩的采动影响范围及岩层垮落角;传感光纤测试数据比测管位移测试更加精确.     

Dynamic failure risk of coal pillar formed by irregular shape longwall face:A case study

Irregular shape workface would result in the presence of coal pillar, which leads to high stress concentration and possibly induces coal bumps. In order to study the coal bump mechanism of pillars, static and dynamic stress overlapping(SDSO) method was proposed to explain the impacts of static stress concentration and tremors induced by mining activities. The stress and deformation in surrounding rock of mining face were analyzed based on the field case study at 1303 workface in Zhaolou Coal Mine in China.The results illustrate that the surrounding rock of a workface could be divided into four different zones,i.e., residual stress zone, stress decrease zone, stress increase zone and original stress zone. The stress increase zone is prone to failure under the SDSO impact loading conditions and will provide elastic energy for inducing coal bump. Based on the numerical modelling results, the evolution of static stress in coal pillar as the size of gob increasing was studied, and the impact of dynamic stress was investigated through analyzing the characteristics of tremor activities. The numerical results demonstrate the peak value of vertical stress in coal pillar rises from about 30 MPa with mining distance 10 m to 52.6 MPa with mining distance 120 m, and the location of peak stress transfers to the inner zone of coal pillars as the workface moves forward. For the daily tremor activities, tremors with high energy released indicate high dynamic stress disturbance on the surrounding rock, therefore, the impact of dynamic stressing is more serious during workface extension period because the tremor frequency and average energy after workface extension are higher than those before the workface extension.     

Mechanics criterion and factors affecting overburden stability in solid dense filling mining

The effect of controlling strata movement in solid filling mining depends on the filling rate of the goaf.However, the mechanical property of the overburden in the backfill stope and the designed size of the backfill mining workface should also be considered. In this study, we established a main roof strata model with loads in accordance with the theory of key strata to investigate the stability of the overburden in solid dense filling mining. We analyzed the stress distribution law of the main roof strata based on elastic thin plate theory. The results show that the position of the long side midpoint of the main roof strata failed more easily because of tensile yield, indicating that this position is the area where failure is likely to occur more easily. We also deduced the stability mechanics criterion of the main roof strata based on tensile yield criterion. The factors affecting the stability of the overburden in solid dense filling mining were also analyzed, including the thickness and elasticity modulus of the main roof strata, overlying strata loads, advanced distance and length of workface, and elastic foundation coefficient of backfill body.The research achievements can provide an important theoretical basis for determining the designed size of the solid dense filling mining workface.     

Research into stope roof control of compound roof by solid backfilling mining

Based on the analysis of the failure characteristics and backfilling effect of the compound roof at 1801 backfilling workface in Taiyuan coal mine,China,we propose a method of controlling the presubsidence of a compound roof by using pre-stressed bolts to improve the backfilling ratio of the workface so as to maintain the global stability of the stope roof.In addition,PHASE simulation software was employed to analyze the influence law of pre-stressing force,length,and interval on roof subsidence at the workface.On the basis of the numerical simulation results,a model for calculating the pre-stressing force and length of the bolts,the interval between the bolts,as well as roof subsidence at the workface,was established by using SPSS regression analysis software.Moreover,the research results were applied successfully to the 1801 filling workface.According to the monitoring data of roof closure,it was found that the final subsidence value for the goaf roof was 350 mm and the filling ratio at the workface was 86%,which could fully meet the demand for safety production at the workface.The safe and effective control of the stope roof was therefore realized,which achieves the goal of safe and efficient backfilling mining under a compound roof.     

Numerical analysis of seepage flow characteristic of collapse column under the influence of mining

Based on the importance of fractured rock mass seepage research, in order to analyze seepage flow characteristics of collapse column under the influence of mining, a method by embedding fractured rock mass flow solid coupling relationship into FLAC^3D internal flow models is presented according to fluid–solid coupling theory and strength criterion. A calculation model of numerical analysis was established, and the influences of mining pressure and plastic damage to pore water pressure and seepage vector change rule were studied. The results show that collapse column is the main channel of confined water seepage upward. The impact is not big when the workface is away from the collapse column. But when the workface is nearing a collapse column, there will be a seepage channel on a side near the workface, in which seepage vector and head are comparatively large. With workface pushing through collapse column, the seepage channel transfers to the other side of the column. In addition, when the plastic damage area within the collapse column breaks through, a “pipeline flow” will be formed within the column, and seepage field will change remarkably and the possibility of water bursting will be greater.     

工作面采动应力状态电磁辐射响应规律

通过对梁宝寺煤矿3305采煤工作面与3408掘进工作面电磁辐射监测数据的分析,得到了采掘区域煤岩体内部应力的分布情况和变化规律.划分了采掘工作面高应力危险区域.分析表明,电磁辐射信号可以准确反映煤体内部应力分布情况,并且可以进一步反映工作面前方卸压区与应力集中区的范围.针对高应力危险区域,采用钻屑法与电磁辐射法两种手段进行了监测.并对监测结果进行了分析,结果表明,两种监测手段在反映煤体内部应力集中程度上具有很高的一致性.电磁辐射技术具有监测区域广,连续非接触的优点.而钻屑法则具有在某点处监测精度高的优点.     

Strata behavior investigation for high-intensity mining in the water-rich coal seam

This paper describes a specific case of mining in a water-rich coal seam in western China. Water inrushes, roof caving and other disasters induced by intensive mining operation could pose great threats to the safety of coal mines. The strata behavior during the high-intensity extraction in the water-rich coal seam is analyzed by employing the numerical simulation method and in situ monitoring. The results show that about 10 m ahead of the workface, the front abutment pressure peaks is at 34.13 MPa, while the peak of the side abutment pressure is located about 8 m away from the gateway with the value of 12.41 MPa; the height of the fracture zone, the first weighting step and the cycle weighting step are calculated to be 45, 50 and 20.8 m, respectively; pressure distribution in the workface is characterized by that the vertical pressure in the center occurs earlier and is stronger than those on both ends. Then, the results above are verified by in situ measurement, which may provide a basis for safe mining under similar conditions.     

Distribution of lateral floor abutment pressure in a stope

In order to study the distribution of lateral floor abutment pressure at a working face, we first used elasticity theory to establish a distribution model of lateral floor abutment pressure and then analysed its distribution. Second, we established a three-dimensional numerical simulation model of the Haizi Coal Mine No. 86 mining area by using FLAC3D (ITASCA Consulting Group) software. We investigated the distribution of lateral floor abutment pressure of a stope, which indicated that the position of abutment pressure peak varies at different floor depths. We then determined the rational reinforcement range of a floor roadway, based on the conclusion reached earlier. Finally, we used our conclusions in support of the No. 86 mining area crossing-roadway. The supported crossing-roadway remained stable when mining the upper workface, which validates the accuracy of our numerical simulation and provides a future reference for the support of span-roadways under similar conditions.     

跨采软岩巷道锚注加固技术的实验研究

针对鲍店煤化北翼采区受放顶煤工作面跨采影响的下部主要岩石集中巷,对巷道采用不同支护形式的支护效果进行了相似模拟试验研究,得到了受跨采影响的软岩巷道在不同支护条件下的变形特征,为同类软岩巷道支护提供了科学的依据。